Congestion is not limited to road networks ; the negative externality imposed by congestion is also important in busy public transport networks as well as crowded pedestrian areas, e. g. on the London Underground on a weekday or any urban train station, at peak times.

Congestion pricing or congestion charges is a system of surcharging users of public goods that are subject to congestion through excess demand such as higher peak charges for use of bus services, electricity, metros, railways, telephones, and road pricing to reduce traffic congestion ; airlines and shipping companies may be charged higher fees for slots at airports and through canals at busy times.

Congestion became a serious problem at the 1952 terminal as the airlines began to replace their piston airliners with larger jets ; the terminal was again expanded to temporarily handle the traffic.

Congestion pricing or urban toll schemes were implemented to enter the downtown area using ETC technology and / or cameras and video recognition technology to get the plate numbers in several cities around the world: urban tolling in Norway's three major cities: Bergen ( 1986 ), Oslo ( 1990 ), and Trondheim ( 1991 ) ( see Trondheim Toll Scheme ); Singapore in 1998 ( see Singapore ’ s Electronic Road Pricing ), as an upgrade to the world's first successful congestion pricing scheme implemented with manual control in 1975 ( see also Singapore's Area Licensing Scheme ); Rome in 2001 as an upgrade to the manual zone control system implemented in 1998 ; London in 2003 and extended in 2007 ( see London congestion charge ); Stockholm, tested in 2006 and made the charge permanent in 2007 ( see Stockholm congestion tax ); and in Valletta, the capital city of Malta, since May 2007.

Expiremental " Parking Congestion Plan "- NYCDOT ; News 12 Bklyn.

Windsor scored a perfect " 5 " in 8 of the 14 categories used to compare suburbs ; however, it scored a zero in important areas including " Crime ", " Traffic Congestion " and " Open Space ".

After undergraduate studies at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, he received his Ph. D. in 1991 from the University of California, Berkeley, with a thesis entitled Congestion Control in Computer Networks ; his advisor was Domenico Ferrari.

; Congestion

During the post-World War I period ski-lifts were built in Swiss and Austrian towns to accommodate winter visitors, but summer tourism continued to be important ; by the mid-20th century the popularity of downhill skiing increased greatly as it became more accessible and in the 1970s several new villages were built in France devoted almost exclusively to skiing, such a Les Menuires.

This includes Accrington Urban Area and other outlying towns and villages such as ; Altham, Baxenden, part of Belthorn, Huncoat, Rishton and Stanhill.

The French moved first to Tirlemont, ( as if to threaten Zoutleeuw, abandoned by the French in October 1705 ), before turning southwards, heading for Jodoigne – this line of march took Villeroi ’ s army towards the narrow aperture of dry ground between the Mehaigne and Petite Gheete rivers close to the small villages of Ramillies and Taviers ; but neither commander quite appreciated how far his opponent had travelled.

" They lived in unwalled villages, without any superfluous furniture ; for as they slept on beds of leaves and fed on meat and were exclusively occupied with war and agriculture, their lives were very simple, and they had no knowledge whatever of any art or science.

In late Neolithic times, the Yellow River valley began to establish itself as a center of Yangshao culture ( 5000 BC to 3000 BC ), and the first villages were founded ; the most archaeologically significant of these was found at Banpo, Xi ' an.

Charybdis was very loyal to her father in his endless feud with Zeus ; it was she who rode the hungry tides after Poseidon had stirred up a storm, and led them onto the beaches, gobbling up whole villages, submerging fields, drowning forests, claiming them for the sea.

These districts include the Mexican villages, such as Pilsen along 18th street, and La Villita along 26th Street ; the Puerto Rican enclave Paseo Boricua in the Humboldt Park neighborhood ; " Greektown ", along South Halsted St, immediately west of downtown ; " Little Italy ", along Taylor St ; " Chinatown "; " Polish Patches "; " Little Seoul ", around Lawrence Avenue ; a cluster of Vietnamese restaurants along Argyle Avenue near Broadway, and Indian / Pakistani along Devon Avenue.

There is an Avenue in Mexico City Called Cuitláhuac ( Eje 3 Norte ) that runs from Avenue Insurgentes to Avenue Mexico-Tacuba and that is part of an inner ring ; also many streets in other towns and villages in Mexico are so called.

It described the area near the villages of Gaiole, Castellina and Radda ; the so-called Lega del Chianti and later Provincia del Chianti ( Chianti province ).

In the summer of 1779 at Washington's direction, General John Sullivan carried out a scorched earth campaign that destroyed at least 40 Iroquois villages in central and upstate New York ; the Indians were British allies who had been raiding American settlements on the frontier.

Until recently, the Preclassic was regarded as a formative period, consisting of small villages of farmers who lived in huts and few permanent buildings, but this notion has been challenged by recent discoveries of monumental architecture from that period, such as an altar in La Blanca, San Marcos, from 1000 BC ; ceremonial sites at Miraflores and El Naranjo from 801 BC ; the earliest monumental masks ; and the Mirador Basin cities of Nakbé, Xulnal, El Tintal, Wakná and El Mirador.

In 1484, about 97 % of France's 13 million people lived in rural villages ; in 1700, at least 80 % of the 20 million people population were peasants.

In these villages, the influence of the kabbalists ( mystics ) prevailed ; while other communities of Yiddish speakers were becoming completely secular and creating an identity in the Lithuanian, Belorussian, Ukrainian and Polish Yiddish theater separate from any serious mysticism, finding commonality with the Haskallah taking place within the Austro-Czech Yiddish speaking regions.

These deserters in many instances have formed into large gangs that raid the marsh communities ; this also has induced many of the marsh dwellers to abandon their villages.

Such a demographic, alienated from the westernized ways of the urban elite, but uprooted from the comforts and more passive traditions of the villages they came from, is understandably favourably disposed to an Islamic system promising a better world – an ideology providing an " emotionally familiar basis for group identity, solidarity, and exclusion ; an acceptable basis for legitimacy and authority ; an immediately intelligible formulation of principles for both a critique of the present and a program for the future.

Josiah Russell calculates that all of Syria had about 2. 3 million people at the time of the crusades, with perhaps eleven thousand villages ; most of these, of course, were outside of crusader rule even at the greatest extent of all four crusader states.

He left academia several times: serving as an officer on the frontline during World War I, where he was decorated a number of times for his courage ; teaching in schools in remote Austrian villages, where he encountered controversy for hitting children when they made mistakes in mathematics ; and working during World War II as a hospital porter in London, where he told patients not to take the drugs they were prescribed, and where no-one knew he was one of the world's most famous philosophers.

the fading signs of old beauty ; ;

Compare the vast difference in scope and beauty between his neat and witty little Classical Symphony and his big, muscular, passionate, and eloquent Fifth Symphony ; ;

Aphrodite ( ; Greek ) is the Greek goddess of love, beauty, pleasure, and procreation.

Agathon's extraordinary physical beauty is brought up repeatedly in the sources ; the historian W. Rhys Roberts observes that " ὁ καλός Ἀγάθων ( ho kalos Agathon ) has become almost a stereotyped phrase.

For Arthur Schopenhauer aesthetic contemplation of beauty is the most free that the pure intellect can be from the dictates of will ; here we contemplate perfection of form without any kind of worldly agenda, and thus any intrusion of utility or politics would ruin the point of the beauty.

Hogarth, for example, thinks that beauty consists of ( 1 ) fitness of the parts to some design ; ( 2 ) variety in as many ways as possible ; ( 3 ) uniformity, regularity or symmetry, which is only beautiful when it helps to preserve the character of fitness ; ( 4 ) simplicity or distinctness, which gives pleasure not in itself, but through its enabling the eye to enjoy variety with ease ; ( 5 ) intricacy, which provides employment for our active energies, leading the eye on " a wanton kind of chase "; and ( 6 ) quantity or magnitude, which draws our attention and produces admiration and awe.

The challenge to the assumption that beauty was central to art and aesthetics, thought to be original, is actually continuous with older aesthetic theory ; Aristotle was the first in the Western tradition to classify " beauty " into types as in his theory of drama, and Kant made a distinction between beauty and the sublime.

The case of " beauty " is different from mere " agreeableness " because, " If he proclaims something to be beautiful, then he requires the same liking from others ; he then judges not just for himself but for everyone, and speaks of beauty as if it were a property of things.

According to Kant, beauty is objective and universal ; thus certain things are beautiful to everyone.

Functionalists like Monroe Beardsley argue that whether or not a piece counts as art depends on what function it plays in a particular context ; the same Greek vase may play a non-artistic function in one context ( carrying wine ), and an artistic function in another context ( helping us to appreciate the beauty of the human figure ).

The chief coin type, a griffon, is identical with that of Teos ; the rich silver coinage is noted for the beauty and variety of its reverse types.

But this is the beauty of the album ; the ensembles provide a forum for Zorn to expand his compositions.

Gone are the days when the Hoffman House flourished on Madison Square, with its famous nudes by Bouguereau ; when barrooms were palaces, on nearly every corner throughout the city ; when Steve Brodie, jumping from Brooklyn Bridge, splashed the entire country with publicity ; when Bowery concert halls dispensed schooners of beer for a nickel, with a stage show thrown in ; when Theis's Music Hall still resounded on 14th Street with its great mechanical organ, the wonder of its day, a place of beauty, with fine paintings and free company and the frankest of female life.

In spots such as the elbows and knees the second skin is worn off and I realized the aborigines were much darker than they appeared ; ;

Members of the southeast Asian planthopper genus Ancyra are well known for having a pair of prolonged filaments at the tips of the forewings that arise near a pair of small glossy spots ; this creates the impression of a pair of antennae, with corresponding " eyes " ( a remarkable case of automimicry ).

White spots are sometimes present below the eyes, and there may be white markings on the legs and back ; the absence or presence of these white markings may be indicative of distinct races.

Twelve is known as " boxcars " because the spots on the two dice that show 6-6 look like schematic drawings of railroad boxcars ; it is also called " midnight ", referring to twelve o ' clock.

; Television spots

There were two reasons for this: prerecording provided Groucho with time to fish around for funny exchanges and any intervening dead spots to be edited out ; and secondly to protect the network, since Groucho was a notorious loose cannon and known to say almost anything.

The warmth of the Indian Ocean keeps phytoplankton production low, except along the northern fringe and in a few scattered spots elsewhere ; life in the ocean is thus limited.

Their plumage is mainly light chestnut brown with blackish spots on the upperside and buff with narrow blackish streaks on the underside ; the remiges are also blackish.

Many languages of Melanesia have ( or once had ) counting systems based on parts of the body which do not have a numeric base ; there are ( or were ) no numerals, but rather nouns for relevant parts of the body — or simply pointing to the relevant spots — were used for quantities.

The white spot at s = 1 is the pole of the zeta function ; the black spots on the negative real axis and on the critical line Re ( s ) = 1 / 2 are its zeros.

# Hydrocarbon generation and migration with the presence of: a ) numerous DHIs on seismic, including gas chimneys, flat spots, bright spots, phase changes and chemosynthetic reefs ; b ) gas sniffer anomalies, involving ethane / iso-butane in the southeast and propane / normal butane / total hydrocarbon in the north and northeast ; c ) UV fluorescence anomalies, especially over the wells and in the southeast ; and d ) 4 types of beach-stranded tar that correlate to the local source rock stratigraphy.

Since the mid-1990s, starspot observations have been made using increasingly powerful techniques yielding more and more detail: photometry showed starspot growth and decay and showed cyclic behavior similar to the Sun's ; spectroscopy examined the structure of starspot regions by analyzing variations in spectral line splitting due to the Zeeman Effect ; Doppler imaging showed differential rotation of spots for several stars and distributions different from the Sun's ; spectral line analysis measured the temperature range of spots and the stellar surfaces.

When they land on a piece of film or other detector, these beams make a diffraction pattern of spots ; the strengths and angles of these beams are recorded as the crystal is gradually rotated.

One image of spots is insufficient to reconstruct the whole crystal ; it represents only a small slice of the full Fourier transform.