In contrast, the Holy See has not questioned the validity of the consecrations that the late Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre performed in 1988 for the service of the relatively numerous followers of the Traditionalist Catholic Society of St. Pius X that he had founded, and of the bishops who, under pressure from the Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association, " have been ordained without the Pontifical mandate and who have not asked for, or have not yet obtained, the necessary legitimation ", and who consequently, Pope Benedict XVI has declared, " are to be considered illegitimate, but validly ordained ".

Bishop Juan Ignacio Arrieta, Secretary of the Pontifical Council, explained that the statement applied to the bishops ordained by Milingo and Thuc as well as to the Chinese cases.

In, for instance, inviting bishops appointed under CPCA rules to attend as Catholics in full communion with Rome an assembly of the Synod of Bishops, the Holy See indicated that it does not consider that the Church in mainland China ( as distinct from the Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association ) approves of abortion and artificial contraception.

" Those few Chinese bishops who have not done so remain in formal schism.

In September 1992, the CPCA-sponsored Conference of Chinese Catholic Representatives, in which the bishops were a minority, approved new statutes of the Bishops ' College, which seemed to subject the College to the Conference and to reiterate the CPCA rules for the election of bishops and the replacement, in the rite of episcopal ordination, of the papal mandate with the consent of the College.

The Vatican stated that it had given its prior approval for the episcopal ordination of two CPCA-approved bishops in September 2007, and the Rome-based missionary news service AsiaNews, which follows events in China closely, quoted a Chinese source as saying the government was no longer imposing its own candidates as bishops and was now allowing the church more freedom.

In April and May 2006, Cardinal Zen opposed the episcopal consecration of two bishops in China who belonged to the state-sanctioned Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association.

Category: Chinese Roman Catholic bishops

Following the event, Archbishop Celso Costantini ( 剛恆毅 ), Apostolic Delegate in China, along with all the bishops of China, declared the Chinese people dedicated to Our Lady of China, using the official image.

In 1957, the Chinese government established the Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association, which rejects the authority of the Vatican and appoints its own bishops.

In a further sign of rapprochement between the Vatican and Beijing, Pope Benedict XVI invited four Chinese bishops, including two government recognized bishops, one underground bishop, and one underground bishop recently emerged into the registered church, to the October 2005 Synod on the Eucharist.

He immediately printed 100 copies of a further tract “ on the importance of translating and publishing the Holy Scriptures into the Chinese language .” Copies were sent to all the Church of England bishops and the new mission agencies.

Therefore, the Chinese Catholic Bishops Conference ( 天主教中國主教團 ) was established in 1967 and would serve as the national bishops ' conference for all territories claimed by the Government of the Republic of China.

Category: Chinese Roman Catholic bishops

Category: Chinese Roman Catholic bishops

The conventional view of Chinese history is that of alternating periods of political unity and disunity, with China occasionally being dominated by steppe peoples, most of whom were in turn assimilated into the Han Chinese population.

The one general exception to this is modern Chinese place names, personal names, and ( occasionally ) food names — these will often be written with kanji, and katakana used for the furigana ; in more casual writing these are simply written in katakana, as borrowed words.

Just like foodservice establishments with names ending with the Chinese character ju, when catering at the customers ’ homes, foodservice establishments of this category would also only provide the few specialty dishes they are famous for, but they would mostly bring the already cooked dishes to the location, and would only cook on locations occasionally.

However, they occasionally have a Chinese on reading, derived from a phonetic, as in 働, dō, from 動, and in rare cases only have an on reading, as in 腺, sen, from 泉, which was derived for use in technical compounds ( 腺 means " gland ", hence used in medical terminology ).

It is often adorned with marinated bamboo shoots or menma, green onions, kamaboko ( fish cakes ), nori ( seaweed ), boiled eggs, bean sprouts and / or black pepper ; occasionally the soup will also contain chili oil or Chinese spices, and some shops serve sliced beef instead of the usual chāshū.

The armistice, although occasionally broken, endured until August 13 when, with an allied army approaching Beijing to relieve the siege, the Chinese launched their heaviest fusillade on the Legation Quarter.

Chinese dragons are occasionally depicted with bat-like wings growing out of the front limbs, but most do not have wings, as their ability to fly ( and control rain / water, etc.

Although the Chinese translation of this name ( Báigāo dàguó 白高大國 ) was occasionally used in Tangut sources, the state was most commonly referred to as the " Great Xia " ( 大夏 ) in Western Xia Chinese-language sources or as the " Xia State " ( 夏國 ) in Song dynasty sources.

* Shearer additionally plays off of the bit occasionally during his weekly radio broadcast Le Show ; while imitating the voices of famous politicians having fictional conversations with each other about diplomatic visits to China, confusion ensues when discussing Chinese President Hu Jintao (" who?

However, he purports, " The fact that the Chinese did not like foreigner Y and occasionally picked a transcriptional character with negative meaning ( in Chinese ) to write the sound of his ethnonym, is irrelevant.

In the Tang Dynasty houses of pleasure, where drinking games were common, small puppets in the aspect of Westerners, in a ridiculous state of drunkenness, were used in one popular permutation of the drinking game ; so, in the form of blue-eyed, pointy nosed, and peak-capped barbarians, these puppets were manipulated in such a way as to occasionally fall down: then, whichever guest to whom the puppet pointed after falling was then obliged by honor to empty his cup of Chinese wine.

Historical groups once considered " barbarous " and occasionally still referenced pejoratively in Chinese include:

It is a rare visitor to Japan and Korea, mostly blown over from the Chinese wintering population, and is a rare vagrant to western North America, where birds are occasionally seen with flocks of migrating Sandhill Cranes.

Contract laborers arriving from China are usually required to pay their ( Chinese National ) recruitment agents fees equal to a year's total salary ( roughly $ 3, 500 ) and occasionally as high as two years ' salary, though the contracts are only one-year contracts, renewable at the employer's discretion.

Chinese alcoholic beverages are traditionally made from grains ; in southern China typically only glutinous rice, in northern China wheat, barley, millet, sorghum, and occasionally Job's tears are used.

Chinese alcoholic beverages may occasionally be made or flavoured with fruits, but this is rather rare ( it is more common in Korean wines ).

While most Chinese beers are pale lagers, other styles are occasionally found, such as Tsingtao Dark Beer.

In addition to these instruments are the khlui ( vertical fipple flute ) in several sizes and ranges, a goblet drum ( thon-rammana ) and, occasionally, a small hammered Chinese dulcimer ( khim ).

It is also known by its Chinese name of Pechurrin, and occasionally referred to as Haiku Hachi Ho ( a name given by Funakoshi ).

Before the end of the Chinese Civil War and the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the airport provided flight routes between Shanghai and Taipei, occasionally via Fuzhou.

Similar to the controversial reappropriation of the word nigger, the word chink has been used occasionally in a positive manner by ethnic Chinese.

Ong and his wife occasionally recite Chinese poetry and verses which they learnt during their younger days.

Dashan has occasionally delved into dramatic acting, often to portray other famous foreigners in Chinese history.

In a similar manner, in imperial China, writers of classical Chinese texts were expected to avoid using characters contained within the name of the currently ruling emperor as a sign of respect.

In 1951, in Taiwan, the Chinese Muslim Kuomintang General Bai Chongxi made a speech broadcast on radio to the entire Muslim world calling for a war against Russia, claiming that the " imperialist ogre " leader Stalin was engineering World War III, and Bai also called upon Muslims to avoid the Indian leader Jawaharlal Nehru, accusing him of being blind to Soviet imperialism.

Some Chinese scholars such as Zhou Tianyong, the vice director of research of the Central Party School, argue that gradual political reform as well as repression of those pushing for overly rapid change over the next thirty years will be essential if China is to avoid an overly turbulent transition to a middle class dominated polity.

Tonyukuk was a " guardian of Türk values " and rejected Taoism and Buddhism as unsuitable to a people of warriors, advising the Turks to " follow the water and the grass " ( i. e. to adhere to their nomadic lifestyle ) to avoid annexation by the Chinese Empire, as they numbered " less than a hundredth part of the Chinese ".

Hence, the Chinese character for Jun in Lee's name was changed to the homonym 振 instead, to avoid naming taboo in Chinese tradition.

* Song Dynasty Chinese judge and magistrate Bao Qingtian writes a memorial to the throne, warning about governmental corruption and a foreseeable bankruptcy of the Chinese iron industry, if increasingly poorer families continued to be listed on the register for iron-smelting households ( while more rich households avoid being listed for fear of financial calamity ).

Chinese businesses prefer to look upon relationship management to avoid conflicts-stemmed from a culture that heavily relies on Guanxi.

Thousands of Chinese women committed suicide ; The Daily Telegraph journalist E. J. Dillon stated it was to avoid rape by Alliance forces, and he witnessed the mutilated corpses of Chinese women who were raped and killed by the Alliance troops.

Nanking is the capital of China and the capture thereof is an international affair ; therefore, careful study should be made so as to exhibit the honor and glory of Japan and augment the trust of the Chinese people, and that the battle in the vicinity of Shanghai is aimed at the subjugation of the Chinese Army, therefore protect and patronize Chinese officials and people, as afar as possible ; the Army should always bear in mind not to involve foreign residents and armies in trouble and maintain close liaison with foreign authorities in order to avoid misunderstandings.

In European-influenced cultures, the dragon has aggressive, warlike connotations and it is conjectured that the Chinese government wishes to avoid using it as a symbol, but most Chinese disagree with this decision.

Chinese retailers tend to avoid decimal values ( such as ¥ 9. 99 ), opting instead for integer values of yuan ( such as ¥ 9 or ¥ 10 ).

They argued that such standards were not harmful to Chinese Americans, and were necessary to avoid resegregation of schools.

Please take a few moments to read Wikipedia: Chinese interlanguage links to avoid unnecessary extra work.

An incident involving British gunboats ( not shown in the film ) leads to the Captain ordering the crew not to fire on, or return fire from the Chinese, to avoid diplomatic incidents.

To avoid confusion, academic texts may call the primary branch of Chinese Yue, following the Mandarin pinyin spelling, and either restrict " Cantonese " to its common usage as the dialect of Guangzhou, or avoid the term " Cantonese " altogether and distinguish Yue from Canton or Guangzhou dialect.

By contrast, the ROC desired good relations with overseas Chinese as part of an overall strategy to avoid diplomatic isolation and maintain its claim to be the sole legitimate government of China.

This is commonly called Standard Written Chinese or Modern Written Chinese to avoid ambiguity with spoken vernaculars, with the written vernaculars of earlier eras, and with modern unofficial written vernaculars such as written Cantonese or written Hokkien.