Before the mention of Alemanni in the time of Caracalla, you would search in vain for Alemanni in the moderately detailed geography of southern Germany in Claudius Ptolemy, written in Greek in the mid-2nd century ; it is likely that at that time, the people who later used that name were known by other designations.

In the 2nd century AD, Claudius Ptolemy catalogued 37 stars in Centaurus.

Pappus believed these results to be important in astronomy and included Euclid's Optics, along with his Phaenomena, in the Little Astronomy, a compendium of smaller works to be studied before the Syntaxis ( Almagest ) of Claudius Ptolemy.

* Claudius Ptolemy 83 – c. 168 AD, Roman Empire ( Roman Egypt )

150, Claudius Ptolemaeus ( Ptolemy ) recorded, in books VII-VIII of his Almagest, five stars that appeared nebulous.

The name Claudius is a Roman nomen ; the fact that Ptolemy bore it indicates he lived under the Roman rule of Egypt with the privileges and political rights of Roman citizenship.

The mathematician Claudius Ptolemy ' the Alexandrian ' as imagined by a 16th century artist

Claudius Ptolemy: The Geography.

The 2nd century geographer Claudius Ptolemy mentions that the Kasouarioi lived to the east of the Abnoba mountains, in the vicinity of Hesse.

In addition, the period saw the recovery of much of the Alexandrian mathematical, geometric and astronomical knowledge, such as that of Euclid and Claudius Ptolemy.

Claudius Ptolemy ( c. AD 130-170 ), the father of classical astrology, almost completely ignored houses ( Templa as Manlius calls them ) in his astrological text, Tetrabiblos.

— Claudius Ptolemy ( in his work Optics ) wrote about the properties of light including: reflection, refraction, and color and tabulated angles of refraction for several media

* c. 150 CE – Claudius Ptolemy completes his Almagest that codifies the astronomical knowledge of his time and cements the geocentric model in the West

In the system of Claudius Ptolemy ( fl.

* Ptolemy – the Latin translation of Claudius Ptolemy's work Planisphaerium is a significant work which was produced in Toulouse in 1143.

Claudius Ptolemy ( c. 120 CE ) was an ancient astronomer and astrologer in early Imperial Roman times who wrote several books on astronomy.

Claudius Ptolemy refined the deferent / epicycle concept and introduced the equant as a mechanism for accounting for velocity variations in the motions of the planets.

Written in Greek by Claudius Ptolemy, a Roman era scholar of Egypt, it is one of the most influential scientific texts of all time, with its geocentric model accepted for more than twelve hundred years from its origin in Hellenistic Alexandria, in the medieval Byzantine and Islamic worlds, and in Western Europe through the Middle Ages and early Renaissance until Copernicus.

According to Claudius Ptolemy in his work Almagest, this gave rise to an era beginning noon on February 26, 747 BC when the Anno Nabonassari began, but prior to the hellenistic period there is no trace of this era.

In his book Geographia ( c. 150 AD ), Claudius Ptolemaeus (" Ptolemy ") called the island Iouerníā ( written ).

The scientists Claudius Ptolemy and Johannes Kepler also contributed to the creation of optometry.

* Ptolemy, Claudius.

The terms " inferior planet " and " superior planet " were originally used in the geocentric cosmology of Claudius Ptolemy to differentiate as ' inferior ' those planets ( Mercury and Venus ) whose epicycle remained collinear with the Earth and Sun, compared to the ' superior ' planets ( Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn ) that did not.

The name was still retained by geographers, though its boundaries are not distinctly defined by the geographer Claudius Ptolemy.

Claudius II (; May 10, 213 – January 270 ), commonly known as Claudius Gothicus, was Roman Emperor from 268 to 270.

That the Helvetians originally lived in southern Germany is confirmed by the Alexandrian geographer Claudius Ptolemaios ( ca.

Around 150, the town appeared as Noviomagus ( New field ) on the world map of the Greek Claudius Ptolemaios.

He is said ( e. g. by Roman astronomer / astrologer Vettius Valens ) to have published tables to compute the motion of the Moon ; said to have been used by the Greeks, until superseded by the work of Hipparchus and later by Ptolemy ( Claudius Ptolemaios ).

Germanicus had two younger siblings ; a sister, named Livilla, and a brother, the future Emperor Claudius.

Accounts vary wildly with regard to this private incident and according to more modern sources, it is possible ( but exceedingly convenient ) that Claudius died of natural causes ; Claudius was 63 years old.

* Tiberius Plautius Silvanus Aelianus, adopted nephew of Plautia Urgulanilla, first wife of Claudius ; consul 45 and 74 AD

Claudius ( Latin: Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ; 1 August 10 BC – 13 October AD 54 ) was Roman Emperor from 41 to 54.

Claudius ' infirmity probably saved him from the fate of many other nobles during the purges of Tiberius and Caligula's reigns ; potential enemies did not see him as a serious threat.

Claudius was constantly forced to shore up his position ; this resulted in the deaths of many senators.

The Stoic Seneca states in his Apocolocyntosis that Claudius ' voice belonged to no land animal, and that his hands were weak as well ; however, he showed no physical deformity, as Suetonius notes that when calm and seated he was a tall, well-built figure of dignitas.

Caligula has been played by Ralph Bates in the 1968 ITV television series The Caesars ; John Hurt in the 1976 BBC television series I, Claudius ; John McEnery in the 1985 miniseries A. D .; Szabolcs Hajdu in the 1996 film Caligula ; and John Simm in the 2004 miniseries Imperium Nerone.

Two English translations of the Various History, by Fleming ( 1576 ) and Stanley ( 1665 ) made Aelian's miscellany available to English readers, but after 1665 no English translation appeared, until three English translations appeared almost simultaneously: James G. DeVoto, Claudius Aelianus: Ποιϰίλης Ἱοτορίας (" Varia Historia ") Chicago, 1995 ; Diane Ostrom Johnson, An English Translation of Claudius Aelianus ' " Varia Historia ", 1997 ; and N. G. Wilson, Aelian: Historical Miscellany in the Loeb Classical Library.

One version has Claudius selected as Emperor by the conspirators, another chosen by Gallienus on his death bed ; the Historia Augusta was concerned to substantiate the descent of the Constantinian dynasty from Claudius, and this may explain its accounts which do not involve Claudius in the murder.

Claudius convinces Laertes that Hamlet is solely responsible ; then news arrives that Hamlet is still alive — a story is spread that his ship was attacked by pirates on the way to England, and he has returned to Denmark.

His very first words in the play are a pun ; when Claudius addresses him as " my cousin Hamlet, and my son ", Hamlet says as an aside: " A little more than kin, and less than kind.

It would be three centuries before Claudius Ptolemaeus ' synthesis of astronomy would supersede the work of Hipparchus ; it is heavily dependent on it in many areas.

The Julio-Claudian dynasty normally refers to the first five Roman Emperors: Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula ( also known as Gaius ), Claudius, and Nero, or the family to which they belonged ; they ruled the Roman Empire from its formation, in the second half of the 1st century ( 44 / 31 / 27 ) BC, until AD 68, when the last of the line, Nero, committed suicide.

Julius and Claudius were two Roman family names ; in classical Latin, they came second.