There has traditionally been a strong element of Collegiality in the governance of Universities and other higher education institutions.

Collegiality is often contrasted with Managerialism which has a more hierarchical structure, with professional managers in leading positions.

Collegiality is the relationship between colleagues.

Collegiality in the East and the West in the First millennium.

Collegiality and the Academic Library.

How Culture Mattered at Vatican II: Collegiality Trumps Authority in the Council ’ s Social Movement Organizations.

The title refers to the nickname given his wife by the composer, who is also a member of the National Film Board of Canada.

Russell also refers to Aristotle's ethics as " repulsive ", and calls his logic " as definitely antiquated as Ptolemaic astronomy ".

Agriculture generally speaking refers to human activities, although it is also observed in certain species of ant and termite.

In human – computer interaction, computer accessibility ( also known as Accessible computing ) refers to the accessibility of a computer system to all people, regardless of disability or severity of impairment.

The term also broadly refers to any enterprise that is potentially fraught with physical, financial or psychological risk, such as a business venture, a love affair, or other major life undertakings.

The term analog signal usually refers to electrical signals ; however, mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, and other systems may also convey analog signals.

An applet typically also refers to Java applets, i. e., programs written in the Java programming language that are included in a web page.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge, in Work Without Hope ( 1825 ), also refers to the herb, likely referencing Milton's earlier work.

Pausanias, also refers to a statue of Ares by Alcamenes that was erected on the Athenian agora, which some have related to the Ares Borghese.

It may also be intended to mean the numerals used by Arabs, in which case it generally refers to the Eastern Arabic numerals.

The term originally came from antibody generator and was a molecule that binds specifically to an antibody, but the term now also refers to any molecule or molecular fragment that can be bound by a major histocompatibility complex ( MHC ) and presented to a T-cell receptor.

It also refers to an earlier " Wilusa episode " involving hostility on the part of Ahhiyawa.

Louisiana Creole ( also called French Créole ) refers to native born people of the New Orleans area who are descended from the Colonial French and / or Spanish settlers of Colonial French Louisiana, before it became part of the United States in 1803 with the Louisiana Purchase.

Cameron also points out that whether he refers to Plato or to Crantor, the statement does not support conclusions such as Otto Muck's " Crantor came to Sais and saw there in the temple of Neith the column, completely covered with hieroglyphs, on which the history of Atlantis was recorded.

Niven also occasionally refers to arcologies in his Known Space series, particularly in the stories involving Gil Hamilton, or the Pierson's Puppeteers, whose arcologies are enormous ( The smallest were cubes a mile in height, length and width.

Irenaeus also refers to a succession of presbyters who preserve the tradition " which originates from the apostles ".

The term " last rites " refers to administration to a dying person not only of this sacrament but also of Penance and Holy Communion, the last of which, when administered in such circumstances, is known as " Viaticum ", a word whose original meaning in Latin was " provision for the journey ".

Alkynes are traditionally known as acetylenes, although the name acetylene also refers specifically to C < sub > 2 </ sub > H < sub > 2 </ sub >, known formally as ethyne using IUPAC nomenclature.

It is also possible that the phrase predates both of these and refers instead to Cowboy action shooting techniques.

Likewise, " architecture " refers not only to the design of safe, functional buildings, but also to elements of creation and innovation which aim at elegant solutions to construction problems, to the use of space, and to the attempt to evoke an emotional response in the builders, owners, viewers and users of the building.

The Batswana, a term also used to denote all citizens of Botswana, refers to the country's major ethnic group ( called the " Tswana " in South Africa ).

It also refers to Bornholm Regional Municipality, the municipality () which covers the entire island.

Historically, bootstrapping also refers to an early technique for computer program development on new hardware.

The first part " baio " refers to the name of the Celtic Boii tribe, which also resolved into the regional name Bohemia ( Germanic latinised boio-hemum = home of the Boier tribe ).

But, particularly in the United States and Canada, the racial or ethnic classification also refers to people with all possible kinds of skin pigmentation from the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors, including albinos, if they are believed by others to have African ancestry, or to exhibit cultural traits associated with being " African-American ".

In fact, a cash purchase of a corporation's stock followed by liquidation might also be an effective way to transfer a claim for refund if the Kimbell-Diamond doctrine is not applied to eliminate the intermediate step.

The term altruism may also refer to an ethical doctrine that claims that individuals are morally obliged to benefit others.

The doctrine that no man can cast off his native allegiance without the consent of his sovereign was early abandoned in the United States, and Chief Justice John Rutledge also declared in Talbot v. Janson, " a man may, at the same time, enjoy the rights of citizenship under two governments.

* The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints also rejects Trinitarian doctrine, although other churches that are part of the Latter-Day Saint movement still adhere to the Nicene Creed.

Wesley also clarified the doctrine of prevenient grace and preached the ability of Christians to attain to perfection.

Several original treatises also survive, and include a work On Fate, in which he argues against the Stoic doctrine of necessity ; and one On the Soul.

Along with the Bill of Rights 1689, it remains today one of the main constitutional laws governing the succession to not only the throne of the United Kingdom, but, following British colonialism, the resultant doctrine of reception, and independence, also to those of the other Commonwealth realms, whether by willing deference to the act as a British statute or as a patriated part of the particular realm's constitution.

Beyond indifference, some conservative Lutherans are in principle outright against the traditional doctrine of Apostolic Succession, e. g., Confessional Lutheranism ( see also subsection Confessional Lutheranism herein below ).

It was perceived as requiring two enemies to agree not to deploy a potentially useful weapon, deliberately to maintain the balance of power and as such, was also taken as confirmation of the Soviet adherence to the MAD doctrine.

Adoptionism ( also known as dynamic monarchianism ) denies the eternal pre-existence of Christ, and although it explicitly affirms his deity subsequent to events in his life, many classical trinitarians claim that the doctrine implicitly denies it by denying the constant hypostatic union of the eternal Logos to the human nature of Jesus.

Though the notion of a German blitzkrieg concept or doctrine survive in popular consciousness and popular literature, and many professional historians also still support the thesis.

This same belief is also an integral part of Methodist doctrine, and is connected with the doctrine of Justification.

There have also been periodic tensions with both mainstream and fundamentalist Christians, who think the religion is aligned with Gnosticism or is a cult, and fault it for departing from traditional Christian doctrine.

It is also applied by the Spiritist doctrine as the main argument for the existence of God.

Mamluks were to follow the dictates of al-furusiyya, a code of conduct that included values like courage and generosity but also doctrine of cavalry tactics, horsemanship, archery and treatment of wounds.

Most Protestants also consider the concepts of the Trinity and Incarnation as defined at Nicaea ( in 325 ) and Chalcedon to be orthodox doctrine to which they adhere.

Nationalist sentiment has seemingly also evolved to become informally the part of the Party's guiding doctrine.

Many other churches have people who hold to the doctrine without making it a part of their doctrines, or who apply it to individuals but not to governments, see also Evangelical counsels.

The inferior status to which the deuteros were relegated by authorities like Jerome is seen by some as being due to a rigid conception of canonicity, one demanding that a book, to be entitled to this supreme dignity, must be received by all, must have the sanction of Jewish antiquity, and must moreover be adapted not only to edification, but also to the " confirmation of the doctrine of the Church ".

An ecumenical council ( or oecumenical council ; also general council ) is a conference of ecclesiastical dignitaries and theological experts convened to discuss and settle matters of Church doctrine and practice.

It is also possible that it was edited in ways that harmonized the text with already accepted doctrine.

He also held to Catholic doctrines such as that of free will, which some Reformers rejected in favour of the doctrine of predestination.

Apart from these perceived moral failings of the Reformers, Erasmus also dreaded any change in doctrine, citing the long history of the Church as a bulwark against innovation.

* a supplement to the last-named work, also against Marcellus, entitled Ecclesiastical Theology, in which he defended the Nicene doctrine of the Logos against the party of Athanasius.