For example: in Africa, the bronze heads of the Kingdom of Benin ; in Europe, Grecian bronzes typically of figures from Greek mythology ; in east Asia, Chinese bronzes of the Shang and Zhou dynasty — more often ceremonial vessels but including some figurine examples.

Some numismatists, however, regard these as well as later Chinese bronzes that were replicas of knives, spades, and hoes as money but not as coins because they did not at least initially carry a mark or marks certifying them to be of a definite exchange value.

Also unique for Chinese bronzes is the consistent use of high tin bronze ( 17 – 21 % tin ) which is very hard and breaks if stressed too far, whereas other cultures preferred lower tin bronze ( usually 10 %), which bends if stressed too far.

Chinese ritual bronzes from the Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties come from a period of over a thousand years from c. 1500, and have exerted a continuing influence over Chinese art.

His taste also ran to massive silver, small bronzes and works of vertu, enamels and rock crystal mounted in gold, Chinese porcelains, tapestries and Persian carpets, cabinets from Italy and Antwerp and the heart-shaped diamond bought from Alphonse Lopez that he willed to the king.

Left: Bronze 方樽 fāngzūn Chinese ritual bronzes | ritual wine container dated about 1000 BC.

From the late Shāng Dynasty, Chinese writing evolved into the form found in cast inscriptions on Chinese ritual bronzes made during the Western Zhou Dynasty ( c 1066 – 770 BC ) and the Spring and Autumn Period ( 770 – 476 BC ), a kind of writing called 金文 jīnwén " metal script ".

In 1973, archeologist Kim Cheong-bae ( 金貞培 ) denied Chinese influence on Korea because no ancient Chinese bronzes had been found on the peninsula.

In 1899, an antiques dealer from Shandong Province searching for Chinese bronzes in the area acquired a number of oracle bones from locals, several of which he sold to Wang Yirong, the chancellor of the Imperial Academy in Beijing.

Wang was a knowledgeable collector of Chinese bronzes and is believed to be the first person in modern times to recognize the oracle bones ' markings as ancient Chinese writing similar to that on Zhou dynasty bronzes.

In the museum ’ s Gallery of the Art of Asia and the Ancient Western World, ancient Chinese porcelains, Japanese paintings, classical Greek, Roman, and Etruscan vases, bronzes, and mosaics are on display.

Creel refers to the historical shift in ancient Chinese names for " god "; from Shang oracles that frequently used di and shangdi and rarely used tian to Zhou bronzes and texts that used tian more frequently than its synonym shangdi.

The late Shang oracle bone writings, along with a few contemporary characters in a different style cast in bronzes, constitute the earliest significant corpus of Chinese writing, which is essential for the study of Chinese etymology, as Shang writing is directly ancestral to the modern Chinese script.

Chinese bronze inscriptions, also commonly referred to as Bronze script or Bronzeware script are writing in a variety of Chinese scripts on Chinese ritual bronzes such as zhōng bells and dǐng tripodal cauldrons from the Shang dynasty to the Zhou dynasty and even later.

A Chinese cuisine | Chinese buffet restaurant in the United States of America

Carryout Chinese food is typically served in a Oyster pail | paper carton with a wire bail.

Since 1998, Harvard University wraps some of the valuable statues on its campus, such as this " Harvard Bixi | Chinese stele ", with waterproof covers every winter, in order to protect them from erosion caused by acid rain.

Since 1998, Harvard University wraps some of the bronze and marble statues on its campus, such as this " Harvard Bixi | Chinese stele ", with waterproof covers every winter, in order to protect them from erosion caused by acid rain ( or, actually, acid snow )

China | Chinese Ding ( vessel ) | Ding, Western Zhou ( 1046 – 771 BCE )

File: Ku K ' ai-chih 001. jpg | Section of the Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, c. 380 AD

File: Ku K ' ai-chih 002. jpg | Further section of the Admonitions Scroll by Chinese artist Gu Kaizhi, c. 380 AD

Chinese pu vessel with interlaced Chinese dragon | dragon design, Spring and Autumn Period

A Chinese Tang Dynasty tricolored Ceramic glaze | glaze porcelain horse ( ca.

Chinese and Arabic numerals may coexist, as on this kilometer marker: 1620 km on China National Highway 209 | Hwy G209 ( G二〇九 )

Chinese ceramic glaze | glaze d stoneware statue of a Taoist deity, from the Ming Dynasty, 16th century.

Image: Keyboard layout Chinese Traditional. png | Chinese ( traditional ) keyboard layout, a US keyboard with Zhuyin, Cangjie and Dayi key labels, which can all be used to input Chinese characters into a computer

Deep-fried mantou, a popular Chinese dessert, served with Condensed milk | sweetened condensed milk

Chiang's body was not buried in the traditional Chinese manner but entombed in his former residence in Cihu Mausoleum | Cihu in respect for his wish to be buried in his native Fenghua.

File: Chuangzi Nu1. jpg | Chinese Chuangzi Nu stationary windlass device with triple-bow arcuballista

Image: Zhugenu-payne. jpg | Chinese repeating crossbow with pull lever and automatic reload magazine

Image: Liannu. jpg | Chinese Lian Nu ( 連弩 ), multiple shot crossbow without a visible nut or cocking aid

Communist Party of China | Communist soldiers during the Battle of Siping, Chinese Civil War, 1946

These were replicas in bronze of earlier Chinese money, cowry shells, so they were named Bronze Shell.

The first universally accepted true Chinese dynasty was the Bronze Age Shang Dynasty, 1766-1050 BC.

Thus the concrete existence of the Xia is yet to be proven, despite efforts by Chinese archaeologists to link Xia with Bronze Age Erlitou archaeological sites.

Bronze Chinese charioteer from the Warring States Period ( 403 – 221 BC )

Chinese jade was attributed with magical powers, and was used in the Stone and Bronze Ages for large and impractical versions of everyday weapons and tools, as well as the bi disks and cong vessels.

Bronze, gold and silver, rhinoceros horn, Chinese silk, ivory, lacquer, cloisonne enamel and many other materials had specialist artists working in them.

Although the archaeological record shows clearly that multiple cultures and kingdoms existed in the area that was to become China, Chinese archaeologists continue to date all Bronze Age sites to the Xia, Shang or Zhou, implying that the territory controlled today belonged to the ancestors of the current Chinese state.

While it was long thought that the Chinese had developed the blast furnace and cast iron as their first method of iron production, Donald Wagner ( the author of the above referenced study ) has published a more recent paper that supersedes some of the statements in the earlier work ; the newer paper still places the date of the first cast-iron artifacts at the 4th and 5th centuries BC, but also provides evidence of earlier bloomery furnace use, which migrated in from the West during the beginning of the Chinese Bronze Age of the late Longshan culture ( 2000 BC ).

Bronze holds an important place in Chinese culture, and was always an important part of state ceremony.

* Gallery of Ancient Chinese Bronze

Chinese Bronze script for tian 天 " heaven "

Oracle bone script () refers to incised ( or, rarely, brush-written ) ancient Chinese characters found on oracle bones, which were animal bones or turtle shells used in divination in Bronze Age China.

The arrival into Britain of thousands of Chinese in the 1970s introduced Traditional Chinese Medicine – a system dating back to the Bronze Age or earlier that used acupuncture, herbs, diet and exercise.

Many archeological sites dating to the neolithic and Bronze ages have been found along the river, as well as relics and ruins from a settlement believed to be the Chinese Lelang Commandery which was eventually conquered by Koguryo.

Chen ( 陳, Bronze script: 敶 ) was a minor Zhou Dynasty vassal state during the Spring and Autumn Period of Chinese History.

While most automobile producers limited themselves to a single color combination, and Ford relied exclusively on the fast-drying Japan Black lacquer which cured in a matter of hours, Jordan automobiles were available in no less than three colors of red-" Apache Red ", " Mercedes Red ", and " Savage Red "- as well as " Ocean Sand Gray ", " Venetian Green ", " Briarcliff Green ", " Egyptian Bronze ", " Liberty Blue ", and " Chinese Blue ".

Star names later categorized in the twenty-eight mansions have been found on oracle bones unearthed at Anyang, dating back to the middle Shang Dynasty ( Chinese Bronze Age ), and the mansion ( xiù: 宿 ) system's nucleus seems to have taken shape by the time of the ruler Wu Ding ( 1339-1281 BC ).