The reasons for Zhou's sudden release may have been that Zhou was then the most senior Communist in Shanghai, that Chiang's efforts to exterminate the Shanghai Communists were highly secretive at the time, and that his execution would have been noticed as a violation of the cooperation agreement between the CCP and the KMT ( which was technically still in effect ).

The circumstances for Chiang's sudden departure were not discovered until later.

Chiang's predecessor, Sun Yat-sen, was well-liked and respected by the Communists, but after Sun's death Chiang was not able to maintain good relations with the Communists.

Chiang's father died when he was only eight years of age, and he wrote of his mother as the " embodiment of Confucian virtues ".

Although Wang succeeded Sun as Chairman of the National Government, Chiang's relatively low position in the party's internal hierarchy was bolstered by his military backing and adept political maneuvering following the Zhongshan Warship Incident.

At Moscow, Sun Yat-sen University Portraits of Chiang were hung on the walls ; and, in the Soviet May Day Parades that year, Chiang's portrait was to be carried along with the portraits of Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, and other socialist leaders.

This disrupted Chiang's offensives against the Communists for a time, although it was the northern factions of Hu Hanmin's Guangzhou ( Canton ) government ( notably the 19th Route Army ) that primarily led the offensive against the Japanese during this skirmish.

Chiang's commitment to the Second United Front was nominal at best, and it was all but broken up in 1941.

When he suspected that the American Office of Strategic Services ( forerunner of the CIA ) was showing an interest in seizing control of Chiang's regime, Chiang ordered the plotters arrested and executed.

In 1945, when Japan surrendered, Chiang's Chongqing government was ill-equipped and ill-prepared to reassert its authority in formerly Japanese-occupied China, and asked the Japanese to postpone their surrender until Kuomintang ( KMT ) authority could arrive to take over.

Chiang's right hand man, the secret police Chief Dai Li, was both anti-American and anti-Communist.

There is speculation that a clash between Communist forces and a Japanese warship in 1978 was caused by Chinese anger after Prime Minister Takeo Fukuda attended Chiang's funeral.

Chiang's body was not buried in the traditional Chinese manner but entombed in his former residence in Cihu Mausoleum | Cihu in respect for his wish to be buried in his native Fenghua.

In mainland China, however, Chiang's death was met with little apparent mourning and Communist state-run newspapers gave the brief headline " Chiang Kai-shek Has Died.

" Chiang's body was put in a copper coffin and temporarily interred at his favorite residence in Cihu, Dasi, Taoyuan.

Chiang's portrait hung over the gate of the Forbidden City before Mao's portrait was set up in its place.

Similarly, the monument erected to Chiang's memory in Taipei, known in English as Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, was literally named " Chung Cheng Memorial Hall " in Chinese.

The Yihewani ( Ikhwan al Muslimun a. k. a. Muslim brotherhood ) was the predominant Muslim sect backed by the Chiang government during Chiang's regime.

Movie theaters in the Soviet Union showed newsreels and clips of Chiang, at Moscow Sun Yat-sen University Portraits of Chiang were hung on the walls, and in the Soviet May Day Parades that year, Chiang's portrait was to be carried along with the portraits of Karl Marx, Lenin, Stalin, and other socialist leaders.

Kung's son David was arrested, the Kung's responded by blackmailing the Chiang's, threatening to release information about them, eventually he was freed after negotiations, and Ching-kuo resigned, ending the terror on the Shanghainese merchants.

Chiang considered all the minorities to belong to the Chinese Nation Zhonghua Minzu and he introduced this into Kuomintang ideology, which was propagated into the educational system of the Republic of China, and the Constitution of the ROC considered Chiang's ideology to be true.

This action was also of great importance for the Communist Party of China, as it has been argued that following the Nanjing Massacre Chiang's failure to break off the Trautmann Mediation led to the perception that the entire Kuomintang was weak.

However, Chiang's successor as president, Lee Teng-hui, proved to be more adept at politics than she was, and consolidated his position.

In 1931 Hu Hanmin, Chiang's old supporter, publicly voiced a popular concern that Chiang's position as both premier and president flew in the face of the democratic ideals of the Nationalist government.

The split resulted in a military conflict between Hu's Guangzhou government and Chiang's Nationalist government.

This event led to Chiang's exclusion of Communists from the Academy by May 1926, and the removal of numerous Communists from high positions in the Nationalist Party.

Zhou himself was nearly killed in a similar trap, when he was arrested after arriving at a dinner held at the headquarters of Si Lie, a Nationalist commander of Chiang's Twenty-sixth Army.

He later became part of Chiang's Nationalist Government and finished his life as the " Strategic Adviser of the President " in Taiwan, where he died in 1954.

After passing through three of the four blockhouse fortifications needed to escape Chiang's encirclement, the Red Army was finally intercepted by regular Nationalist troops, and suffered heavy casualties.

In order to carry out Chiang's directive, Tang would have had to have the Nanking Garrison wage battle against the fleeing Nationalist troops before facing the Japanese assault on the city.

Chiang's Northern Expedition of the late 1920s, which directly preceded the new Nationalist government at Nanjing was compared to the unification brought about by Qin Shi Huang.

He joined the Nationalist Party ( KMT ), supported the Northern Expedition and became blood brothers with Chiang Kai-shek, but resisted Chiang's consolidation on power in the Central Plains War, and broke with Chiang again in resisting Japanese incursions in 1933.

After a series of successful defenses against Nationalist Army attacks, Chiang's German advisers switched tactics and began building concentric circles of fortified positions closer and closer to the communist base.

To carry out Chiang's directive, Tang would have had to have the Nanking Garrison wage battle against the fleeing Nationalist troops before facing the Japanese assault on the city.

The entrance to Chiang's tombsite at Tzuhu ( Cihu ) uses the official posthumous rendering of Chiang Kai-shek ( Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts | from right to left ): The President ( space ) Lord Chiang Mausoleum.

Konoe's biographer reports that the seizure of Chiang's capital left " the entire nation … lightheaded over the victory.

Leaving General Tang Shengzhi in charge of the city for the Battle of Nanking, many of Chiang's advisors left Nanking on December 1, and the president himself left on December 7.

When the Red Army left Guizhou, Chiang's troops remained.

The local warlords knew that they could return and regain control of their territory after the Red Army had left ; however, if Chiang's army came, they would be removed for good.

However, Chiang's allied commander Zhang Xueliang, whose forces were used in his attack and whose homeland of Manchuria had been recently invaded by the Japanese, did not support the attack on the Communists.

During Chiang's rule, attacks on foreigners by Kuomintang forces flared up in several incidents.

The proposal included American recognition of Manchukuo, the merging of Chiang's government with the Japan-backed Reorganized National Government of China, withdrawal of Japanese troops from China and mutual respect for its independence, and even an agreement that Japanese immigration to the United States shall proceed " on the basis of equality with other nationals and free from discrimination ".

The acocryphal tale that the large pearl on Empress Dowager Cixi's crown ended up on Madame Chiang's gala shoes is described in Bertolucci's film The Last Emperor.

After escaping Chiang's encirclement, it was obvious to Party leaders that Chiang was intent on intercepting what remained of the Red Army in Hunan, and the direction of the Red Army's movements had to be reconsidered.

Kung's son David was arrested, the Kung's responded by blackmailing the Chiang's, threatening to release information about them, eventually he was freed after negotiations, and Ching-kuo resigned, ending the terror on the Shanghainese merchants.

Both his memory and image are frequently invoked by the Kuomintang, which is unable to base their electoral campaign on Chiang's successor, President and KMT Chairman Lee Teng-hui because of Lee's support of Taiwan for Taiwanese.

After this pronouncement, He Yingqin ( Chief of Staff ) and Xu Yongchang ( Chief of the Naval General Staff ) indicated that they would defer to Chiang's judgment on the matter.

At this point, Tang Shengzhi expressed fervent support for Chiang's position that Nanking should be defended to the death based on its symbolic importance to the nation.

As Tang asked everyone's opinion and got the answer he was waiting for, which was unanimous concurrence on the need to retreat, Tang insisted that everyone to sign their names on Chiang's order before giving out the order for a general retreat.

He was apparently ready to march on Zhang, but Chiang's wife, Soong Meiling, and brother, T. V.

During the KMT's central standing committee on the day of Chiang's funeral, when the Palace Faction sought to delay Lee's accession to the party Chairmanship, Soong unexpectedly made an impassioned plea in favor of Lee, declaring that " Each day of delay is a day of disrespect to Ching-kuo.

This defeat led to Chiang's immediate resignation on Aug. 6th as head of the Nanking Government, prompting him to move to Shanghai, where his loyal supporters followed.

Yen Chia-kan (; Suzhou dialect: nyie cia / ka koe ), or Yen Chia-jin ( October 23, 1905 – December 24, 1993 ), better known as C. K. Yen, succeeded Chiang Kai-shek as President of the Republic of China upon Chiang's death on April 5, 1975.

General Liu Zhi's early military career was full of victories and successes, but he seemed to lose his combat skills after the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, many of his colleagues called him The Long-legged general or President Chiang's Lucky General, to poke fun of his uselessness on battlefield and shamelessness when many other talented officers were not promoted for heroic deeds and he was brazenly enough to accept such high positions.