* 1987 – Portugal and the People's Republic of China sign an agreement in which Macau would be returned to China in 1999.

" Li vowed that he would " return to crush " Chiang once he returned to China.

Beatty was posted to the China squadron and only returned to England after being wounded at the siege of Tsientsin, eighteen months later in August 1900.

After a ( similarly unsuccessful ) stint in Guangzhou, China, he eventually returned to Portugal and became the first European to publish a book on China in 1569 / 1570.

Kammu also sponsored the travels of the monks Saichō and Kūkai to China, from where they returned to found the Japanese branches of, respectively, Tendai and Shingon Buddhism.

At the Munich Satellite Navigation Summit on March 10, a Chinese government official asked the European Commission why it no longer wanted to work with China, and when China ’ s cash investment in Galileo would be returned.

At the end of his studies in Brussels, Chang returned home to China, and Hergé lost contact with him during the invasion of China by Japan and the subsequent civil war.

He returned to China for the first time in 1974 to design a hotel at Fragrant Hills, and designed a skyscraper in Hong Kong for the Bank of China fifteen years later.

Stranded on shore, he worked his way back to Kozhikode, from where he returned to the Maldives and boarded a Chinese junk, still intending to reach China and take up his ambassadorial post.

* 631 – Emperor Taizong of Tang, the Emperor of China, sends envoys to the Xueyantuo bearing gold and silk in order to seek the release of enslaved Chinese prisoners captured during the transition from Sui to Tang from the northern frontier ; this embassy succeeded in freeing 80, 000 Chinese men and women who were then returned to China.

In 1881 Higaonna Kanryō returned from China after years of instruction with Ryu Ryu Ko and founded what would become Naha-te.

Japan was therefore left in control of Manchuria until the Soviet Union's Red Army took over the area and returned it to China at the end of the Second World War.

The budget also returned to surplus after 2002 because of the surge in visitors from China and a hike in taxes on gambling profits, which generated about 70 % of government revenue.

The Peakes were given leave to visit England just before World War I in 1914 and returned to China in 1916.

Mervyn Peake never returned to China but it has been noted that Chinese influences can be detected in Peake's works, not least in the castle of Gormenghast itself, which in some respects echoes the ancient walled city of Peking ( Beijing ) as well as the enclosed compound where he grew up in Tientsin ( Tianjin ).

Some time later, Shang-Chi returned from China, and rejoined Tarr, Reston, and Wu.

Shortly after World War II, the civil war resumed in China between the Kuomintang ( KMT ) led by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek and the Communist Party of China led by Mao Zedong.

Calendars in widespread use today include the Gregorian calendar, which is the de facto international standard, and is used almost everywhere in the world for civil purposes, including in the People's Republic of China and India ( along with the Indian national calendar ).

China " armed and trained " the Khmer Rouge during the civil war and continued to aid them years afterward.

A major split between the Nationalists and Communists occurred in 1927 ; and, under Chiang's leadership, the Nationalists fought a nation-wide civil war against the Communist Party of China ( CPC ).

Chiang grew up in a time period in which military defeats and civil wars among warlords had left China destabilized and in debt, and he decided to pursue a military career.

For example, for a long period it was assumed that Imperial China had no system of civil law because the law codes did not have explicit provisions for civil lawsuits.

However, more recent studies which use the records of civil magistrates suggest that China did in fact have a very well developed system of civil law, in which provisions of the criminal code were interpreted to allow civil causes of action.

After a lengthy civil war, the CPC defeated its primary rival, the Kuomintang ( KMT ), and assumed full control of mainland China by 1949.

Classes within Chinese society were not closed, and imperial China had not been aristocratic since the third century BCE because of " the meritocratic line in Confucian thinking would eventually find realization under the empire in the remarkable Chinese civil service examination.

In an interview with PACNEWS on 1 February 2006, Jeremaia Waqanisau, Fiji's Ambassador to Beijing, made a stinging attack on the efficiency of the Fijian civil service, saying that it negatively affected Fiji's ability to present itself to China.

Certain civil servants were extremely passive in their dealings with China, he said.

At the end of China ’ s bloody civil war, in the early and mid 1900s, the country quickly closed off its borders to many outside countries and only maintained diplomatic ties with the Soviet Union.

But there was still a lot of tension between the two leaders and resentment by Mao for Stalin's less than enthusiastic help during the civil war in China.

The northern provinces had remained loyal to the Emperor, and hoping to avoid a civil war, Sun Yat-Sen – already proclaimed " provisional president " by his supporters – had come to a compromise with the Emperor's key ally Yuan Shikai ( 1859 – 1916 ); the monarchy would be abolished, and Late Imperial China would be converted into a new Republic of China, but it would be the royalist Yuan and not the revolutionary Sun who would become its first President.

According to scholarly consensus, the earliest example of an administrative meritocracy, based on civil service examinations, dates back to Ancient China.

Meadows successfully argued in his Desultory Notes on the Government and People of China, published in 1847, that " the long duration of the Chinese empire is solely and altogether owing to the good government which consists in the advancement of men of talent and merit only ," and that the British must reform their civil service by making the institution meritocratic.

In China, the Communist Party of China led by Mao Zedong reluctantly abandoned the civil war with the Kuomintang and cooperated with it against Japanese occupation forces.

He was brigadier of the club's locker-room light infantry, and at one time or another declared war on Russia, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and China.

It seems reasonable that if general nuclear war is not to be one cataclysmic act of burning each other's citizens to cinders, we must have a manned strategic force of long-endurance aircraft capable of going into China or Russia to find and destroy their strategic forces which continued to threaten us.

Then China promptly went Communist, and Mr. Truman had to fight the interminable Korean war for the democratization of Korea before we learned how far our writ did `` reach in Asia ''.

of heavy arms expenditures and constant danger of another world war had to ensue before the United States could bring itself to accept the two chief results of World War 2, -- Communist control of East Europe and China -- a new balance of power.

This leader must be a man who lives above illusions that heretofore have shaped the foreign policy of the United States, namely that Russia will agree to a reunited Germany, that the East German government does not exist, that events in Japan in June 1960 were Communist-inspired, that the true government of China is in Formosa, that Mao was the evil influence behind Khrushchev at the Summit Conference in Paris in May 1960, and that either China or Russia wants or expects war.

* 1839 – The United Kingdom captures Hong Kong as a base as it prepares for war with Qing China.

* 1914 – World War I: Japan declares war on Germany and bombs Qingdao, China.

During the era after the war, later called the Pax Mongolica, adventurous Westerners such as Marco Polo travelled all the way to China and brought the first reports of its wonders to Europe.

Chiang was even named the Supreme Commander of Allied forces in the China war zone.

The object of Li's strategy was to maintain a foothold on the Chinese mainland in the hope that the United States would eventually be compelled to enter the war in China on the Nationalist side.

The Yuehua, a Chinese Muslim publication, quoted the Quran and Hadith to justify submitting to Chiang Kai-shek as the leader of China, and as justification for Jihad in the war against Japan.

Thus, no two nuclear powers have yet fought a conventional war directly, with the exception of brief skirmishes between for example, China and Russia in the 1969 Sino-Soviet conflict and between India and Pakistan in the 1999 Kargil War.

After Japan went to war with China in 1937, passenger car production was restricted, so by 1938, Datsun's Yokohama plant concentrated on building trucks for the Imperial Japanese Army.

The National Security Council, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Strategic Air Command ( SAC ) devised detailed plans for nuclear war against China.

* 1941 – United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt declares December 7 to be " a date which will live in infamy ", after which the U. S. and the Republic of China declare war against Japan.

* 1941 – World War II: The Republic of China, Cuba, Guatemala, the Republic of Korea, and the Philippine Commonwealth, declare war on Germany and Japan.

From the early 1930s the Japanese had been at war against both the Chinese Nationalists and the Russians in China, and used the experience to improve both training and aircraft, replacing biplanes with modern cantilever monoplanes and creating a cadre of exceptional pilots for use in the Pacific War.

In 1938, as part of his preparations for war, Hitler ended the German alliance with China, and entered into an agreement with the more modern Japan.