Cesare Borgia (;, ; 13 September 1475 or April 1476 – 12 March 1507 ), Duke of Valentinois, was an Italian condottiero, nobleman, politician, and cardinal.

Stefano Infessura writes that Cardinal Borgia falsely claimed Cesare to be the legitimate son of another man — Domenico d ' Arignano, the nominal husband of Vannozza de ' Cattanei.

Profile portrait of Cesare Borgia in the Palazzo Venezia in Rome ca.

However, when his father died, and a rival to the Borgia family entered the Papal seat, Cesare was overthrown in a matter of months.

Machiavelli attributes two episodes to Cesare Borgia that were at least partially executed by his father: the method by which the Romagna was pacified, which Machiavelli describes in chapter VII of The Prince, and the assassination of his captains on New Year's Eve of 1503 in Senigallia.

Cesare Borgia briefly employed Leonardo da Vinci as military architect and engineer between 1502 and 1503.

Cesare Borgia had wanted to take over Mantua while Isabella d ' Este was ruling.

Cesare was also father to at least 11 illegitimate children, among them Girolamo Borgia, who married Isabella Contessa di Carpi, and Lucrezia Borgia, who, after Cesare's death, was moved to Ferrara to the court of her aunt, Lucrezia Borgia.

* The 1981 BBC series The Borgias, starring Oliver Cotton as Cesare Borgia.

* The 2011 Showtime series The Borgias, starring François Arnaud as Cesare Borgia.

* The 2011 Canal + series Borgia, starring Mark Ryder as Cesare Borgia.

* The 2009 CBBC series Horrible Histories, with Mathew Baynton playing Cesare Borgia in one of the sketches.

* Cesare and Lucrezia Borgia ( 2009 ) by Robert Lalonde

* Cesare Borgia by Sarah Bradford

* In Resident Evil ( video game ), a portrait of Cesare Borgia can be seen hanging in the dining room of the mansion.

Cesare Borgia is mentioned in the song " B. I. B. L. E.

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Historian Johann Burchard, a contemporary of Alexander VI, who lived in the Vatican, states about Cesare:

The current Prefect of the Vatican Apostolic Library is Monsignor Cesare Pasini ( who is also the Director of the Vatican School of Library Science ).

While granting that Cesare Borgia may have indeed given a feast at the Vatican, de Roo attempts, through exhaustive research, to refute the notion that the Borgias-certainly not the pope-could have possibly participated in " a scene truly bestial " such as Burchard describes, on grounds that it would be inconsistent with:

* Prefect of the Vatican Apostolic Library: Cesare Pasini ( 2007-)

It was one of the villages liberated by the Italian Libertarian Communist Insurrection of 1877 by Errico Malatesta, Carlo Cafiero, Pietro Cesare Ceccarelli, the Russian Stepniak and 30 other comrades.

In the early Renaissance his doctrine of the soul's mortality was adopted by Pietro Pomponazzi ( against the Thomists and the Averroists ), and by his successor Cesare Cremonini.

Earth ( 1681 ) by Benoît Massou, a statue of the Grande Commande, with allegorical attributes inspired by Cesare Ripa | Cesare Ripa ’ s Iconologia.

When Cesare eventually took power, he was viewed by the citizens as a great improvement.

Cesare was appointed commander of the papal armies with a number of Italian mercenaries, supported by 300 cavalry and 4, 000 Swiss infantry sent by the King of France.

Hired by Florence, Cesare subsequently added the lordship of Piombino to his new lands.

While his condottieri took over the siege of Piombino ( which ended in 1502 ), Cesare commanded the French troops in the sieges of Naples and Capua, defended by Prospero and Fabrizio Colonna.

Cesare called for a reconciliation, but imprisoned his condottieri in Senigallia, a feat described as a " wonderful deceiving " by Paolo Giovio, and had them executed.

* Cesare by Fuyumi Soryo ( manga )

This has been described as a psychiatric redefinition of Cesare Lombroso's theories of the ' born criminal ', conceptualised as a ' moral defect ', though Kraepelin stressed it was not yet possible to recognise them by physical characteristics.

* The Last Days of Papal Rome by Raffaele De Cesare ( 1909 ) London, Archibald Constable & Co.

The libretto, a version of Pierre Beaumarchais ' stage play Le Barbier de Séville, was newly written by Cesare Sterbini and not the same as that already used by Giovanni Paisiello in his own Barbiere, an opera which had enjoyed European popularity for more than a quarter of a century.

In the 16th century Sixtus V bisected Bramante's Cortile del Belvedere with a cross-wing to house the Apostolic Library in suitable magnificence. The 16th and 17th centuries saw other privately endowed libraries assembled in Rome: the Vallicelliana, formed from the books of Saint Filippo Neri, with other distinguished libraries such as that of Cesare Baronio, the Biblioteca Angelica founded by the Augustinian Angelo Rocca, which was the only truly public library in Counter-Reformation Rome ; the Biblioteca Alessandrina with which Pope Alexander VII endowed the University of Rome ; the Biblioteca Casanatense of the Cardinal Girolamo Casanate ; and finally the Biblioteca Corsiniana founded by the bibliophile Clement XII Corsini and his nephew Cardinal Neri Corsini, still housed in Palazzo Corsini in via della Lungara. The Republic of Venice patronized the foundation of the Biblioteca Marciana, based on the library of Cardinal Basilios Bessarion. In Milan Cardinal Federico Borromeo founded the Biblioteca Ambrosiana.

* La voce ( 1981 ) ( to a text by Cesare Pavese ) for cello and voice

* 1838 – Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Italian patriot and writer ( d. 1910 )

* November 6 – Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Italian patriot and writer ( b. 1838 )

* October 6 – Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Italian patriot and writer ( d. 1910 )

The neorealist style was developed by a circle of film critics that revolved around the magazine Cinema, including Luchino Visconti, Gianni Puccini, Cesare Zavattini, Giuseppe De Santis and Pietro Ingrao.

Their abundant inter-war Italian counterparts included, among others, Carlo Galeffi, Giuseppe Danise, Enrico Molinari, Umberto Urbano, Cesare Formichi, Luigi Montesanto, Apollo Granforte, Benvenuto Franci, Renato Zanelli ( who switched to tenor roles in 1924 ), Mario Basiola, Giovanni Inghilleri, Carlo Morelli ( the Chilean-born younger brother of Renato Zanelli ) and Carlo Tagliabue.

During the long interval he recomposed his cabinet four times, first throwing out Giuseppe Zanardelli and Alfredo Baccarini in order to please the Right, and subsequently bestowing portfolios upon Cesare Ricotti-Magnani, Robilant and other Conservatives, so as to complete the political process known as trasformismo.

Morlacchi's was to the older Giuseppe Petrosellini libretto, whereas Rossini's was to the newer libretto by Cesare Sterbini.

After many Nisseni had taken part in his Mille's (" the Thousand's ") deeds, Giuseppe Garibaldi entered the city, together with Cesare Abba and Alexandre Dumas, père.

Among the famous singers who have partnered her were Eberhard Wächter, Jean Madeira, Giuseppe di Stefano, Alfredo Kraus, George London, Walter Berry, Rudolf Christ, Renate Holm, Boris Christoff, Anton Dermota, Otto Edelmann, Cesare Siepi, Giuseppe Taddei, Ettore Bastianini, Luciano Pavarotti, Aldo Protti, Simon Estes, Hilde Gueden, Johannes Heesters, Sena Jurinac, Waldemar Kmentt, Peter Schreier, Gottlob Frick, Paul Schöffler, Erich Kunz, Christa Ludwig, Julius Patzak, Murray Dickie, Luigi Alva, Helge Rosvaenge, Rudolf Schock, Birgit Nilsson, Teresa Stich-Randall, Gwyneth Jones, Otto Wiener, Heinz Holecek and Giuseppe Zampieri.

Among dialect writers, the great Roman poet Giuseppe Gioacchino Belli found numerous successors, such as Renato Fucini ( Pisa ) and Cesare Pascarella ( Rome ).

The Socialists who did not align with the other parties organized themselves in two groups: the Italian Socialists ( SI ) of Enrico Boselli, Ottaviano Del Turco, Roberto Villetti, Riccardo Nencini, Cesare Marini and Maria Rosaria Manieri, who decided to be autonomous from the PDS, and the Labour Federation ( FL ) of Valdo Spini, Antonio Ruberti, Giorgio Ruffolo, Giuseppe Pericu, Carlo Carli and Rosario Olivo, who entered in close alliance with it.

Its roster of artists included Maria Callas, Renata Tebaldi, Lina Pagliughi, Ebe Stignani, Carlo Bergonzi, Galliano Masini, Giovanni Malipiero, Ferruccio Tagliavini, Carlo Tagliabue, Rolando Panerai, Giuseppe Taddei, Tancredi Pasero and Cesare Siepi, among other leading sopranos, tenors, mezzo-sopranos, baritones and basses.

Giuseppe Cesare Abba

Giuseppe Cesare Abba ( October 6, 1838 – November 6, 1910 ) was an Italian patriot and writer.

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* Party Leader in the Senate: Giuseppe Chiarante ( 1992 – 1994 ), Cesare Salvi ( 1994 – 1998 )