Throughout his rise to power, Chiang also benefited from membership within the nationalist Tiandihui fraternity, to which Sun Yat-sen also belonged, and which remained a source of support during his leadership of China and, later, Taiwan.

The Japanese were also concerned that Chiang might defeat the Fengtian Clique.

Chiang also ordered Ma Bufang to put his Muslim soldiers on alert for an invasion of Tibet in 1942.

Chiang also threatened the Tibetans with aerial bombardment if they worked with the Japanese.

Chiang also used American support and military power in China against the ambitions of the Soviet Union to dominate the talks, stopping the Soviets from taking full advantage of the situation in China with the threat of American military action against the Soviets.

It was also under the Temporary Provisions that Chiang was able to bypass term limits to remain as president.

People also put portraits of Chiang in their homes and in public on the streets.

His name is also written in Taiwan as " The Late President Lord Chiang " ( 先總統 蔣公 ), where the one-character-wide space known as nuo tai shows respect ; this practice has lost some popularity.

Chiang also supported the Muslim General Ma Zhongying, whom he had trained at Whampoa Military Academy during the Kumul Rebellion, in a Jihad against Jin Shuren, Sheng Shicai, and the Soviet Union during the Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang.

Chiang also crushed and dominated the merchants of Shanghai in 1927, seizing loans from them, with the threats of death or exile.

Chiang also enforced an anti Japanese boycott, sending his agents to sack the shops of those who sold Japanese made items, fining them.

Chiang also disregarded the Internationally protected International Settlement, putting cages on its borders, threatening to have the merchants placed in there.

He was also unsure that Chiang could control his own forces.

Konoe was also discouraged over his failure to negotiate an end to the conflict in China, having broken off the Trautmann Mediation with Chiang.

Soong May-ling or Soong Mei-ling, also known as Madame Chiang Kai-shek or Madame Chiang (; March 5, 1898 – October 23, 2003 ) was a First Lady of the Republic of China ( ROC ), the wife of Generalissimo and President Chiang Kai-shek.

Madame Chiang also made her last visit to Taiwan in 1995.

Fierce battles between Lanna and Ayutthaya also constantly took place and Chiang Mai was eventually subjugated, becoming Ayutthaya's ' vassal '.

This allowed Japan better access to China in the Second Sino-Japanese War against the forces of Chiang Kai-shek, but it was also part of Japan's strategy for dominion over the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.

Chiang Kai-shek threatened the French with war in response to manoeuvering by the French and Ho Chi Minh against each other, forcing them to come to a peace agreement, and in February 1946 he also forced the French to surrender all of their concessions in China and renounce their extraterritorial privileges in exchange for withdrawing from northern Indochina and allowing French troops to reoccupy the region starting in March 1946.

Chiang Kai-shek also underlined the importance of classical books and of learning English, two areas he was hardly proficient in himself.

Out of his affair with Chang Ya-juo, Chiang also had twin sons in 1941: Chang Hsiao-tz ' u and Chang Hsiao-yen.

He famously differed as to strategy, ground troops versus air power, with his subordinate, Claire Chennault, who had the ear of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek.

This decision of the Communist Party of China differed sharply with Chiang Kai-shek's policy of first defeating the Communists before challenging Japan directly.

Chiang Kai-shek and 600, 000 Nationalist troops and 2 million refugees, predominantly from the government and business community, fled from the mainland to the island of Taiwan.

Though the United States refused to aide Chiang Kai-shek in his hope to " recover the mainland ," it continued supporting the Republic of China with military supplies and expertise to prevent Taiwan from falling into PRC hands.

After Sun's death from cancer in 1925, one of his protégés, Chiang Kai-shek, seized control of the Kuomintang ( Nationalist Party or KMT ) and succeeded in bringing most of south and central China under its rule in a military campaign known as the Northern Expedition ( 1926 – 1927 ).

In 1927, Chiang turned on the CPC and relentlessly chased the CPC armies and its leaders from their bases in southern and eastern China.

Chiang served in the Imperial Japanese Army from 1909 to 1911.

Chiang resigned from the office for one month in disagreement with Sun's extremely close cooperation with the Comintern, but returned at Sun's demand.

Chiang blocked Chinese capitalists from gaining any political power or voice within his regime.

Chiang Kai-shek ( right ) meets with the Muslim Generals Ma Bufang ( second from left ), and Ma Buqing ( first from left ) in Xining at August 1942.

Under orders from Chiang Kai-shek, Ma Bufang repaired Yushu airport to prevent Tibetan separatists from seeking independence.

In his diary on June 1948, Chiang wrote that the KMT had failed, not because of external enemies but because of rot from within.

After meeting with the Japanese Prime Minister, Eisaku Sato, Whitlam observed that the reason Japan at that time was hesitant to withdraw recognition from the Nationalist government was " the presence of a treaty between the Japanese government and that of Chiang Kai-shek ".

Quotes from the Quran and Hadith were used by Muslims in the Kuomintang-controlled Muslim publication, the Yuehua, to justify Chiang Kai-shek's rule over China.

Chiang Kai-shek believed that these martyrs witnessed events on earth from heaven.

Some opponents charge that Chiang's efforts in developing Taiwan were mostly to make the island a strong base from which to one day return to mainland China, and that Chiang had little regard for the long-term prosperity and well-being of the Taiwanese people.

The entrance to Chiang's tombsite at Tzuhu ( Cihu ) uses the official posthumous rendering of Chiang Kai-shek ( Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts | from right to left ): The President ( space ) Lord Chiang Mausoleum.

Sometime in 1917 or 1918, as Chiang became close to Sun Yat-sen, he changed his name from Jiang Zhiqing to Jiang Zhongzheng ().

According to the memoirs of Chen Jieru, Chiang's second wife, she contracted gonorrhea from Chiang soon after their marriage.

Chiang was assisted by Soviet advisors, who supplied him with weapons, while the merchants were supplied with weapons from the Western countries.