And, after becoming the right-hand man of Enver Pasha, he is sent by the latter to pave the way for a new Turkish Empire embracing `` the union of all Turks throughout Central Asia from Adrianople to the Chinese oases on the Silk Trade Route ''.

Central Asia is sunk in a somnolence from which nothing can awaken it ; ;

Caecilians are found in tropical Africa, Asia and Central and South America.

Afghanistan ( Persian / Pashto:, Afġānistān ), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country forming part of South Asia, Central Asia, and to some extent Western Asia.

Sitting at an important geostrategic location that connects the Middle East culture with Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent ,< ref name = BBC-country-profile >

These languages are spoken in a wide arc stretching from northeast Asia through Central Asia to Anatolia and eastern Europe ( Turks, Kalmyks ).

The group is named after the Altai Mountains, a mountain range in Central Asia.

In the 10 years following the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, the Seljuk Turks from Central Asia established themselves over large areas of Anatolia, with particular concentrations around the north western rim.

These provinces may take the form of national churches ( such as in Canada, Uganda, or Japan ) or a collection of nations ( such as the West Indies, Central Africa, or Southeast Asia ).

They are especially numerous in tropical and subtropical regions ( notably Central America, eastern Brazil, the Andes, the Mediterranean, southern Africa, central Asia, and southwestern China ).

The Aramaic alphabet is historically significant, since virtually all modern Middle Eastern writing systems use a script that can be traced back to it, as well as numerous non-Chinese writing systems of Central and East Asia.

In general, the alphabets of the Mediterranean region ( Anatolia, Greece, Italy ) are classified as Phoenician-derived, adapted from around the 8th century BCE, while those of the East ( the Levant, Persia, Central Asia and India ) are considered Aramaic-derived, adapted from around the 6th century BCE from the Imperial Aramaic script of the Achaemenid Empire.

These scripts formed the basis of the historical scripts of Central Asia, such as the Sogdian and Mongolian alphabets.

MtDNA Haplogroup D is found frequently throughout East Asia and Central Asia, and is also common in some populations of North Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Americas ; in addition, it has been found with low frequency in some populations of Europe and Southwest Asia.

MtDNA Haplogroup G has been found most frequently among indigenous populations of easternmost Siberia, but it is also common among some populations of East Asia, Central Asia, the Altai-Sayan region of southern Siberia, and the sub-Himalayan region.

The Chauhan dynasty ruled Ajmer in spite of repeated invasions by Turkic marauders from Central Asia across the north of India.

Out of the Samanid dynasty came the Ghaznavids, whose warriors forged the first great Islamic empire from Ghazni ( Afghanistan ) that spanned much of the Iranian plateau, Central Asia and conducted many successful raids into India.

* Toman: The new currency that is proposed by the Central Bank of Iran which would replace the Iranian Rial by slashing four zeros off the country's national currency.

During pre-Islamic and early Islamic times, Central Asia was a predominantly Iranian region that included the sedentary Eastern Iranic speaking Bactrians, Sogdians and Chorasmians, and the semi-nomadic Scythians and Alans.

Cavalry techniques were an innovation of equestrian nomads of the Central Asian and Iranian steppe and pastoralist tribes such as the Persian Parthians and Sarmatians.

He therefore authorized the Central Intelligence Agency to help the Iranian army overthrow Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh.

The Avesta is believed to have been composed possibly as early as 1800 BC and written in ancient Ariana ( Aryana ), the earliest name of Afghanistan which indicates an early link with today's Iranian tribes to the west, or adjacent regions in Central Asia or northeastern Iran in the 6th century BC .< ref >

From southern Scandinavia and northern Germany, the tribes began expanding south, east and west in the 1st century BC, coming into contact with the Celtic tribes of Gaul, as well as Iranian, Baltic, and Slavic tribes in Central Europe.

Another ancient library from this period which is still operational and expanding is the Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi in the Iranian city of Mashhad, which has been operating for more than six centuries.

The Iranian tradition was also passed on to Central Asian countries, including Kazakhs, Uzbeks and Uighurs, and there is known as Nauryz.

Bomhard ( 2008 ) suggests a differentiation of Proto-Nostratic by 8, 000 BCE, the beginning of the Neolithic Revolution in the Levant, over a territory spanning the entire Fertile Crescent and beyond into the Caucasus ( Proto-Kartvelian ), Egypt and along the Red Sea to the Horn of Africa ( Proto-Afroasiatic ), the Iranian Plateau ( Proto-Elamo-Dravidian ) and into Central Asia ( Proto-Eurasiatic, to be further subdivided by 5, 000 BCE into Proto-Indo-European, Proto-Uralic and Proto-Altaic ).

Pakistan geologically overlaps both with the Indian and the Eurasian tectonic plates where its Sindh and Punjab provinces lie on the north-western corner of the Indian plate while Balochistan and most of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa lie within the Eurasian plate which mainly comprises the Iranian plateau, some parts of the Middle East and Central Asia.

Balochistan is located at the eastern edge of the Iranian plateau and in the border region between Southwest, Central, and South Asia.

In particular, they are descended from ancient Eastern Iranian peoples of Central Asia, such as the Soghdians and the Bactrians, with an admixture of Western Iranian Persians as well as non-Iranian peoples.

In the first millennium BC, Iranian nomads established irrigation systems along the rivers of Central Asia and built towns at Bukhoro and Samarqand.

The first people known to have occupied Central Asia were Iranian nomads who arrived from the northern grasslands of what is now Kazakhstan sometime in the first millennium BC.

These nomads, who spoke Iranian dialects, settled in Central Asia and began to build an extensive irrigation system along the rivers of the region.

Towards the close of the millennium, the Han Dynasty extends Chinese power towards Central Asia, where it borders on Indo-Greek and Iranian states.

Dari, spoken in Afghanistan, should not be confused with Dari or Gabri of Iran, a language of the Central Iranian sub-group, spoken in some Zoroastrian communities.

Iranian languages have been and are still widely used in Central Asia both by native speakers and as trade languages.

The descendants of the Alans, who live in the autonomous republics of Russia and Georgia, speak the Ossetic language which belongs to the Northeastern Iranian language group and is the only remnant of the Scytho-Sarmatian dialect continuum, which once stretched over much of the Pontic steppe and Central Asia.

The Scythians were a group of north Iranian nomadic tribes, speaking a Indo-Iranian language who had invaded Media, killed Cyrus in battle, revolted against Darius and threatened to disrupt trade between Central Asia and the shores of the Black Sea as they lived between the Danube river, river Don and the Black Sea.

The Scythians ( or ; from Greek ), or Scyths, were an Iranian nomadic people living in Scythia, the region encompassing the Pontic-Caspian steppe ( in Eastern Europe ) and parts of Central Asia throughout the Classical Antiquity.

According to the Central Bank of Iran in 2012, in 22. 5 per cent of Iranian families, all family members were unemployed.

* Richard Nelson Frye ( b. 1920 ), scholar of Iranian and Central Asian Studies.

Stretching inland from the Aegean coastal plain, the Central Anatolian plateau occupies the area between the two zones of the folded coastal ranges in the north and south, extending east to the point where the two ranges converge.

* Central Anatolian deciduous forests: These forests of deciduous oaks and evergreen pines cover the plateau of central Anatolia.

The province's mainland away from the coastal regions is not as moderated by the Pacific Ocean and ranges from desert and semi-arid plateau to the range and canyon districts of the Central and Southern Interior to boreal forest and sub-arctic prairie in the Northern Interior.

The vast, low-lying central area is a basin-shaped plateau sloping toward the west, covered by tropical rainforest and criss-crossed by rivers, a large area of this has been categorised by the World Wildlife Fund as the Central Congolian lowland forests ecoregion.

The majority of Spain's peninsular region consists of the Meseta Central, a highland plateau rimmed and dissected by mountain ranges.

The Meseta Central (" Inner Plateau ") is a vast plateau in the heart of peninsular Spain, has elevations that range from 610 to 760 m. Rimmed by mountains, the Meseta Central slopes gently to the west and to the series of rivers that form some of the border with Portugal.

Most major rivers rise in the mountains rimming or dissecting the Meseta Central and flow westward across the plateau through Portugal to empty into the Atlantic Ocean.

Central Tanzania comprises a large plateau, with plains and arable land.

Within the southern portion of Vietnam is a plateau known as the Central Highlands ( Tây Nguyên ), approximately 51, 800 square kilometers of rugged mountain peaks, extensive forests, and rich soil.

Castile and León is roughly coterminous with the Spanish part of the Douro River basin, on the northern half of the Meseta Central, a vast plateau in the middle of the Iberian Peninsula.

The correction of the prevalent exaggerated estimate of the height of the Central Asian plateau, and the discovery of diamonds in the gold-washings of the Ural, a result which Humboldt's Brazilian experiences enabled him to predict, and by predicting to secure.

The Central sandstone plateau supports rich woodland flora communities dominated by species including Darwin Woolybutt and Darwin Stringybark, as well as banksias, grevilleas, terminalias and a wide variety of other woodland species.

Trading routes between Central Asia, China and the Near East passed through the oases on the plateau and these ancient Altai nomads profited from the rich trade and culture passing through.

The Central Basin plateau was settled in the late 1800s by immigrants of Russian-German ( Bessarabian ) ancestry who homesteaded in the area and farmed dryland wheat.

For example the cosmo-mythology of the peoples that remained on the Central Asian steppes and the Iranian plateau is to a great degree unlike that of the Indians, focussed more on groups of deities (* daiva and * asura ) and less on the divinities individually.

It is separated from Central Thailand by the Phetchabun mountain range and the Dong Phaya Yen mountains in the west, the Sankamphaeng Range in the southwest and by the Dongrek mountains in the south, all of which historically made access to the plateau difficult.

These early riding traditions, which were strongly tied to the ruling caste of nobility ( as only those of noble birth or caste could become cavalry warriors ), now spread throughout the Eurasian steppes and Iranian plateau from around 600 BC and onwards due to contact with the Median Empire's vast expanse across Central Asia, which was the native homeland of the early, north-eastern Iranian ethnic groups such as the Massagetae, Scythians, Sakas, and Dahae.

When discussing the evolution of the heavily armored horseman, it should be noted that it was not isolated to one focal point during a specific era ( such as the Iranian plateau ), but rather developed simultaneously in different parts of Central Asia ( especially among the peoples inhabiting the Silk Road ) as well as within the Iranian subcontinent.

Beginning in the Central Asian steppes, it eventually stretched from Eastern Europe to the Sea of Japan, covering large parts of Siberia in the north and extending southward into Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, the Iranian plateau, and the Middle East.

In spite of being called a " plateau ", it is far from flat but contains several mountain ranges, the highest peak being Damavand in the Alborz at 5610 m, and the Lut basin east of Kerman in Central Iran falling below 300 m.