Casimir is known as the Restorer because he managed to reunite all parts of the Polish Kingdom after a period of turmoil.

With this support, Casimir returned to Poland and managed to retake most of his domain.

Exploiting the hurt religious feelings of the Roman Catholic population under Protestant occupation and organizing Polish – Lithuanian military leaders in the Tyszowce Confederation, John II Casimir Vasa managed to regain ground in 1656.

Casimir III died in 1372 during a siege of Königsberg ( Neumark ), after he had managed to receive an empirial approval of his Uckermark possessions in 1370.

According to the Annales Cracovienses Compilati, this event took place in 1136 ; since it can be assumed that the Polish princess was younger than her betrothed, and also are known the birth dates of the youngest children of Bolesław III ( Agnes in 1137 and Casimir in 1138 ), Judith in consequence could have been born between 1130 and 1135.

The towns of Kvėdarna and Nemunaitis in Lithuania have Saint Casimir depicted on their Coat of Arms.

The development of the Barnes Industrial Park, Casimir Pulaski Industrial Park, Wharton Brook Industrial Park, and the South Turnpike Road area have greatly contributed to this transition.

These measurements have been used to measure nanoscale contacts, atomic bonding, Van der Waals forces, and Casimir forces, dissolution forces in liquids and single molecule stretching and rupture forces.

in 1635 he might have served as a military adviser to John II Casimir Vasa, and possibly accompanied him to Vienna.

Besides the books which have been already mentioned he wrote: Organization in Daily Life, an Essay ( 1862 ), Casimir Maremma ( 1870 ), Brevia, Short Essays and Aphorisms ( 1871 ), Thoughts upon Government ( 1872 ), Life and Labors of Mr Thomas Brassey ( 1872 ), Iras de Biron ( 1874 ), Social Pressure ( 1875 ).

During the reign of Casimir III, many expelled German Jews from the Holy Roman Empire immigrated to the town, which grew to have one of the largest Jewish settlements in the kingdom.

Scientists have discovered a way of levitating ultra small objects by manipulating the so-called Casimir force, which normally causes objects to stick together due to forces predicted by quantum field theory.

The Casimir operator condition says that some Laplacians have F as eigenfunction ; this ensures that F has excellent analytic properties, but whether it is actually a complex-analytic function depends on the particular case.

King Casimir III ( 1310 – 1370 ) is known to have held court under Bartek.

Several Polish kings have borne this name, including Casimir III the Great and Saint Casimir, a patron saint of Poland and Lithuania.

To achieve this, the rumor was even spread that the charter claimed to have been granted to the Jews by Casimir III was a forgery, as a Catholic ruler would never have granted full civil rights to " unbelievers.

The original privileges are lost, but they have been mentioned and affirmed by King John II Casimir in 1658.

Towards the end of the 17th century, the Church of St. Anne was built as was the Church of St. Casimir the Prince, known for its catacombs.

Louis released Holland and Hainaut for his brothers William I and Albert I in 1349, since he expected to acquire the Polish crown by his marriage with Cunigunde of Poland, a daughter of Casimir III and Aldona Ona of Lithuania.

The importance of the marriage was attested by the fact that Casimir abandoned his earlier plans to marry Jutta of Bohemia.

It was later revised and enlarged by Sirmond, Labbeus, and Casimir Oudin.

The Polish forces consisted of the mercenaries hired by the Polish king, Casimir IV the Jagiellon and the Hanseatic city of Danzig ( Gdańsk ).

The Battle of Berestechko (; ) was fought between the Ukrainian Cossacks, led by Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, aided by their Crimean Tatar allies, and a Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth army under King John II Casimir.

King Casimir continued living with Christine despite complaints by Pope Innocent VI on behalf of Queen Adelaide.

Casimir also had three illegitimate sons by his mistress Cudka, wife of a castellan.

Casimir's full title was: Casimir by the grace of God king of Poland, lord and heir of the land of Kraków, Sandomierz, Sieradz, Łęczyca, Kuyavia, Pomerania ( Pomerelia ) and Ruthenia.

File: Kazimierz III sarcophagus figure. jpg | Effigy of Casimir from his own tomb erected by his nephew around 1371

File: Casimir III the Great. PNG | Kazimierz the Great, by Marcello Bacciarelli

It was not until 1997, however, that a direct experiment, by S. Lamoreaux, described above, quantitatively measured the force ( to within 15 % of the value predicted by the theory ), although previous work van Blockland and Overbeek ( 1978 ) had observed the force qualitatively, and indirect validation of the predicted Casimir energy had been made by measuring the thickness of liquid Helium films by Sabisky and Anderson in 1972.

The Casimir effect can be understood by the idea that the presence of conducting metals and dielectrics alters the vacuum expectation value of the energy of the second quantized electromagnetic field.

A new theory has been proposed that Modifies inertia by assuming it is due to Unruh radiation subject to a Hubble scale Casimir effect ( MiHsC, or quantised inertia ).

On 14 February 1479 at Frankfurt ( Oder ) he was married to Sophia of Poland ( 6 April 1464-5 October 1512 ), daughter of King Casimir IV of Poland by his wife Elisabeth of Habsburg, and sister of King Sigismund I of Poland.

In an attempt to guide the political system's transformation to multiparty democracy, Bongo resigned as PDG chairman and created a transitional government headed by a new Prime Minister, Casimir Oyé-Mba.

In an attempt to guide the political system's transformation to multi-party democracy, Bongo resigned as PDG chairman and created a transitional government headed by a new Prime Minister, Casimir Oye-Mba.

Poznań and Gniezno were early centres of royal power, but following devastation of the region by pagan rebellion in the 1030s, and the invasion of Bretislaus I of Bohemia in 1038, the capital was moved by Casimir the Restorer from Gniezno to Kraków.

This was followed by a collapse of the monarchy and restoration under Casimir I. Casimir's son Bolesław II the Bold became fatally involved in a conflict with the ecclesiastical authority, and was expelled from the country.

The Kingdom was restored under Władysław I the Elbow-high, strengthened and expanded by his son Casimir III the Great.

The government became ineffective because of large scale internal conflicts ( e. g. Lubomirski's Rokosz against John II Casimir and rebellious confederations ), corrupted legislative processes and manipulation by foreign interests.

On June 11, 1948, Pope Pius XII named Saint Casimir the special patron of all youth.

With the insertion in 1621 on the same date of the feast of Saint Casimir, the celebration of Pope Lucius was reduced to a commemoration with Saint Casimir's Mass.

However, when Tüngen died in 1489, the chapter elected Lucas Watzenrode as bishop and Pope Innocent VIII supported Watzenrode against the wishes of Casimir IV Jagiellon, who preferred his son Frederic.

Nevertheless, the relations with Poland improved upon the accession of King Casimir III the Great in 1333 and the election of well-disposed Pope Benedict XII the next year.