In September 2007, Economic Community of West African States ( ECOWAS ) intervened to attempt to resolve the dispute over two villages along the Benin-Burkina Faso border that remain from a 2005 ICJ decision.

# Community organizations: range from informal family or kinship networks, to more formal incorporated associations, political decision making structures, economic enterprises, or professional associations at a small, national or international scale.

In September 2007, Economic Community of West African States ( ECOWAS ) intervened to attempt to resolve the dispute over two villages along the Benin-Burkina Faso border that remain from a 2005 ICJ decision.

In September 2007, Economic Community of West African States ( ECOWAS ) intervened to attempt to resolve the dispute over two villages along the Benin-Burkina Faso border that remain from 2005 ICJ decision ; much of Benin-Niger boundary, including tripoint with Nigeria, remains undemarcated ; in 2005, Nigeria ceded thirteen villages to Benin, but border relations remain strained by rival cross-border gang clashes ; talks continue between Benin and Togo on funding the Adjrala hydroelectric dam on the Mona River.

* Expanding Community Rights Over Natural Resources: goal is to " improve the livelihood of rural poor through increased access to, and decision making on, natural resources ".

In late 2010 the South African cabinet endorsed a decision by a Southern African Development Community ( SADC ) task team to adopt the DVB-T2 standard.

The first major step taken by the European Economic Community to harmonise copyright laws came with the decision to apply common standard for the copyright protection of computer programs, enacted in the Computer Programs Directive in 1991.

Autonomous Communities and municipalities are enabled to appeal to the Constitutional Court any public decision which violates their autonomy by other entities ( i. e. State or Autonomous Community power ).

After investigation of a number of alternatives, the decision was made in January 1998 to purchase the building that had housed Community Baptist Church in Taylors, S. C. ( a nearby suburb of Greenville ).

Hence, with the greater powers of the supranational institutions and the operation of Qualified Majority Voting in the Council, the Community pillar could be described as a far more federal method of decision making.

Alesia McManus, library director at Howard Community College in Columbia, started a Facebook page and launched a petition dedicated to reversing the decision, wrote Samuelson.

It was predicted Morison would close down at the end of the 2006-2007 school year ( for same above mentioned reasons ) and would join Mackenzie High School as well, but was delayed in a decision to close until October 2009. In 2011, with the creation of Mackenzie Community School, Keys ceased to exist.

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, was a decision by the United States Supreme Court that defined the constitutional rights of students in U. S. public schools.

Following a decision of the London Nine Power Conference of 28 September to 3 October 1954, Germany's entry into NATO with effect from 9 May 1955 was accepted as a replacement for the failed European Defence Community plan.

The Skybolt crisis with Kennedy came on top of Eisenhower ’ s wrecking of Macmillan ’ s policy of détente with the Soviet Union at the May 1960 Paris summit, and the prime minister ’ s resulting disenchantment with the special relationship contributed to his decision to seek an alternative in British membership of the European Economic Community ( EEC ).

This move has provoked widespread protest from functional community radio stations, advocacy bodies like Community Radio Forum, and even the Secretary, Ministry of Information and Broadcast has gone on record to say that his Ministry's views were not sought before the decision was taken.

The Flemish Community therefore established a local elected council and executive ( the Flemish Community Commission or ' VGC ') to cater for intermediate-level decision making & public services.

Giving his judgment, Lord Justice Neill stated that although Community law is part of English law and prevails in the event of a conflict, it was open to argument whether a conflict existed in this case ; a national court would have to take a decision which preserves the status quo ante.

The Court of Appeal ( Lord Donaldson MR, Bingham LJ and Mann LJ ) reversed the Divisional Court's decision on 22 March 1989 on the basis that although a national court was obliged to give effect to Community law, it was not obliged " to override national law in favour of what is no more than an alleged or putative Community right ".

Following the Advocate-General's opinion, the ECJ held that a national court, in fact, has a duty to grant interim relief to safeguard alleged Community rights of individuals until the decision of the ECJ on the interpretation of Community law is available, and where a rule of national law would deny such relief, to set aside that rule.

Addressing the public criticism expressed following the ECJ's decision and the alleged erosion of Parliamentary sovereignty, Lord Bridge remarked that such comments were " based on a misconception ", and that under the European Communities Act 1972, the law regulating the UK's membership of the EU, it had " always been clear that it was the duty of a United Kingdom court when delivering final judgment, to override any rule of national law found to be in conflict with any directly enforceable rule of Community law.

* the report notes in several places that the commission's mandate did not allow it " to investigate how policy makers used the intelligence they received from the Intelligence Community on Iraq's weapons programs ,"

The horizontal direct effect of Directives is a contentious issue amongst law makers of the European Community, numerous Advocates General have supported the case for establishing horizontal direct effect, however it is still currently unable to confer such rights.

Phillips also created many advertising images for makers of women's clothing, and for such clients as the Overland automobile company and Oneida Community flatware.

In 1999, The Center for Watershed and Community Health ( CWCH ) created the Salmon Economics Project in order to assist decision makers in understanding economic issues regarding salmon.

The Information Professional Community is responsible for offensive and defensive Navy information operations to support requirements of theatre and operational commanders and national policy makers.

Community development practitioners must understand both how to work with individuals and how to affect communities ' positions within the context of larger social institutions.

An SE which transfers its registered office outside the Community, or in any other manner no longer complies with requirements of article 7, the member state must take appropriate measures to ensure compliance or take the necessary measure to ensure that the SE is liquidated.

As with other Java Community Process specifications, providers must meet certain conformance requirements in order to declare their products as Java EE compliant.

They must be chosen from the Sites of Community Importance by the State Members and designated SAC by an act assuring the conservation measures of the natural habitat.

Community leaders were faced with the possibility that their town would be cut off and decided that a railroad station must be constructed for passenger and commercial services to ensure the survival of Castor Sulfur Springs.

badge for an annual fee of $ 35, which provides access to the South Orange Community Pool and full access to other community facilities and programs ; non-residents may use the pool for a small fee on a per visit basis on a guest pass that must be purchased by a resident.

Trinity Valley Community College operates its Health Science Center in Kaufman ( however, the Center does not offer general education courses ; these must be taken at one of the other TVCC campuses ).

Legally, Walloon has been recognized since 1990 by the French Community of Belgium, the cultural authority of Wallonia, as an " indigenous regional language " which must be studied in schools and encouraged.

European Union rules governing the production of wine (" the product obtained exclusively from the total or partial alcoholic fermentation of fresh grapes, whether or not crushed, or of grape must ") are considerably longer than Community trade mark law: the main text, the Regulation on the common organization of the market in wine ( No 1493 / 1999 ), runs to over 46, 000 words.

Community television stations must, by law, a ) serve a particular community ; b ) be run by a non-profit organisation ; and c ) involve members of the community in the selection and production of programming.

As he suggested in his presentation to the " Community for Interactive Media ", " Static media is on its way out, and if Networks would like to stay in the game, they must adapt to consumers needs.

The Merion Civic Association was organized in 1913 by Edward W. Bok with the motto " To be Nation right and State right, we must first be Community right.

They must complete a dietetic internship with a minimum of 450 supervised practice hours in the areas of Food Service Theory and Management, Community Dietetics, and Clinical Dietetics.

The European Political Community must not be confused with European Political Cooperation ( 1970-1993 ).

According to the Mahima Prakash ( A. D. 1776 ), he set to work with the announcement: " As the Panth ( Community ) has been revealed unto the world, so there must be the Granth ( Book ), too.

The use of the term " Mayflower Declaration " as a statement of the CPA's Principles must be regarded a controversial because the Mayflower Family Centre ( of which, at the time of the declaration Alan Craig was Director ) was a Community Centre registered with the Charity Commissioners.

For advancement in the Surface Supply Community, the Surface Warfare Supply Pin must be obtained by junior supply officers within 18 months from reporting on board a naval vessel.

In 1995, Trinity Western launched a teaching certification program, but the British Columbia College of Teachers denied accreditation of the university's program, arguing that the " Responsibilities of Membership " agreement students must sign ( replaced in 2009 with the Community Covenant ) is discriminatory and that those graduating from Trinity Western's program will discriminate against gay students.

Community service dollars must be spent within 180 days or be automatically contributed to NPOs.

He then proceeded to conclude that a national court must have the power to provisionally set aside a national law which conflicts with Community law, founding his argument on three bases.

It also followed from the ECJ's case law that it was for the legal system of each Member State to designate the procedures intended to protect Community law rights, and that these procedures must not " be adapted so as it make it impossible in practice to exercise the rights which the national courts are bound to protect " ( case 61 / 79, Denkavit ).

On 19 June 1990 the ECJ gave its ruling, rephrasing the question posed as " whether a national court which, in a case before it concerning Community law, considers that the sole obstacle which precludes it from granting interim relief is a rule of national law, must disapply that rule ".

The basis of such a duty lies in the nature and object of directly effective Community law rights which are intended to be fully effective throughout the EU, and where, in order to safeguard such a right, it is necessary to grant interim measures, a national court must do so.

Agreeing with Advocate-General Mischo's opinion, the court held that " it is for the Member States to determine [...] the conditions which must be fulfilled in order for a vessel to be registered in their registers and granted the right to fly their flag, but, in exercising that power, the Member States must comply with the rules of Community law.