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Casimir and brought
When John Casimir abdicated the Polish – Lithuanian throne, he brought many of his paintings with him to France.
Hence it should be assumed that about the middle of the 14th century, King Casimir transformed Krosno from a settlement into a town chartered according to the Magdeburg rights and brought in numerous groups of German settlers.
His maternal grandfather Casimir III the Great, last King of Poland from the Piast dynasty, brought him up at his court as his favorite-the king had no legal male successors.
On November 14, 1179, Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich brought a daughter of duke Casimir II of Poland ( her name was Anastasia according to the Lyubetskiy sinodik ) as wife for Vsevolod.

Casimir and her
According to the Annales Cracovienses Compilati, this event took place in 1136 ; since it can be assumed that the Polish princess was younger than her betrothed, and also are known the birth dates of the youngest children of Bolesław III ( Agnes in 1137 and Casimir in 1138 ), Judith in consequence could have been born between 1130 and 1135.
There were descendants of superseded daughters of Casimir III of Poland ( d. 1370 ), such as his youngest daughter Anna, Countess of Celje ( d. 1425 without surviving Issue ), and her daughter Anna of Celje ( 1380 – 1416 ) whom Władysław II Jagiełło married next.
He had in the meantime improved his position by an alliance with Wladislaus Lokietek, king of Poland, and had his daughter Aldona baptized for the sake of betrothing her to Władysław's son Casimir III.
* Casimir III of Poland is succeeded jointly by his sister, Elisabeth of Kujavia, and her son, Louis I of Hungary, beginning the rule of Poland by the Capet-Anjou family.
In Saalfeld Richeza led the Polish opposition which supported her son Casimir, who in 1039, with the help of Conrad II, finally obtain the Polish throne.
Later she moved to Paris and enrolled at the prestigious Académie Julian where she met her future husband, Count Casimir Markievicz (), an artist from a wealthy Polish family that owned land in what is now Ukraine.
Two consecutive Polish kings, Władysław IV and John II Casimir ( Polish: Jan II Kazimierz Waza ) married the same French Duchess, Marie Louise Gonzaga ( Polish: Ludwika Maria ), daughter of Charles I, Duke of Mantua ; persecuted by King Louis XIII of France for her affiance to his opponent Gaston, Duke of Orléans.
When she was widowed in 1448, there were marriage negotiations with Albert VI, Archduke of Austria, and King Casimir IV Jagiellon, but when Christian of Oldenburg was chosen as the new king of Denmark, it was agreed that he should marry her instead.
Elisabeth would become Holy Roman Empress after her marriage with Charles IV, and Casimir was adopted by and designated heir of his grandfather.
Barbara attempted to convince the Bohemians to place King Władysław III of Poland or Casimir of Poland upon the throne of Bohemia after the death of Sigismund instead of her son-in-law Albert II of Germany ; in exchange, Wladyslaw would marry her.
* Constance Markievicz, Irish Revolutionary, in 1903 after a visit to the Ukraine, she and her husband Casimir Markievicz returned to live in a house provided by the Constance's mother in Rathmines to bring up her daughter maeve and stepson Stanislaus.
In 1031, together with her children Casimir, Ryksa and Gertruda, she left the country.
In 1564 John Casimir suggested himself as bridegroom for Elizabeth I of England and sent her his portrait via the Scottish courtier Sir James Melville.
Catherine of Sweden ( Swedish: Katarina av Sverige ) ( 10 November 1584 – 13 December 1638 ) was a Swedish princess and a Countess Palatine of Zweibrücken as the consort of her second cousin John Casimir of Palatinate-Zweibrücken.

Casimir and with
Casimir was seeking allies over the dispute of Pomerania with the Knights.
When Casimir, the last Piast king of Poland, died in 1370, his nephew King Louis I of Hungary succeeded him to become king of Poland in personal union with Hungary.
King Casimir continued living with Christine despite complaints by Pope Innocent VI on behalf of Queen Adelaide.
Although the Casimir effect can be expressed in terms of virtual particles interacting with the objects, it is best described and more easily calculated in terms of the zero-point energy of a quantized field in the intervening space between the objects.
Dutch physicists Hendrik B. G. Casimir and Dirk Polder at Philips Research Labs proposed the existence of a force between two polarizable atoms and between such an atom and a conducting plate in 1947, and, after a conversation with Niels Bohr who suggested it had something to do with zero-point energy, Casimir alone formulated the theory predicting a force between neutral conducting plates in 1948 ; the former is called the Casimir-Polder force while the latter is the Casimir effect in the narrow sense.
( This division of Crown Poland into two entities called Greater and Lesser Poland had its roots in the Statutes of Casimir the Great of 1346 – 1362, where the laws of " Greater Poland " – the northern part of the country – were codified in the Piotrków statute, with those of " Lesser Poland " in the separate Wiślica statute.
In the hereditary lands Brandenburg-Ansbach in Franconia, where with his older brother Casimir of Brandenburg-Kulmbach he had assumed the regency in place of their father, he encountered greater difficulties, although the popular spirit was inclined toward the Reformation.
This was followed by a collapse of the monarchy and restoration under Casimir I. Casimir's son Bolesław II the Bold became fatally involved in a conflict with the ecclesiastical authority, and was expelled from the country.
In the Baltic Sea region, Poland's struggle with the Teutonic Knights continued and included the Battle of Grunwald ( German: Battle of Tannenberg ; Lithuanian: Battle of Žalgiris ) ( 1410 ) and in 1466 the milestone Peace of Thorn under King Casimir IV Jagiellon ; the treaty created the future Duchy of Prussia.
Emperor Sigismund himself was an heir of Casimir III, as eldest son of his mother Elisabeth of Pomerania, who was since 1377 the only surviving child of Elisabeth of Poland, herself daughter of Casimir III from his first marriage with Aldona Gediminaite of Lithuania.
During the reign of Casimir I the Restorer, Kraków for the first time became the capital of Poland ( around 1040 ), since Greater Poland and Silesia, with main Polish urban centers, such as Gniezno and Poznań were ravaged by Duke Bretislaus I of Bohemia.
Quantum effects such as the Casimir effect cannot violate the averaged null energy condition in any neighborhood of space with zero curvature, but calculations in semiclassical gravity suggest that quantum effects may be able to violate this condition in curved spacetime.
* Casimir III of Poland build a masonry castle in Lublin and encircles the city with defensive walls.
The invasion concluded with the capture of Fort Casimir ( New Castle, Delaware ) in October 1664.
His father tried to arrange a marriage with a daughter of Emperor Frederick III, but Casimir preferred to remain single.
St. Casimir lived and reigned with great dignity and possessed great charm and character.
Louis released Holland and Hainaut for his brothers William I and Albert I in 1349, since he expected to acquire the Polish crown by his marriage with Cunigunde of Poland, a daughter of Casimir III and Aldona Ona of Lithuania.

Casimir and him
Mieszko II's only son and heir, Casimir I, was either expelled by this insurrection, or the insurrection was caused by the aristocracy's expulsion of him.
His father, King Casimir IV, had him educated well concerning public affairs and when his brother Władysław, became king of Bohemia, Casimir became crown prince and heir-apparent to the throne of Poland.
In 1471, while King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary led a campaign in Bohemia, the Hungarian nobility conspired against him and called the thirteen years old Casimir to the Kingdom, so he could take over and be crowned.
After initially escaping to Hungary, Casimir went to Germany, where in 1039 his relative the Emperor Henry III ( who feared the increased power of the Bohemian ruler ) gave him military and financial support.
Casimir also signed an alliance with Yaroslav I the Wise, the Prince of Kievan Rus ', who was linked with him through Casimir's marriage with Yaroslav's sister, Maria Dobronega.
in 1635 he might have served as a military adviser to John II Casimir Vasa, and possibly accompanied him to Vienna.
King John II Casimir Vasa would attempt to involve him in the unpopular plan of vivente rege-to bypass the traditions of the royal elections in Poland and instead chose the next successor to the Polish throne ( John II Casimir favored Louis, Grand Condé ) still during the life of the previous king.
Many members of the Polish nobility, including Deputy Chancellor of the Crown Hieronim Radziejowski and Grand Treasurer of the Crown Bogusław Leszczyński, regarded John Casimir as a weak king or as a " Jesuit-King "; for this or for personal reasons ( i. e. Leszczyński was Protestant and Radziejowski was an old enemy of the Polish King who had banished him from Poland to exile in Sweden ), they encouraged Charles Gustav to claim the Polish crown.
Casimir Gzowski Park, on Toronto's waterfront, commemorates him.
The death of his older brothers, Leszek and Casimir, in August and October 1131, respectively, left him as the eldest son of their parents.
Despite now he had his own district, Bolesław didn't pursue a foreign policy, who continue under the hands of his brother, a fact revealed during the dispute with Duke Casimir I of Kuyavia for the possession of Ladzka, who was given to him by Henry II the Pious as a dowry of his daughter Constance-Casimir I's second wife -; this decision wasn't recognized by Władysław Odonic's sons, but eventually they reconciled and even signed and an alliance with the Kuyavian Duke, which effectively ended with any attempt to change the ownership of the disputed land.
After grandfather's death in 1370, young Casimir initially became his partial successor, as the last will gave him lands of Dobrzyń, Bydgoszcz, Kruszwica, Złotów and Wałcz.
On 27 March 1335, King Casimir III of Poland ( Kazimierz in Polish ) declared the two western settlements to be a new city named " Casimiria " ( later “ Kazimierz ”) after him.
After fighting alongside with the Swedish army in 1656, most prominently in the Battle of Warsaw, Hohenzollern Frederick William I was willing to abandon his ally when the war had turned against them, and signalled his willingness to change sides if Polish king John II Casimir Vasa would grant him similar privileges as previously the Swedish king Charles X Gustav-these conditions were negotiated in Wehlau ( Welawa, now Znamensk ) and Bromberg ( Bygost, Bydgoszcz ).
In late 1648 the newly elected king John II Casimir Vasa who had no plans for the war with Ottomans advised him to return to the Netherlands and publish his studies there.
According to Hrushevski John Casimir II sent him a letter in which he informed the Cossack leader about his election and assured him tht he would grant Cossacks and all of the Orthodox faith various privileges.
She came to Poland at the age of five years as a lady in waiting to Marie Louise Gonzaga, the French-born Queen of Poland from 1645 to 1672, wife and consort to two Polish kings — Władysław IV Vasa and later his brother ( who succeeded him ) John II Casimir Vasa.
That same year, Louis XIV of France offered him a position at the Académie Royale and John II Casimir of Poland offered Viviani a post as his astronomer.

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