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Chiang's predecessor, Sun Yat-sen, was well-liked and respected by the Communists, but after Sun's death Chiang was not able to maintain good relations with the Communists.
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Chiang's and Sun
According to various sources, Chiang's first personal act of violence occurred around this time, when he either instigated or performed the assassination of a dissident member of the Revolutionary Alliance who opposed both Sun Yat-sen and Chen Qimei.
During a prolonged skirmish between the troops of these opposing forces, Sun and his wife Soong Ching-ling narrowly evaded heavy machine gun fire and were rescued by gunboats under Chiang's direction.
Although Wang succeeded Sun as Chairman of the National Government, Chiang's relatively low position in the party's internal hierarchy was bolstered by his military backing and adept political maneuvering following the Zhongshan Warship Incident.
At Moscow, Sun Yat-sen University Portraits of Chiang were hung on the walls ; and, in the Soviet May Day Parades that year, Chiang's portrait was to be carried along with the portraits of Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, and other socialist leaders.
Since the KMT had completed the first step of revolution through seizure of power in 1928, Chiang's rule thus began a period of what his party considered to be " political tutelage " in Sun Yat-sen's name.
Movie theaters in the Soviet Union showed newsreels and clips of Chiang, at Moscow Sun Yat-sen University Portraits of Chiang were hung on the walls, and in the Soviet May Day Parades that year, Chiang's portrait was to be carried along with the portraits of Karl Marx, Lenin, Stalin, and other socialist leaders.
The leftists rejected Chiang's demand and Chiang denounced the leftists for betraying Sun Yat-sen's Three Principles of the People by taking orders from the Soviet Union.
Bai had another falling out with Chiang when he supported General Li Zongren, his fellow Guangxi comrade-in-arms, for the vice presidency in the 1948 general election when Li won against Chiang's hand picked candidate, Sun Fo.
Chiang's funeral was held in the main hall of the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall in 1975.
Despite his previous veiled criticisms of Chiang, Sun remained the favored choice of Chiang, but Li ( one of Chiang's rivals in the Kuomintang ) won the election.
Chiang's and was
Chiang's father died when he was only eight years of age, and he wrote of his mother as the " embodiment of Confucian virtues ".
This disrupted Chiang's offensives against the Communists for a time, although it was the northern factions of Hu Hanmin's Guangzhou ( Canton ) government ( notably the 19th Route Army ) that primarily led the offensive against the Japanese during this skirmish.
Chiang's commitment to the Second United Front was nominal at best, and it was all but broken up in 1941.
When he suspected that the American Office of Strategic Services ( forerunner of the CIA ) was showing an interest in seizing control of Chiang's regime, Chiang ordered the plotters arrested and executed.
In 1945, when Japan surrendered, Chiang's Chongqing government was ill-equipped and ill-prepared to reassert its authority in formerly Japanese-occupied China, and asked the Japanese to postpone their surrender until Kuomintang ( KMT ) authority could arrive to take over.
Chiang's right hand man, the secret police Chief Dai Li, was both anti-American and anti-Communist.
There is speculation that a clash between Communist forces and a Japanese warship in 1978 was caused by Chinese anger after Prime Minister Takeo Fukuda attended Chiang's funeral.
Chiang's body was not buried in the traditional Chinese manner but entombed in his former residence in Cihu Mausoleum | Cihu in respect for his wish to be buried in his native Fenghua.
In mainland China, however, Chiang's death was met with little apparent mourning and Communist state-run newspapers gave the brief headline " Chiang Kai-shek Has Died.
" Chiang's body was put in a copper coffin and temporarily interred at his favorite residence in Cihu, Dasi, Taoyuan.
Chiang's portrait hung over the gate of the Forbidden City before Mao's portrait was set up in its place.
Similarly, the monument erected to Chiang's memory in Taipei, known in English as Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, was literally named " Chung Cheng Memorial Hall " in Chinese.
The Yihewani ( Ikhwan al Muslimun a. k. a. Muslim brotherhood ) was the predominant Muslim sect backed by the Chiang government during Chiang's regime.
Kung's son David was arrested, the Kung's responded by blackmailing the Chiang's, threatening to release information about them, eventually he was freed after negotiations, and Ching-kuo resigned, ending the terror on the Shanghainese merchants.
Chiang considered all the minorities to belong to the Chinese Nation Zhonghua Minzu and he introduced this into Kuomintang ideology, which was propagated into the educational system of the Republic of China, and the Constitution of the ROC considered Chiang's ideology to be true.
This action was also of great importance for the Communist Party of China, as it has been argued that following the Nanjing Massacre Chiang's failure to break off the Trautmann Mediation led to the perception that the entire Kuomintang was weak.
However, Chiang's successor as president, Lee Teng-hui, proved to be more adept at politics than she was, and consolidated his position.
Chiang's and by
Now with an established national government in Nanjing, and supported by conservative allies including Hu Hanmin, Chiang's expulsion of the Communists and their Soviet advisers led to the beginning of the Chinese Civil War.
Having gained control of China, Chiang's party remained surrounded by " surrendered " warlords who remained relatively autonomous within their own regions.
However, Chiang's allied commander Zhang Xueliang, whose forces were used in his attack and whose homeland of Manchuria had been recently invaded by the Japanese, did not support the attack on the Communists.
Abusive incidents occurred following a drunk American General making comments about Chiang's regime, and a low point in Sino-American relations followed the rape of a Chinese university student by American marines shortly after World War II.
Due to concerns about widespread and well-documented corruption in Chiang's government throughout his rule ( though not always with his knowledge ), the U. S. government limited aid to Chiang for much of the period of 1946 to 1948, in the midst of fighting against the People's Liberation Army led by Mao Zedong.
Though politically authoritarian and, to some extent, dominated by government-owned industries, Chiang's new Taiwanese state also encouraged economic development, especially in the export sector.
During Chiang's rule, attacks on foreigners by Kuomintang forces flared up in several incidents.
ROC flags were saluted by Muslims in Ningxia during prayer along with exhortations to nationalism during Chiang's rule.
The alliance took place with salutary effects for the beleaguered CPC after relentless attacks by Chiang's forces.
This event led to Chiang's exclusion of Communists from the Academy by May 1926, and the removal of numerous Communists from high positions in the Nationalist Party.
After being attacked by a warlord friendly to Chiang, Wang's leftist government disintegrated later in May 1927, and Chiang's troops began an organized purge of Communists in territories formerly controlled by Wang.
The reforms were continued by Chiang's successor, Lee Teng-hui, which culminated in the first-ever direct presidential election in 1996.
Chiang Kai-shek died in April 1975, and was succeeded to the presidency by Yen Chia-kan while his son Chiang Ching-kuo succeeded to the leadership of the Kuomintang ( opting to take the title " Chairman " rather than the elder Chiang's title of " Director-General ").
A fortified perimeter was established by Chiang's forces, and Jiangxi was besieged in an attempt to destroy the Communist forces trapped within.
Zhou's intelligence agents were successful in identifying a large section of Chiang's blockhouse lines that were manned by troops under General Chen Jitang, a Guangdong warlord who Zhou identified as being likely to prefer preserving the strength of his troops over fighting.
After passing through three of the four blockhouse fortifications needed to escape Chiang's encirclement, the Red Army was finally intercepted by regular Nationalist troops, and suffered heavy casualties.
When the army resumed its march northward, the direct route to Sichuan was blocked by Chiang's forces.
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