Clausewitz's emphasis on the inherent superiority of the defense suggests that habitual aggressors are likely to end up as failures.

Rather, the Trinity of forces that drive the course of real-world war in Clausewitz's view are 1 ) violent emotion, 2 ) the interplay of chance and probability, and 3 ) political calculations driven by reason.

Clausewitz's trilogies ( albeit used out of context ) are contested by Liddell Hart, who claims in Strategy that a poor choice of words by Clausewitz led his interpreters to overestimate the value of annihilation battles.

Although most of the confusion over " absolute war " is the result of sloppy reading ( or no reading ) of Clausewitz's actual discussion in Book One of On War ( the only part of Clausewitz's unfinished draft that he considered to be in finished form ), some careful readers point out that there are several references in later sections of the book ( which, somewhat confusingly, are derived from earlier drafts ) to " absolute war " that reflect an earlier conception of such war as simply the more extreme reaches of the forms that Napoleonic warfare had actually achieved.

" Carl Philipp Gottfried " appears on Clausewitz's tombstone and thus is most likely to be correct.

Under Conner's tutelage, he studied military history and theory ( including Carl von Clausewitz's On War ), and later cited Conner's enormous influence on his military thinking, saying in 1962 that " Fox Conner was the ablest man I ever knew.

* Publication begins ( posthumously ) of Carl von Clausewitz's Vom Kriege (" On War ").

This is well in line with Western military strategy dating at least from Carl von Clausewitz's On War.

Later he moved to Yan ' an, where he translated Carl von Clausewitz's classic treatise On War into Chinese, receiving praise from Communist commanders Zhu De and Ye Jianying.

Instead of this, Barnett argues that Carl von Clausewitz's " Theory of War " as a continuation of politics still holds true, giving examples such as the Provisional IRA's campaign (" the classic contemporary demonstration of Clausewitzian principles in action ") and Yugoslavia (" where Nato has simply frozen a war which will certainly break out again if and when the intervention forces leave ").

While Hess and Hitler were imprisoned after the Munich Putsch in 1923, Haushofer spent six hours visiting the two, bringing along a copy of Friedrich Ratzel's Political Geography and Carl von Clausewitz's Vom Kriege.

He cites Clausewitz's dictum that one must strike one's enemy's " center of gravity ", and pairs it with an al Qaeda writer's assertion that " the American economy is the American center of gravity ".

His thinking is often described as Hegelian because of his references to dialectical thinking but, although he probably knew Hegel, Clausewitz's dialectic is quite different and there is little reason to consider him a disciple.

The " dualism " of Clausewitz's view of war ( i. e., that wars can vary a great deal between the two " poles " he proposed, based on the political objectives of the opposing sides and the context ) seems simple enough, but few commentators have proven willing to accept this crucial variability — they insist that Clausewitz " really " argued for one end of the scale or the other.

Much of Clausewitz's thinking was based on his experience as a Prussian war planner concerned with how to use popular forces in an insurrectionary struggle against the much-superior French forces which occupied Prussia after 1806 — how, in short, to wage a " Spanish War in Germany.

: a.: For example, writing in his introduction to Sun Tzu's Art of War, B. H. Liddell Hart stated that " Civilization might have been spared much of the damage suffered in the world wars of this century if the influence of Clausewitz's monumental tome On War, which molded European military thought in the era preceding the First World War, had been blended with and balanced by a knowledge of Sun Tzu's exposition on The Art of War.

Another German strategist of the period was Hans Delbrück who expanded on Clausewitz's concept of " limited warfare " to produce a theory on the " strategy of exhaustion ".

The first was Clausewitz's On War, which was part of a Special Subject on military history and the theory of war.

Keegan was described as " profoundly mistaken " and Bassford stated that " Nothing anywhere in Keegan's work – despite his many diatribes about Clausewitz and ' the Clausewitzians ' – reflects any reading whatsoever of Clausewitz's own writings.

It clearly contains material written at different stages in Clausewitz's intellectual evolution, producing some significant contradictions between different sections, and the sequence and precise character of that evolution is a source of much debate.

Bond talks about the meaning of power with a number of villains in the series and his conversation with Dr. No shows that No believes that it can only be secured with privacy, quoting Clausewitz's first principle.

Clausewitz's On War has become the respected reference for strategy, dealing with political, as well as military, leadership.

He made a distinction between two possible strategies in war: attrition and annihilation ( in German, Ermattungsstrategie and Niederwerfungsstrategie, respectively ), derived from Clausewitz's distinctions between strategies seeking limited objectives and strategies aimed at rendering one's opponent militarily helpless, the latter often confused with the concept of " Total War " ( a term Clausewitz did not use ) advocated by Ludendorff and rejected by Delbrück during WWI.

He is credited with having introduced Clausewitz's military theories and the Prussian concept of war games ( kriegspiel ) in a process of refining tactics.

The editor of the archduke's work is able to make but a feeble defense against Clausewitz's reproach that Charles attached more value to ground than to the annihilation of the foe.

Clausewitz's father was once a lieutenant in the Prussian army and held a minor post in the Prussian internal revenue service.

Clausewitz's family claimed descent from the Barons of Clausewitz in Upper Silesia, which was eventually confirmed, but now is doubted by scholars.

Clausewitz's work is still studied today, demonstrating its continued relevance.

" The second, often treated as Clausewitz's ' bottom line ,' is in fact merely his dialectical antithesis: " War is merely the continuation of policy by other means.

The word " strategy " had only recently come into usage in modern Europe, and Clausewitz's definition is quite narrow: " the use of engagements for the object of war.

Clausewitz's " fascinating trinity " ( wunderliche Dreifaltigkeit ) comprises ( 1 ) a blind impulse, located in the people and their passions, including hate and enmity, ( 2 ) free will, which belongs to the army and its leader and includes chance and probability, and ( 3 ) pure reason, which pertains to the government.

In any case, revolutionaries like Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin, and Mao Zedong had no trouble adapting Clausewitz's concepts to their own purposes.

" This comment is tempered by the comment that the " ill-effects of Clausewitz's teaching arose largely from his disciples ' too shallow and too extreme interpretation of it ," but it remains an influential criticism.

The books of the Old Testament, showing their positions in both the Tanakh ( Hebrew Bible, shown with their names in Hebrew ) and Christian Bibles.

* Cell ( archaeology ) The term may be applied to a monks church in Ireland, usually early Christian Place names in Ireland

When they have a proven record of healing, they may submit their names for publication in the directory of practitioners and teachers in the Christian Science Journal.

People were ordered by law to drop their Western Christian names ; the titles Mr. and Mrs. were abandoned for the male and female versions of the French word for " citizen "; Men were forbidden to wear suits, and women to wear pants.

Of note here is that while Plotinus ' student Porphyry names Christianity specifically in Porphyry's own works, and Plotinus is to have been a known associate of the Christian Origen, none of Plotinus ' works mention Christ or Christianity.

Most historians believe that the word " Dagome " is a melding of two names: the Christian " Dago ," for " Dagobert " ( Mieszko's hypothetical baptismal name ), and the Slavic " Me ," for " Mieszko.

The Eucharist (), also called Holy Communion, the Sacrament of the Altar, the Blessed Sacrament, the Lord's Supper, and other names, is a Christian sacrament or ordinance.

" Biographical Notice of Ellis and Acton Bell " that their " ambiguous choice " was " dictated by a sort of conscientious scruple at assuming Christian names positively masculine, while we did not like to declare ourselves women, because ... we had a vague impression that authoresses are liable to be looked on with prejudice " Charlotte contributed 20 poems, and Emily and Anne each contributed 21.

Adherents use several names to describe themselves, including Second Advent Christian, Swedenborgian and New Church.

An example of such intellectual catholicity was set by Anatoli himself ; for, in the course of his " Malmad ," he not only cites incidentally allegoric suggestions made to him by Frederick II., but several times — Güdemann has counted seventeen — he offers the exegetic remarks of a certain Christian savant of whose association he speaks most reverently, and whom, furthermore, he names as his second master besides Samuel ibn Tibbon.

It survived long into Christian times and is still celebrated under a variety of names.

However, some historians believe that the word " Dagome " is a melding of two names: the Christian " Dago ," for " Dagobert " ( Mieszko's hypothetical baptismal name ), and the Slavic " Me ," for " Mieszko.

Carvings by famous names like Junghanel, Klaus Mertens, Karl, Olaf Kolbe, Petersen, Christian Ulbricht and especially the Steinbach nutcrackers have become collectors ' items.

The Christian names for the books are derived from the Greek Septuagint and reflect the essential theme of each book:

Eva Malagoli varied this source-oriented approach by using both the English Christian names and the adjective earnest, thus preserving the pun and the English character of the play, but possibly straining an Italian reader.

There pagan religious rites were applied and the names of pagan divinities invoked ; there the precepts of modesty, purity, and humanity were ignored or set aside, and there no place was offered to the onlookers for the cultivation of the Christian graces.

Amongst Christians, Yasu — an Arabic transliteration of the name of the Christian Jesus — Yahweh, or Shaddai, translated, that is, " Almighty ", are common, with some other names and titles generally borrowed as transliterations from Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek.

Whatever the case, John of Damascus had two names: John, his Christian name, and his Arabic name, given as Qurein or Yana or Iyanis.

Many contemporary Christian denominations incorporate this tune into hymnals, under various names, including " Lord of the Dance ," adapted in 1963 by English poet and songwriter Sydney Carter.

These letters patent state that henceforth only the children of the Sovereign, the children of the sons of the Sovereign, and the eldest son of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales would " have and at all times hold and enjoy the style, title or attribute of Royal Highness with their titular dignity of Prince or Princess prefixed to their respective Christian names or with their other titles of honour.

As Domesday Book normally records only the Christian name of an under-tenant, it is not possible to search for the surnames of families claiming a Norman origin ; but much has been done, and is still being done, to identify the under-tenants, the great bulk of whom bear foreign Christian names.

Hippolytus ( AD 170 – 236 ), considered to have been one of the most learned Christian historians, puts names to the seventy disciples whom Jesus sent forth in Luke 10, includes Aristobulus of Romans 16: 10 with Joseph, and states that he ended up becoming a pastor in Britain.

The underlying theology in these works of Christian demonology encourages the magician to fortify himself with fasting, prayers, and sacraments, so that by using the holy names of God in the sacred languages, he could use divine powers to coerce demons into appearing and serving his usually lustful or avaricious magical goals.