However, the question of when the Pentateuch was finally written does not affect any element of Cassuto's radical critique of the dominant theories about its actual make-up, which was his chief concern, and so he treats the historical question only at the end and as a secondary issue in The Documentary Hypothesis.

Cassuto's refutations above all rather devastatingly demonstrated that the supposed terminological, grammatical and stylistic traits indicative of separate documents actually were common in Hebrew language and literature and were shared with other Biblical and post-Biblical Jewish literature whose unity no-one supposed to be multiple, including liturgical, midrashic, medieval and even modern Jewish religious writing, and even more strongly that precisely the supposed divergencies, stylistic, grammatical, theoretical and theological, within the narrative, when analyzed in context and in connection not only with cognate literatures in the ancient Near East but especially with similar passages elsewhere in Biblical literature, all served an easily demonstrated and consistent common purpose whose unity and thrust tended to be qualified or to be denied altogether under the application of the Documentary Hypothesis, thereby weakening our understanding of Biblical literature and worldview generally.

To sever the universal God of nature that is according to the Pentateuch also known in other cultures behind their varying cults, from the personal God of history revealed at Sinai to Israel, as the Documentary Hypothesis implicitly does, is to distort one of the fundamental messages of the Pentateuch and Israelite religion itself, and Cassuto's remarks on the interplay of universalism and revelation within the text are particularly illuminating.

An example of Cassuto's style of argument can be seen in his discussion of the divine names-one of the main criteria by which the documentary hypothesis distinguishes between separate sources-where he argued that Yahweh and Elohim are each consistently employed within a particular context and for a specific purpose, " Yahweh " signifying the personal God of revelation and Israel and " Elohim " the more impersonal God of nature and the world: to construe the two names as evidence of two authors was, according to Cassuto, to ignore the overwhelming evidence of Jewish literature itself on this matter.

For two hundred years prior to Cassuto's works, the origin of the five books of Moses ( the Torah ) had been one of the most-argued subjects in biblical scholarship.

Cassuto's criticisms, while influential amongst many Jewish scholars, were dismissed by the overwhelming majority of Christian scholars at the time.

* Documentary Hypothesis

The anachronism of Noah's distinguishing between " clean " animals ( seven of each ) and " unclean " animals ( two of each ) when loading the animals onto the ark, which was only established under the later Law of Moses, supports the Documentary Hypothesis which posits that the authors of the Bible retroactively applied laws to older myths to tie them into a unified religion Judaism.

According to proponents of the Documentary Hypothesis, the Elohist ( E ) document uses " Eleazar " as the name of the son of Moses ( ref.

It should be added that Cassuto insisted throughout this work that it was merely a summary, in eight lectures, of his much more detailed and thorough examination of the Documentary Hypothesis in his La Questione della Genesi ( 1934 ).

The Documentary Hypothesis and the Composition of the Pentateuch offers itself as an elegantly phrased examination of the " five pillars " of the Documentary Hypothesis: 1, the claim that the use of the divine names Yahweh and Elohim testified to at least two different authors and two entirely distinct source documents ; 2, the claim that each literary style and distinctive grammatical usage found in the Pentateuch must be viewed as the product of a different writer and distinct " document "; 3, the claim that there were different world-views, theologies and ethics in each of the hypothesized documents, each independent and not complementary to each other, proving their different authorship and provenance ; 4, the claim that the existence of repetitions and even seeming contradictions proved there were different documents cut-and-pasted into the text, sometimes even as bits and pieces within single sentences ; and 5, the claim that descriptive passages can be analyzed into composite narratives drawing upon overlapping but different documents.

To buttress this internal analysis, Cassuto also pointed out quite justly at the time that the adherents of the Documentary Hypothesis tended to ignore or misinterpret the cognate literatures and archaeological evidence and were, in addition, insufficiently self-aware of cultural tendencies in modern thought that produced identical formal results also in other unrelated areas, e. g., in Homeric Studies.

In short, the credence given the Documentary Hypothesis served extraneous cultural tendencies and biases.

According to Cassuto, then, each of the " five pillars " of the Documentary Hypothesis crumbles to dust when approached more closely and " touched.

" In his last chapter, Cassuto counters the claim that while the individual pillars may be weak, the Documentary Hypothesis is sustained by the common thrust of them all.

Although each of the " five pillars " receives its own chapter or even two chapters of consideration, the relatively brief eight lectures of The Documentary Hypothesis can only present a few choice and representative instances to buttress each of the major points Cassuto makes, selected from amongst the parade examples used by advocates of the DH to substantiate their case.

The Documentary Hypothesis was intended only as a more accessible overview drawn from that earlier work.

Most who do cite Cassuto in this connection do not actually take up his assertions and attempt to refute them but merely add the title of The Documentary Hypothesis to their footnotes listings .< ref > Cf.

Jacobs was especially concerned with how to reconcile modern day Orthodox Jewish faith with the Documentary Hypothesis.

In these chapters Jacobs took on discussion of ‘ Modern Criticism ’ of the Bible, more specifically textual analysis of the Torah known as the ‘ Documentary Hypothesis ’, which suggests that its texts derives from multiple sources, rather than having been given, as Orthodox Rabbinical traditions have it, complete in its present form by God to Moses during the period beginning on Mount Sinai and ending with Moses's death.

He is aware that ‘ to talk about ‘ reconciling ’ the Maimonidean idea and the Documentary Hypothesis is futile, for you cannot reconcile two contradictory theories.

He concludes that, even if the Documentary Hypothesis is partly ( or even entirely ) correct,

* Documentary Hypothesis

He is cited by conservative Christians for his work against the Documentary Hypothesis ( which claims that the Pentateuch is a composite work dating from the 1st millennium BC and is considered accurate by many scholars ).

He is perhaps best known for his Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels of 1883 ( first published 1878 as Geschichte Israels ), in which he advanced a definitive formulation of the Documentary hypothesis, arguing that the Torah or Pentateuch had its origins in a redaction of four originally independent texts dating from several centuries after the time of Moses, their traditional author.

This in turn amounted to a major challenge to the Documentary Hypothesis, the dominant theory concerning the origins of the Pentateuch.

At the time Van Seters published " Abraham in History and Tradition " the dominant scholarly theory regarding the composition of the Pentateuch was the Documentary Hypothesis.

Shaddai thus being associated in tradition with Abraham, the inclusion of the Abraham stories into the Hebrew Bible may have brought the northern name with them, according to the Documentary hypothesis of the origins of the Hebrew Bible.

Documentary evidence shows the gradual shift from Hebrew to Aramaic:

The Columbia Documentary History of American Women Since 1941 ( 2007 )

; ISO 12757-2: 1998: Ball point pens and refills – Part 2: Documentary use ( DOC )

; ISO 14145-2: 1998: Roller ball pens and refills – Part 2: Documentary use ( DOC )

Documentary diary ; an informal history of the British documentary film, 1928-1939, New York: Hill and Wang

; Documentary films

* Arndt, Karl J. R. Economy on the Ohio, 1826 – 1834: The Harmony Society During the Period of its Greatest Power and Influence and its Messianic Crisis ; George Rapp's Third Harmony: A Documentary History.

* Arndt, Karl J. R. George Rapp's Separatists, 1700 – 1803: The German Prelude to Rapp's American Harmony Society ; A Documentary History.

; Documentary

; Other: Messianic democracy, Peace and Truce of God, 9 / 11 conspiracy theories, Pan Sahel Initiative, American Dream, Global Nightmare, Documentary film Pax Americana and the Weaponization of Space

FDR, Harry Hopkins, and the civil works administration ( LexisNexis, 2006 ) 679 pages ; vol 30. of the Documentary History of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Administration

*" Looking for Mr Gill " BBC Storyville Documentary on Eric Gill ; filmed and directed by Luke Holland

The city has been a tourist mecca for generations due to the thermal waters and attractions such as Oaklawn Park, a thoroughbred racing facility ; Magic Springs and Crystal Falls theme parks ; a fine arts community that has earned the city the No. 4 position among “ America ’ s Top 100 Small Arts Towns ”; the Hot Springs Music Festival ; and the Hot Springs Documentary Film Festival, held each October at the historic Malco Theater, one of the top documentary festivals in the world, attracting numerous Academy Award-winning films and producers.

; c. 450 BC: Documentary hypothesis suggests that the five books were created by combining the four originally independent sources

Educated at Harvard, Harris co-directed the short The Redwoods for the Sierra Club with Trevor Greenwood ; the short won the 1967 Academy Award for Documentary Short Subject.

Spike Lee condemned the second half of the film as propaganda for the state of Israel ; nonetheless the film won an Oscar in 1997 for Best Documentary.

* Boston Society of Film Critics: BSFC Award, Best Documentary ; 1983.

* British Academy Film Awards: Flaherty Documentary Award, Kevin Rafferty, Jayne Loader and Pierce Rafferty ; 1983.

The film appeared in several film festivals including South by Southwest, the Atlanta Film and Video Festival, Boston Film Festival, and Denver International Film Festival ; it won Best Documentary at both the Savannah Film and Video Festival and the Kudzu Film Festival.

; Documentary DVD

In the Wings for Wheels Documentary, Springsteen revealed that Van Zandt was partially responsible for the signature guitar line in Born to Run ; " Arguably Steve's greatest contribution to my music.

*» You enter Germany: Bloody Huertgen and the Siegfried Line « – Documentary by Achim Konejung and Aribert Weis ; 2007

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