Cicero's accusations of sexual profligacy against Clodius, including the attempt to seduce Caesar's wife into adultery and incestuous relations with his sisters, fail to enlarge in scope over time, as Clodius's marriage to the formidable Fulvia appears to have been an enduring model of fidelity until death cut it short.

In particular, Cicero's prosecution of Catiline for a supposed conspiracy is presented as a witch-hunt and Parenti notes nine suspicious flaws in Cicero's accusations .( p.

In these, his first appearance is in the Trial of Rabirius, but this is placed rather later in the political year than it is usually stated as having been, orchestrated by Caesar as a reaction to Cicero's decision to have several Catiline conspirators executed without trial while the " Senatus Consultum Ultimum " is in force-rather than as a prior warning against such an action before the decree was even in place.

To set the plan in motion, Gaius Cornelius and Lucius Vargunteius were to assassinate Cicero early in the morning on November 7, 63 BC, but Quintus Curius, a senator, who would eventually become one of Cicero's chief informants warned Cicero of the threat through his mistress Fulvia.

Brutus in 83 BC actually succeeded in establishing a colony, but it was soon dissolved ; and Cicero's speeches De Lege Agrania were directed against a similar attempt by Servilius Rullus in 63 BC.

Later in the book Cruttwell omits Teuffel's first half of the Ciceronian and starts the Golden Age at Cicero's consulship of 63 BC, an error perpetuated into Cruttwell's second edition as well.

* Imperium and Conspirata: A Novel of Ancient Rome by Robert Harris, the first two volumes of a trilogy of fictionalized biography told by his slave, later freedman, Tiro depicting Cicero's rise to the consulship in 63 BC and subsequent role in the final days of the Republic.

Publius Cornelius Lentulus Spinther first attained public office in 63 BC ( the year of Cicero's consulship ) when he was voted curule aedile.

:* Lucius Valerius Flaccus ( praetor 63 BC ), son of the preceding ; see also Cicero's speech Pro Flacco

As an example of how the word natio was employed in classical Latin, the following quote from Cicero's Philippics Against Mark Antony in 44 BC contrasts the external, inferior nationes (" races of people ") with the Roman civitas (" community "):

In 73 BC, he was brought to trial for adultery with the Vestal Virgin, Fabia, who was a half-sister of Cicero's wife, Terentia, but Quintus Lutatius Catulus, the principal leader of the Optimates, testified in his favor, and eventually Catiline was acquitted.

The destruction of Corinth ( 146 BC ) brought Sicyon an acquisition of territory and the presidency over the Isthmian games ; yet in Cicero's time it had fallen deep into debt.

In Ancient Rome, Marcus Tullius Tiro ( 103 – 4 BC ), a slave and later a freedman of Cicero, developed the Tironian notes so he could write down Cicero's speeches.

50 BC ), admitted to the order in 80 BC, half-sister of Terentia ( Cicero's first wife ), and a wife of Dolabella who later married her niece Tullia ; she was probably mother of the later consul of that name.

* Furius Crassipes, quaestor in Bithynia, 51 BC, and husband of Cicero's daughter, Tullia.

A passage in Cicero's On the Republic ( 54 – 51 BC ) is one of many by Greek and Roman authors who refer to sun dogs and similar phenomena:

Cicero's De re publica (= about the res publica ), a treatise of the 1st century BC in Socratic dialogue format, takes the res publica as its subject.

* Cicero's de Natura Deorum ( 45 BC )

Cicero's attacks on Antony were neither forgiven nor forgotten, with the result that he was subsequently proscribed and killed in 43 BC.

Cicero's well-to-do father arranged for him to be educated with his brother in Rome, Athens and probably Rhodes in 79-77 BC.

The single view of the seven planets is found in Cicero's Dream of Scipio, written sometime around 53 BC, where the spirit of Scipio Africanus proclaims, " Seven of these spheres contain the planets, one planet in each sphere, which all move contrary to the movement of heaven.

He was freed in 53 BC and accompanied Cicero to Cilicia during Cicero's governorship there, although he was frequently separated from his patron due to poor health, and many of Cicero's letters refer with concern to his illnesses.

After Cicero's death Tiro bought an estate near Puteoli, where Jerome says he died in 4 BC at the age of ninety-nine.

He is best known for his trial for public violence ( de vi publica ) in March 56 BC, when Cicero defended him in the extant speech Pro Caelio, and as both recipient and author of some of the best-written letters in the ad Familiares corpus of Cicero's extant correspondence.

Despite the popular adulation of gladiators, they were set apart, despised ; and despite Cicero's contempt for the mob, he shared their admiration: " Even when have been felled, let alone when they are standing and fighting, they never disgrace themselves.

Cicero's works on oratory are our most valuable Latin sources for ancient theories on education and rhetoric.

The law may also have been used to prosecute adult male citizens who willingly took a pathic role in same-sex acts, but prosecutions are rarely recorded and the provisions of the law are vague ; as John Boswell has noted, " if there was a law against homosexual relations, no one in Cicero's day knew anything about it.

Cicero's troops are trapped, outnumbered, and blocked from help as their messengers are intercepted.

Many of Cicero's etymological derivations are not to be taken seriously, and may indeed have been intended ironically. Nevertheless, this particular derivation of Cicero's has been accepted by some authors, some even suggesting that Dis Pater is a direct loan translation of Ploutōn.

Two excellent specimens of Sulpicius's style are preserved in Cicero's letters.

He translated Cicero's De officiis as Marcus Tullius Ciceroes thre bokes of duties ( 1556 ); a Latin paraphrase of Virgil's Georgics ( printed 1591 ) is attributed to him, but most of the works assigned to him by Bale are lost.

Several letters written by Decimus Brutus during the last two years of his life are preserved among Cicero's collected correspondence.

Because most surviving Zonal maps are found illustrating Macrobius ' Commentary on Cicero's Dream of Scipio ( an excerpt of Cicero's De Re Publica ), this type of map is sometimes called " Macrobian ".

Thaïs ' words from the play are quoted in Cicero's essay De Amicitia.

On the front of the building is the painted inscription Bibliotheca Pepysiana 1724 which records the date of arrival of the library ; above it are painted Pepys's arms and his motto " Mens cujusque is est quisque " (" The mind's the man " taken from Cicero's De re publica ).

During the reigns of Claudius and Nero he compiled for his sons, from various sources -- e. g. the Gazette ( Aetablica ), shorthand reports or skeletons ( commentarii ) of Cicero's unpublished speeches, Tiro's life of Cicero, speeches and letters of Cicero's contemporaries, various historical writers, e. g. Varro, Atticus, Antias, Tuditanus and Fenestella ( a contemporary of Livy whom he often criticizes ) -- historical commentaries on Cicero's speeches, of which only five, viz, in Pisonem, pro Scauro, pro Milone, pro Cornelio and in toga candida, in a very mutilated edition, are preserved, under the modern title Q. Asconii Pediani Orationvm Ciceronis qvinqve enarratio.

These correlations can be ( and are ) argued in the opposite direction as well, however ; the similarities between the Commentariolum and M. Cicero's later works may be the result of M. Cicero being influenced by the letter from his brother.

It was commonly used, along with Cicero's De Inventione, to teach rhetoric, and its popularity is evidenced by the large number of surviving manuscripts — over one hundred are extant.

Scipio Africanus, the main character of Cicero's dialogue expresses his esteem for Plato and Socrates when they are talking about the " Res publica ".

While in Plato's Republic Socrates and his friends discuss the nature of the city and are engaged in providing the foundations of every state they are living in-which was Athenian democracy, oligarchy or tyranny-in Cicero's De re publica all comments, are more parochial about ( the improvement of ) the organization of the state the participants live in, which was the Roman Republic in its final stages.

Although she may have also stayed at the home of Tullia's husband Piso, it is likely that Terentia spent the entire duration of Cicero's exile living with Fabia and the Vestals.

" This maxim was likely first written in these words by Cicero in his published oration Pro Milone, although Cicero's actual wording was " Silent enim leges inter arma.