A Plebeian adopted by a Patrician would become a patrician, and vice versa ; however, at least in Republican times, this required the consent of the Senate ( famously in the case of Publius Clodius Pulcher ).

Clodius, however, was on horseback, without a carriage, his wife or his usual retinue but with a band of armed brigands and slaves.

Though initially an optimate, Curio became a popularis soon after marrying Fulvia, and continued many of Clodius ' popularist policies.

Cyprus became a Roman province in 58 BC, according to Strabo because Publius Clodius Pulcher held a grudge against Ptolemy and sent Marcus Cato to conquer the island after he had become tribune.

He became a Tribune of the Plebs in 52 BC, the year in which the followers of Milo killed Clodius in a street brawl.

Born as Publius Claudius Pulcher in 93 BC, the youngest son of Appius Claudius, he became known as Publius Clodius after his controversial adoption into the plebeian family of Fontei in 59 BC.

When it was all over Clodius ' politics had been transformed and became more deeply personal than ever before.

Clodius became exhilarated with his power and importance and wasted no time enacting a substantial legislative programme.

When Severus became emperor in 193 he had a civil war waiting for him, against rivals such as Pescennius Niger and Clodius Albinus.

Arabia became such a symbol of loyalty to Severus and the empire, according to Bowersock, that during his war against Clodius Albinus, in Gaul, Syrian opponents propagated a rumour that the Third Cyrenaica had defected.

He became an ally of Cicero, a reluctant ally of Cato the Younger, a close friend of Titus Annius Milo, and a mortal enemy of Publius Clodius Pulcher.

It was probably in Rome that Catullus fell deeply in love with the " Lesbia " of his poems, who is usually identified with Clodia Metelli, a sophisticated woman from the aristocratic house of patrician family Claudii Pulchri and sister of the infamous Publius Clodius Pulcher.

On 19 February 197, in the Battle of Lugdunum, with an army of about 75, 000 men, mostly composed of Illyrian, Moesian and Dacian legions, Severus defeated and killed Clodius Albinus, securing his full control over the Empire.

* Clodius Albinus, who had been proclaimed emperor in Britain, crosses into Gaul with his legions, while at the same time recruiting new soldiers.

* The Roman governors Clodius Albinus ( Britannia ) and Pescennius Niger ( Syria ) claim with support of their troops the imperial throne.

* Septimius Severus finally gains control of the Roman Empire, in Britain Clodius Albinus allies with him and accepted the title of Caesar.

As the rites had been vitiated, the Vestals were obliged to repeat them, and after further inquiry by the senate and pontifices, Clodius was charged with desecration, which carried a death sentence.

Following the defeat of Clodius Albinus and his allies by Septimius Severus at Lugdunum, Roma was removed from the Lugdunum cult ara to the temple, where along with the Augusti she was co-opted into a new and repressive formulation of Imperial cult.

The name " Niger " means " black ", which incidentally, contrasts him with one of his rivals for the throne in 194, Clodius Albinus, whose name means " white ".

In autumn 196, Albinus proclaimed himself Emperor ( Imperator Caesar Decimus Clodius Septimius Albinus Augustus ), crossed from Britain to Gaul, bringing a large part of the British garrison with him.

Apart from the fact that he may well have been guilty, Clodius ' faction was nearly out of control and could hardly be appeased with less.

Milo appears in Conn Iggulden's book The Field of Swords, the third in the series Emperor, as a street gangster who wages a private war with Publius Clodius.

The first one on the right, decorated on the outside with paintings of funereal banquets and the miracle of the calling out of Cerasa's demons, on the inside contains paintings ( including a ceiling painting of a Gorgon's head ) and inhumation burials and has a surviving inscription reading " Marcus Clodius Hermes ", the name of its owner.

Along with her brother Publius Clodius Pulcher, she changed her patrician name to Clodia, with a plebeian connotation.

Cicero accused Clodia of being a seducer and a drunkard in Rome and in Baiae and alluded to the persistent rumours of an incestuous relationship with Clodius.

Alternatively, many historians link the building of London Wall with the political crisis that had emerged in the 190s when two men — Septimius Severus, and the governor of Britain ( and usurper ) Clodius Albinus — both claimed the right to succeed as Emperor.

In 58 BC, when consul, Piso and his colleague, Aulus Gabinius, entered into a compact with Publius Clodius, with the object of getting Marcus Tullius Cicero out of the way.

Returning to Rome in 66 BC, Clodius was in serious need of protection from his brother-in-law because of the treason he had committed in Lucullus ' army, and his incestuous relations with Lucullus ' wife, which Lucullus had discovered upon his return the same year and prompted him to divorce her.

He returned to Rome with his commander in 63 in time for the elections at which Murena secured his family's first consulate, mainly with the help of Lucullus ' army veterans and the consul Cicero, Clodius almost certainly having assisted as well.

Lucullus provided numerous slaves from his household to testify to Clodius ' incest with his sister when she had been his wife, the same Claudia who had attempted to supplant Terentia as Cicero's wife.

In the late Republic the patrician politician Clodius arranged for his adoption by a plebeian branch of his family, and successfully ran for the tribunate.

Most of those who used the spelling Clodius were descended from plebeian members of the gens, but one family by this name was a cadet branch of the patrician Claudii Pulchri, which voluntarily went over to the plebeians, and used the spelling Clodius to differentiate themselves from their patrician relatives.

Large families were not the norm among the elite even by the Late Republic ; the family of Clodius Pulcher, who had at least three sisters and two brothers, was considered unusual.

He was from a less distinguished family than Clodius ', being from a new consular family, but he may have had more wealth.

He served as Quaestor around 60 BC, during which he attempted to prevent the adoption of Publius Clodius Pulcher into a plebeian family, against the wishes of the Triumvirs.

Cicero was asserting that the killing of Clodius was admissible so long as it was an act of self-defence ; postulating that in extreme cases, where one's own life is immediately threatened, violence without proper regard to the laws is justifiable.

On 16 November, Clodius took office as tribune of the plebs and began preparations for his destruction of Cicero and an extensive populist legislative program in order to bind as much of the community as possible to his policies as beneficiaries.

From the year 1677 till the beginning of the eighteenth century there were two Christian printing establishments in Frankfurt at which Hebrew books were printed: ( 1 ) The press owned till 1694 by Balthasar Christian Wust, who began with David Clodius ' Hebrew Bible ; his last work was the unvocalized Bible prepared by Eisenmenger, 1694 ; up to 1707 the press was continued by John Wust.

* Julius Caesar divorces Pompeia, following the sacrilege of Clodius.

In his absence, he was subsequently convicted on three different charges: of using bribery in his campaign for consulship under the lex Pompeia de ambitu, of malpractice under the law on illegal association ( lex Licinia de sodaliciis ) and of Clodius ' murder under the ordinary violence law ( lex Plautia de vi ).

Clodius went in dressed as a woman, and sought out Pompeia, but was discovered by a servant girl when forced to speak.

Clodius ' possible involvement with Caesar's second wife Pompeia and his attempt to attend the secret rites of the Bona Dea are mentioned ( though these events are shifted in time ).

However a young patrician named Publius Clodius Pulcher managed to gain admittance disguised as a woman, apparently for the purpose of seducing Pompeia.