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Chiang designated Ma's Muslim army as the 36th Division ( National Revolutionary Army ) and gave his troops Kuomintang flags and uniforms.
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Chiang and designated
Switching sides to the Kuomintang after the abortive coup d ' état in 1930 of Feng against Chiang Kai-shek, his troops were designated as the 29th Army and garrisoned in southern Shanxi province where he was responsible for the frontiers of the Rehe and Chahar provinces against the Japanese in Manchukuo.
As a result, all communications between the two men were routed through May-ling Soong, or " Madame Chiang " as she was known to Americans, and she was designated the group's " honorary commander.
China was designated a separate theater commanded by its chief of state, Chiang Kai-shek, though within the United States ' sphere of responsibility.
The section between the Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport ( previously named as Chiang Kai-shek International Airport ) and National Highway No. 1 was originated designated as No. 1A, a branch of Freeway No. 1.
Following the Kuomintang's landslide win in the presidential election in 2008, Chiang was designated as chairman of the Straits Exchange Foundation, the semi-official body responsible for negotiation on non-political matters with the People's Republic of China.
: You are hereby designated as my personal representative with the Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, reporting directly to me.
However, the communists successfully fooled the nationalists into believing that they were on the same side by using the bugle commands of Chiang Kai-shek's ally and designated regional commander, Yang Sen, in reply to the nationalists ' signals.
Chiang and Muslim
Chiang Kai-shek ( right ) meets with the Muslim Generals Ma Bufang ( second from left ), and Ma Buqing ( first from left ) in Xining at August 1942.
In 1939 Muslim leaders Isa Yusuf Alptekin and Ma Fuliang were sent by Chiang to several Middle eastern countries, including Egypt, Turkey, and Syria, to gain support for the Chinese War against Japan, and to express his support for Muslims.
In 1942 Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek personally went on tour in Northwestern China in Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, and Qinghai, where he met both Muslim Generals Ma Buqing and Ma Bufang.
Chiang also ordered Ma Bufang to put his Muslim soldiers on alert for an invasion of Tibet in 1942.
Quotes from the Quran and Hadith were used by Muslims in the Kuomintang-controlled Muslim publication, the Yuehua, to justify Chiang Kai-shek's rule over China.
When the Muslim General and Warlord Ma Lin was interviewed, Ma Lin was described as having " high admiration and unwavering loyalty to Chiang Kai-shek ".
Chiang Kai-shek with the Muslim General Ma Fushou.
Chiang became a sworn brother of the Muslim General Ma Fuxiang and appointed him to high ranking positions.
When Chiang became President of China after the Northern Expedition, he carved out Ningxia and Qinghai out of Gansu province, and appointed Muslim Generals as Military Governors of all three provinces: Ma Hongkui, Ma Hongbin, and Ma Qi.
Chiang appointed a Muslim General, Bai Chongxi, as the Minister of National Defence of the Republic of China, which controlled the ROC military.
Chiang also supported the Muslim General Ma Zhongying, whom he had trained at Whampoa Military Academy during the Kumul Rebellion, in a Jihad against Jin Shuren, Sheng Shicai, and the Soviet Union during the Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang.
Chiang then supported Muslim General Ma Hushan against Sheng Shicai and the Soviet Union in the Xinjiang War ( 1937 ).
All Muslim Generals commissioned by Chiang in the National Revolutionary Army paid alleigance to him.
Hu Songshan, a Muslim Imam, backed Chiang Kai-shek's regime and gave prayers for his government.
Chiang sent Muslim students abroad to study at places like Al Azhar and Muslim schools throughout China taught loyalty to his regime.
The Yuehua, a Chinese Muslim publication, quoted the Quran and Hadith to justify submitting to Chiang Kai-shek as the leader of China, and as justification for Jihad in the war against Japan.
The Yihewani ( Ikhwan al Muslimun a. k. a. Muslim brotherhood ) was the predominant Muslim sect backed by the Chiang government during Chiang's regime.
Ma Ching-chiang, a Muslim General, served as an advisor to Chiang Kai-shek.
Ma Buqing was another Muslim General who fled to Taiwan along with Chiang.
When the Northern Expedition was complete, Kuomintang Generals led by Chiang Kaishek paid tribute to Dr. Sun's soul in heaven with a sacrificial ceremony at the Xiangshan Temple in Beijing in July 1928, among the Kuomintang Generals present were the Muslim Generals Bai Chongxi and Ma Fuxiang.
Ma Bufang was fully supported by the Kuomintang President of China Chiang Kaishek, who ordered him to prepare his Muslim army to invade Tibet several times and threatened aerial bombardment on the Tibetans.
Zhang Guotao's army, which took a different route through northwest China, was largely destroyed by the forces of Chiang Kai-shek and his Chinese Muslim ally, the Ma clique.
Chiang and army
The United States consulate and other Westerners in Shanghai were concerned about the approach of " Red General " Chiang, as his army was seizing control of large areas of the country in the Northern Expedition.
Brought into the Nationalist army immediately after the battle, the 19th Route Army's career under Chiang would be cut short after it was disbanded for demonstrating socialist tendencies.
Although he did not hold a formal executive position in the government, Chiang continued to issue orders to the army, and many officers continued to obey Chiang rather than Li.
Chiang ordered Ma Bufang to prepare his Islamic army to invade Tibet several times, to deter Tibetan independence, and threatened them with aerial bombardment.
Dr. Sun initiated this anti merchant policy, and Chiang Kai-shek enforced it, Chiang led his army of Whampoa Military Academy graduates to defeat the merchant's army.
The United States consulate and other westerners in Shanghai was concerned about the approach of " Red General " Chiang, as his army was seizing control in the Northern Expedition.
Chiang Kai-shek and the KMT funded the party and their efforts to build an army to battle the Dalai Lama's government.
General Chang Fa-kuei planned to lead a Chinese army invasion of Tonkin in Indochina to free Vietnam from French control, and to get Chiang Kai-shek's support.
Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek deployed his best army to defend Shanghai, but after three months of fighting, Shanghai fell.
An earlier biographer claims that Chiang Kai-shek put Zhou in charge of " an advanced training center for the CCP members and commissars withdrawn from the army.
In August 1934, with the Red Army depleted by the prolonged conflict, a spy, Mo Xiong, placed by Zhou Enlai in the KMT army headquarters in Nanchang brought news that Chiang Kai-shek was preparing a major offensive against the Communist capital, Ruijin.
It has proclaimed to the world that the Red Army is an army of heroes, while the imperialists and their running dogs, Chiang Kai-shek and his like, are impotent.
Chiang Kaishek urged the Ma warlords of northwest China to hammer away at the communists, including allowing the governor of Qinghai to stay in office since he wiped out an entire communist army.
Despite the realization that he could not risk annihilation of the Chinese army in a futile defense of the capital, Chiang was also well aware of the political damage he would suffer if he abandoned Nanking without a fight.
The second account, related by Li Zongren in his memoirs, reports that Chiang Kai-shek held a conference in Nanking with his senior commanders and staff to discuss how to deal with the oncoming onslaught of the Japanese army.
Lin had been an important army commander in the 1930s, but struggled with ill health and did not participate in the expulsion of Chiang Kai-shek from the mainland in 1946-1949 or the Korean War.
He was considered one of the main contenders to replace Sun as leader of the KMT, but eventually lost control of the party and army to Chiang Kai-shek.
Their situation improved in 1949 after the Chinese Communist army of Mao Zedong defeated the Nationalist army led by Chiang Kai-Shek.
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