When Chiang was defeated by CPC forces in mainland China in 1949, he retreated to Taiwan with his government and his most disciplined troops, along with most of the KMT leadership and a large number of their supporters ; Chiang Kai-shek had taken effective control of Taiwan at the end of WWII as part of the overall Japanese surrender, when Japanese troops in Taiwan surrendered to Republic of China troops.

Chiang grew up in a time period in which military defeats and civil wars among warlords had left China destabilized and in debt, and he decided to pursue a military career.

" Chiang had absolutely no intention of ceasing the war against the Communists.

In a pairing of great political significance, Chiang was Sun's brother-in-law: he had married Soong May-ling, the younger sister of Soong Ching-ling, Sun's widow, on December 1, 1927.

Upon reaching Beijing, Chiang paid homage to Sun Yat-sen and had his body moved to the new capital of Nanjing to be enshrined in a grand mausoleum.

Chiang only won the campaign against Hu after a shift in allegiance by the warlord Zhang Xueliang, who had previously supported Hu Hanmin.

In December 1936, Chiang flew to Xi ' an to coordinate a major assault on the Red Army and the Communist Republic that had retreated into Yan ' an.

After releasing Chiang and returning to Nanjing with him, Zhang was placed under house arrest and the generals who had assisted him were executed.

By December, the capital city of Nanjing had fallen to the Japanese, and Chiang moved the government inland, first to Wuhan and later to Chongqing.

However, Chiang Kai-shek's subordinates refused to take airbase construction seriously until enough capital had been delivered to permit embezzlement on a massive scale.

By the end of World War II, Chiang had come to believe that democracy was impossible for China to achieve.

For over a year after the Japanese surrender, rumors circulated throughout China that the Japanese had entered into a secret agreement with Chiang, in which the Japanese would assist the Nationalists in fighting the Communists in exchange for the protection of Japanese persons and property there.

Many top nationalist generals, including Chiang, had studied and trained in Japan before the Nationalists had returned to the mainland in the 1920s, and maintained close personal friendships with top Japanese officers.

Though Chiang had achieved status abroad as a world leader, his government deteriorated as the result of corruption and inflation.

In his diary on June 1948, Chiang wrote that the KMT had failed, not because of external enemies but because of rot from within.

The former warlord Yan Xishan, who had fled to Nanking only one month before, quickly insinuated himself within the Li-Chiang rivalry, attempting to have Li and Chiang reconcile their differences in the effort to resist the Communists.

Li's first choice of premier was Chu Cheng, a veteran member of the Kuomintang who had been virtually driven into exile due to his strong opposition to Chiang.

Although he had agreed to do so as a prerequisite of Li's return, Chiang refused to surrender more than a fraction of the wealth that he had sent to Taiwan.

Some opponents charge that Chiang's efforts in developing Taiwan were mostly to make the island a strong base from which to one day return to mainland China, and that Chiang had little regard for the long-term prosperity and well-being of the Taiwanese people.

Chen claiming that, by the time she married Chiang, he had already divorced Mao, and that Chen was therefore his wife.

Chiang and Mao had a son, Ching-kuo, and a daughter, Chien-hua.

Hu Songshan, a Muslim Imam, backed Chiang Kai-shek's regime and gave prayers for his government.

* Zhang Xueliang, son of Zhang Zuolin, in the Xian Incident, he and Yang Hu Cheng forced Chiang Kai-shek to end his war against the Communists and ally with them against the Japanese.

Prior to his election as president in 1948, Chiang Kai-shek had insisted that he be premier under the new Constitution, while allowing the president ( to which Chiang nominated Hu Shih ) be a mere figurehead.

In January 1904, his family established an arranged marriage for Hu with Chiang Tung-hsiu (), an illiterate girl with bound feet who was one year older than he was.

In 1931, the near civil war caused by the arrest of Hu Hanmin and the invasion of Manchuria forced Chiang Kai-shek to resign.

He found the government was paralysed by the absence of the party's Big Three: Hu, Chiang, and Wang Jingwei.

Among the Manchu emperors Kang Hu Shi and Chiang Lung are considered to be the most influential.

* Kuomintang Chairman Lien Chan meets with Communist Party of China Secretary-General Hu Jintao in the highest level contact between leaders of the two parties since the meeting of Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong in August 1945 at the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War.

At the meeting, Jia conveyed Hu Jintao's invitation for Lien to Chiang.

After the Ninghan split in 1927, Hu supported Chiang Kai-Shek and was head of Legislative Yuan in Nanjing.

Hu was an advocate of action against Japanese aggression, criticizing Chiang for " his spineless failure to adopt a strong policy toward the foreign power which has torn and ravaged our homeland!

Hu visited Europe and stopped his political attack on Chiang Kai-shek in June, 1935.

Chiang wanted to replace Hu with loyal followers in southern China and end the autonomy the south enjoyed under Hu.

And then I put the question as pointedly as I could directly to Chiang Kai-shek: `` In America '', I said, `` practically no one believes that you subjectively intend to re-enter the Mainland.

Chiang also ordered Ma Bufang to put his Muslim soldiers on alert for an invasion of Tibet in 1942.

People also put portraits of Chiang in their homes and in public on the streets.

He generally put his alliance with Chiang against Japan ahead of helping his ideological allies in China in his priorities.

Chiang refused the terms put forth by the Japanese.

An earlier biographer claims that Chiang Kai-shek put Zhou in charge of " an advanced training center for the CCP members and commissars withdrawn from the army.

Despite rumors that Chiang had put a high price on Zhou's head, he was quickly released by Bai Chongxi's forces.

Roosevelt offered Chiang Kai-shek the entire Indochina to be put under Chinese rule.

Then in 1935, under the accord signed between He Yingqin, the commander of Kuomintang armies in Northern China, and Yoshijiro Umezu, the commander of Japanese troops in Northern China, elite Kuomintang troops related to the group Blue Shirts Society, core of Chiang ’ s Whampoa Clique, had to evacuate from Beijing and Northern China, which put the whole of Northern China under direct threat of Japanese invasion.

Over the next few years, Taksin managed to gain control over Chiang Mai, and put Cambodia under the vassalage of Siam by 1779 after repeated military campaigns.

The current Constitution traces its origins to the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War when the impending outbreak of the Chinese Civil War pressured Chiang Kai-shek into enacting a democratic Constitution that would put an end to KMT party rule.

* Zhang Xueliang was put on house arrest by Chiang Kai-shek after the Xi ' an Incident.

He was a young boy in Taiwan when Chiang Kai-shek's forces put down a communist-instigated insurgency.

Having recently lost a major military conflict against the USSR, Zhang Xueliang, falsely claiming to be under implicit instructions from Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist Government to adhere to a nonresistance policy, had already urged his men not to put up a fight and to store away any weapons in case the Japanese invaded ( a piece of information that the Japanese advisors to Zhang's army knew ahead of time, hence facilitating the planning ).

Chiang feared that a premature war would put an end to his preparatory plans, and thus opted for fighting small, localized " incidents " that were characteristic of Sino-Japanese conflicts in the 1930s.

On the other hand, if Chiang decided to put up an all-out resistance, he risked losing his newly reorganized divisions that were barely ready to meet the enemy head-on, in addition to the complete destruction of China's nascent industrial base.

Chiang also ordered Ma Bufang to put his Muslim soldiers on alert for an invasion of Tibet in 1942.

Sun disagreed with Chiang extensively on their objectives, Sun desired to put off war against the Communists in favor of war against Japan, and reach an agreement with the Communists.

The Mon rebellion in the south was ruthlessly put down ; the rebellion in Chiang Mai succeeded.

According to General Chiang Wei-kuo, should the invasion be successful, the Japanese might have intended to put Wang Chingwei's puppet regime in charge of Chongqing.