Like nearly all aspects of Cesare Borgia's life, the date of his birth is a subject of dispute.

In 1320 Robert of Anjou and his wife Sancia visited the island and were hosted by Cesare Sterlich, who had been sent by Charles II from the Holy See to govern the island in 1306 and was by this time nearly 100 years of age.

Despite their rivalry, nearly every ballet staged by Petipa and Saint-Léon during the 1860s was set to the music of Cesare Pugni.

Cesare is also a very disciplined man ; even though he sleeps with her, Sancia's seductive appeal does not allow her to manipulate him like she has so many men.

Amid the disturbances consequent upon the death of the Borgia Pope Alexander VI ( 1492 – 1503 ), it took the combined pressures of all the ambassadors to induce Cesare Borgia to withdraw from Rome, so that an unpressured conclave might take place.

" The Italian Capuchin friar and former metal vocalist Cesare Bonizzi (" Fratello Metallo ") stated that there are " maybe " some satanic metal bands " but I think it's an act so that they sell more ," and went to add that " metal is the most energetic, vital, deep and true musical language that I know.

It took however some time before the authorities realized this and ordered Salamone to other duties even though his investigations had taken a completely different direction: Paolo Berlusconi ( Silvio's brother ) and Cesare Previti ( former minister ) were accused of a conspiracy against Di Pietro but the prosecutor who later replaced Salamone asked for their acquittance and so did the court.

When Cesare found out about Lucrezia ’ s pregnancy, he was so furious that he had the father of the child murdered.

Rossi was Jewish and so was his wife, Nora Lombroso ( granddaughter of anthropologist, Cesare Lombroso ), so they had to leave Italy and traveled to America with brief stays in Copenhagen, Denmark and Manchester, England.

During the long interval he recomposed his cabinet four times, first throwing out Giuseppe Zanardelli and Alfredo Baccarini in order to please the Right, and subsequently bestowing portfolios upon Cesare Ricotti-Magnani, Robilant and other Conservatives, so as to complete the political process known as trasformismo.

Cesare Balbo says that, if the happiness of the masses consists in peace without industry, if the nobility's consists in titles without power, if princes are satisfied by acquiescence in their rule without real independence, without sovereignty, if literary men and artists are content to write, paint and build with the approbation of their contemporaries, but to the contempt of posterity, if a whole nation is happy in ease without dignity and the tranquil progress of corruption, then no period ever was so happy for Italy as the 140 years from the Peace of Cateau Cambrésis to the War of the Spanish Succession.

On this occasion, Cesare Cantú, the famous Italian historian, addressed to the Bishop of Piacenza some memorable words of congratulation, asking leave to add to the bishop's blessing on the departing missionaries, " the prayers of an old man who admires a courage and an abnegation so full of humility.

" Mama " is a popular song first written in 1941 by Cesare Andrea Bixio with Italian lyrics by Bruno Cherubini under the title " Mamma son tanto felice " ( Mum, I am so happy ).

* February 24 – Battle of Pavia: Spanish forces under Charles de Lannoy and the Marquis of Pescara defeat the French army and capture Francis I of France, after his horse is wounded by Cesare Hercolani.

Francis, along with Jane, to whom he is now officially engaged, investigates Caligari and Cesare, which eventually results in Caligari's order for Cesare to murder Jane.

Francis and the asylum's other doctors send the authorities to Caligari's office, where Caligari reveals his lunacy only when told that his beloved slave Cesare has died ; Caligari is then imprisoned in his own asylum.

A twist ending reveals that Francis ' flashback, however, is actually his fantasy: he, Jane and Cesare are all in fact inmates of the insane asylum, and the man he says is Caligari is his asylum doctor, who, after this revelation of the source of his patient's delusion, says that now he will be able to cure Francis.

* Cesare Cuttica, Sir Francis Kynaston: The importance of the ‘ Nation ’ for a 17th-century English royalist, History of European Ideas, Volume 32, Issue 2, June 2006, Pages 139-161.

Though Spain and the Emperor Rudolf II encouraged Alfonso II's illegitimate cousin, Cesare d ' Este, to withstand the Pope, they were deterred from giving him any material aid by Henry IV's threats, and a papal army entered Ferrara almost unopposed.

Duke Cesare d ' Este hired Vecchi in 1598 to be his maestro di corte, i. e. the master of music at his court, and Vecchi accompanied him to Rome and Florence in 1600 ; while in Florence he heard Jacopo Peri's opera Euridice.

Besieged in 1408 during the confusion of the Papal Schism by the condottiere Braccio da Montone, and later heavily damaged by Cesare Borgia, Deruta was plundered by Braccio Baglioni, the master of Perugia.

The two friends visit a carnival in their German mountain village of Holstenwall, where they encounter the captivating Dr. Caligari ( Werner Krauss ) and a near-silent somnambulist, Cesare ( Conrad Veidt ), whom the doctor keeps asleep in a coffin-like cabinet, controls hypnotically, and is displaying as an attraction.

The original story made it clear that Caligari and Cesare were real and were responsible for a number of deaths.

* A central character by the name of Cesare, from the 1920 film The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari

He appeared in two of the best-known films of the silent era: as the murderous somnambulist Cesare in director Robert Wiene's The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari ( 1920 ) with Werner Krauss and Lil Dagover and as a disfigured circus performer in The Man Who Laughs ( 1928 ).

Although known mostly for his work under prosthetic makeup, such as the zombie Billy Butcherson in the Disney Halloween film Hocus Pocus, or the lead Spy Morlock in the 2002 remake of the 1960 film The Time Machine, he has also performed without prosthetics in such films as Adaptation, Mystery Men and Batman Returns, and indie projects such as Stefan Haves ' Stalled, AntiKaiser Productions ' Three Lives, Phil Donlon's A Series of Small Things and as Cesare in David Fisher's 2005 remake of the 1920 silent classic The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari.

* Anna Quayle as Frau Hoffner – Frau Hoffner is Mata Hari's teacher, portrayed as a parody of Cesare in the German Expressionist film The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari ( her school is modelled on the film's expressionist decor ).

Her recent performances include roles of La Cieca in La Gioconda, Bertarido in Handel's Rodelinda, the title role in Rossini's Tancredi, the title role in Handel's Giulio Cesare, Isabella in Rossini's L ' italiana in Algeri, Erda in Wagner's Ring Cycle ( at the Seattle Opera ), Klytämnestra in Richard Strauss's Elektra ( with the Canadian Opera Company ), Madame de la Haltière in Massenet's Cendrillon ( at London's Royal Opera House ), and the title role in Rossini's Ciro in Babilonia ( in the work's US premiere at the Caramoor International Music Festival in July 2012 and at the Rossini Opera Festival in Pesaro, Italy, in August 2012, where she scored a triumph ).

Regina Resnik as Laura and Cesare Siepi as Alvise also were new to the cast, but only with respect to this season ; ;

Cesare Borgia (;, ; 13 September 1475 or April 1476 – 12 March 1507 ), Duke of Valentinois, was an Italian condottiero, nobleman, politician, and cardinal.

Giovanni was assassinated in 1497 in mysterious circumstances: with several contemporaries suggesting that Cesare might have been his killer, as Giovanni's disappearance could finally open him a long-awaited military career ; as well as jealousy over Sancha of Aragon, wife of Cesare's younger brother Gioffre, and mistress of both Cesare and Giovanni.

Herbert Hoover as the new President of the United States ; original drawing for an Oscar Cesare political cartoon, March 17, 1929

In the 16th century Sixtus V bisected Bramante's Cortile del Belvedere with a cross-wing to house the Apostolic Library in suitable magnificence. The 16th and 17th centuries saw other privately endowed libraries assembled in Rome: the Vallicelliana, formed from the books of Saint Filippo Neri, with other distinguished libraries such as that of Cesare Baronio, the Biblioteca Angelica founded by the Augustinian Angelo Rocca, which was the only truly public library in Counter-Reformation Rome ; the Biblioteca Alessandrina with which Pope Alexander VII endowed the University of Rome ; the Biblioteca Casanatense of the Cardinal Girolamo Casanate ; and finally the Biblioteca Corsiniana founded by the bibliophile Clement XII Corsini and his nephew Cardinal Neri Corsini, still housed in Palazzo Corsini in via della Lungara. The Republic of Venice patronized the foundation of the Biblioteca Marciana, based on the library of Cardinal Basilios Bessarion. In Milan Cardinal Federico Borromeo founded the Biblioteca Ambrosiana.

He supported Cesare Borgia and reconfirmed him as Gonfalonier ; but after a brief pontificate of twenty-six days he died ( 18 October 1503 ) of an ulcer in the leg, or, as some have alleged, of poison administered at the instigation of Pandolfo Petrucci, governor of Siena.

* December 26 – Cesare Borgia kills Ramiro D ' Orco ; this incident is referenced in Machiavelli's The Prince

* December 31 – Cesare Borgia ( son of Pope Alexander VI ) occupies Urbino, where he imprisons two potentially treacherous allies, Vitellozzo and Oliveretto ; he executes them the next morning.

* September 13 – Cesare Borgia, illegitimate son of Pope Alexander VI ( approximate date ; d. 1507 )

* Italian — Bixio, Cesare Andrea: " So Cries Pierrot " ( 1925 ; voice and piano ; text by composer ); Bussotti, Sylvano: " Pierrot " ( 1949 ; voice and harp ).

ALT cells produce abundant t-circles, possible products of intratelomeric recombination and t-loop resolution ( Tomaska et al., 2000 ; 2009 ; Cesare and Griffith, 2004 ; Wang et al., 2004 ).

Other notable guest stars included: Cesar Romero as Chico's absentee father ; Tony Orlando as Chico's look-alike, the ex-fiance of a hostile woman he wants to date ; José Feliciano, who wrote the theme song, as Chico's womanizing famous-singer cousin Pepe Fernando ; Sammy Davis Jr. as himself ; Herbie Faye appeared as Bernie in the 1975 episode " Louie's Retirement "; Shelley Winters ( reuniting with Albertson, with whom she'd costarred in The Poseidon Adventure ) as the owner of the local bakery, Shirley Schrift ( her real name ); Jim Backus as Ed's friend who uses him as a " beard "— pretending to be playing cards with him when cheating on his wife ( Audra Lindley ); silent-film actress Carmel Myers as a former star who has fallen on hard times, brings in her car for repairs, and stays in the garage while looking for work ; George Takei as Ed's supposed long-lost son from his time in Japan during World War II ; Cesare Danova as Aunt Connie's Spanish aristocrat boyfriend, the Count de Catalan, in the second episode in which she appeared ; comedian Joey Bishop as an inept robber ; Bernie Kopell as a plastic surgeon ; Rose Marie as a CB radio enthusiast with whom a lonely Ed connects on New Year's Eve ; Penny Marshall, as a waitress ; football star Rosey Grier as himself, Della's date for a charity benefit dance ; Larry Hovis as a customer in the second episode of the first season ; and Jim Jordan ( of radio's Fibber McGee and Molly ) as a mechanic who used to be a big businessman, until he was victimized by his own company's retirement-age mandate ).

It was Charles Lindbergh's first choice for his flight across the Atlantic, but other factors ruled this out ; however, one of Bellanca's planes, piloted by Cesare Sabelli, made one of the first trans-Atlantic flights in 1934.

He was, however, never personally involved in the many political scandals of the Bettino Craxi government era, even if Cesare Romiti, Agnelli's most trusted administrator for some 25 years, publicly admitted to bribery in 1994.

Cesare ’ s candidate did become Pope ; however, he also died a month after the selection.

Some historians say that Cesare Borgia also murdered his brother Giovanni ; however there is no clear evidence that he actually did.

This traditional belief is however completely unsupported by the historical record ; although Roderigo is thought to have used plain and simple arsenic to eliminate his enemies, Cesare and his brothers simply strangled their enemies and dumped them in the Tiber.