The style was used in bronze by Bernini for his spectacular St. Peter's baldachin, actually a ciborium ( which displaced Constantine's columns ), and thereafter became very popular with Baroque and Rococo church architects, above all in Latin America, where they were very often used, especially on a small scale, as they are easy to produce in wood by turning on a lathe ( hence also the style's popularity for spindles on furniture and stairs ).

In the Middle Ages, the Torre delle Milizie and the convent of St. Peter and Domenic were built, and above Constantine's building was erected the Palazzo Rospigliosi ; the two famous colossal marble statues of the " Horse Tamers ", generally identified as the Dioscuri with horses, which now are in the Piazza Quirinale, were originally in this Palazzo.

By 312, however, Constantine and Maxentius were engaged in open hostility with one another, although they were brothers-in ‑ law through Constantine's marriage to Fausta, sister of Maxentius.

It was agreed that, next spring, Sphrantzes would sail for Georgia to bring the bride to Constantinople, but Constantine's plans were overtaken by the tragic events of 1453.

Eleven of Constantine's thirteen companions who can be identified by name ( two bishops, three priests, and all the ranking members of the papal chancellery and household ) were also of Eastern extraction.

The four ( as evidenced by their staying behind ) were opposed to Constantine's new policy of rapproachment with Constantinople.

Maxentius was a prolific builder, whose achievements were overshadowed by Constantine's issue of a damnatio memoriae against him.

James Young Simpson, who had written several articles on archaeology, observed that there were contradictory accounts concerning the location of Constantine's death.

These cities, and the province of Helenopontus in the Diocese of Pontus, were probably both named after Constantine's mother.

Constantine's two generals Iustinianus and the Frank Nebiogastes, leading the vanguard of his forces, were defeated by Sarus, and Stilicho's lieutenant, with Nebiogastes being first trapped in, then killed outside, Valence.

So, when Constantine's envoys arrived to parley at Ravenna, the fearful Honorius eagerly recognized Constantine as co-emperor, and the two were joint consuls for the year 409.

Constantine's position grew even more untenable ; his forces facing the rebel Gerontius were defeated at Vienne ( 411 ), where his son Constans was captured and executed.

The court decision also ruled that Constantine's human rights were not violated by the Greek state's decision not to grant him Greek citizenship and passport until he acquires a surname, which Constantine does not possess.

Constantine's parents were first cousins once removed.

Constantine's sympathies for Germany were made manifest during the Allies ' disastrous landing on Gallipoli.

The Allied Powers were opposed to Constantine's firstborn son George becoming King, as he had served in the German army before the war and identified with his father's pro-German policies.

There's a historical anecdote that soldiers in Saint Petersburg were said to chant " Constantine and Constitution ", but when questioned, many of them professed to believe that " Constitution " ( Russian konstitutsiya ) was Constantine's wife.

Under Constantine's successors, the title was also established at a territorial level: magistri peditum and magistri equitum were appointed for every praetorian prefecture ( per Gallias, per Italiam, per Illyricum, per Orientem ), and, in addition, for Thrace and, sometimes, Africa.

Christian Sabbathkeepers, who never accepted Emperor Constantine's edict in 321 A. D., the first enforcing Christian worship on Sunday rather than on Sabbath, were demonized and accused of witchcraft ; hence, the accusatory nomenclature, " witches ' sabbath.

Constantine's efforts to retake themes lost to the Arabs were the first such efforts to have any real success.

In it he describes how Saint Helena, Constantine's aged mother, had the temple destroyed and the Sepulchre uncovered, whereupon three crosses and the titulus from Jesus's crucifixion were uncovered as well.

Nevertheless, as Ammianus Marcellinus recounts, Constantine's successor, Constantius, had to sent in 360 embassies with costly presents to Arsaces of Armenia and Meribanes of Iberia to secure their allegiance during the confrontation with Iran.

This is the first surviving use of the word mormaer ; other than the knowledge that Constantine's kingdom had its own bishop or bishops and royal villas, this is the only hint to the institutions of the kingdom.

Constantine's rule, however, validated Diocletian's achievements and the autocratic principle he represented: the borders remained secure, in spite of Constantine's large expenditure of forces during his civil wars ; the bureaucratic transformation of Roman government was completed ; and Constantine took Diocletian's court ceremonies and made them even more extravagant.

He restored pagan temples which had been confiscated since Constantine's time, or simply appropriated by wealthy citizens ; he repealed the stipends that Constantine had awarded to Christian bishops, and removed their other privileges, including a right to be consulted on appointments and to act as private courts.

The Arch of Constantine, erected in celebration of the victory, certainly attributes Constantine's success to divine intervention ; however, the monument does not display any overtly Christian symbolism.

Zosimus mentions it, vaguely, as being a wooden construction while others specify that it was a pontoon bridge ; sources are also unclear as to whether the bridge was deliberately constructed as a collapsible trap for Constantine's forces or not.

Constantine's infantry then advanced, most of Maxentius's troops fought well but they began to be pushed back toward the Tiber ; Maxentius decided to retreat and make another stand at Rome itself ; but there was only one escape route, via the bridge.

The current Hellenic Republic has long challenged King Constantine's right to use his title ; in 1981, the then Greek President Konstantinos Karamanlis declined to attend the wedding of the Prince of Wales when it was revealed that Greece's deposed monarch, a cousin of the Prince, had been referred to as ' King ' in his invitation.

The work combines two of Constantine's earlier treatises, " On the Governance of the State and the various Nations " (), concerning the histories and characters of the nations neighbouring the Empire, including the Turks, Pechenegs, Kievan Rus ', Arabs, Lombards, Armenians, and Georgians ; and the " On the Themes of East and West " (, known in Latin as De Thematibus ), concerning recent events in the imperial provinces.

But her statue endured during the revolutionary reign of Sulla and became a model for future Roman women culminating with the portrait said to be of Helena, Emperor Constantine's mother four hundred years later ; however, the base of Cornelia's statue was altered during the conservative attempts of later Roman reformers in which the base of her statue that gave reference to her famous sons was filed away and replaced with the inscription as “ daughter of Africanus ” rather than “ mother of the Grachii .” 6

Constantine's construction took over most of the site of the earlier temple enclosure, and the Rotunda and cloister ( which was replaced after the 12th century by the present Catholicon and Calvary chapel ) roughly overlap with the temple building itself ; the basilica church which Constantine built over the remainder of the enclosure was destroyed at the turn of the 11th century, and has not been replaced.

It continues on the southern, " outward " looking face, with the siege of Verona, which was of great importance to the war in Northern Italy ; also on that face, the Battle of Milvian Bridge with Constantine's army victorious and the enemy drowning in the river Tiber.

As was customary, the vanquished enemy is not mentioned by name, but only referred to as " the tyrant ", drawing on the notion of the rightful killing of a tyrannical ruler ; together with the image of the " just war ", it serves as justification of Constantine's civil war against his co-emperor Maxentius.

The column itself is the sole remaining from Constantine's Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine in Campo Vaccino, as the Roman Forum was called until the 18th century ; Maderno's fountain at the base combines the armorial eagles and dragons of Paul V.

The Orientalist Karl Sudhoff made his Berber-Islamic thesis when he discovered new and important documents touching on Constantine's life and religion in the village of Trinity Della Cave, northern Italy ; these documents were published in the journal Arkioun in 1922.

With the support of the barbarians, Gerontius spread over Constantine's territory ; in 411, he captured the city of Vienne and put Constans to death.

In 323 he was the bearer and possibly the writer of Constantine's letter to Bishop Alexander of Alexandria and Arius his deacon, bidding them cease disturbing the peace of the church ; and, on the failure of the negotiations in Egypt, it was doubtless with the active concurrence of Hosius that the Council of Nicaea was convened in 325.

( Vatican City ) 1951 ; the results were assessed in Roger T. O ' Callaghan, " Recent Excavations underneath the Vatican Crypts ", in The Biblical Archaeologist 12 ( 1949: 1-23 ) and " Vatican Excavations and the Tomb of Peter ", The Biblical Archaeologist 16. 4 ( December 1953: 70-87 ).</ ref > Construction of Constantine's Old St. Peter's Basilica and of foundations for Bernini's Baldacchino destroyed most of the vaulting of these semi-subterranean burial chambers.

In Christianity it is believed that during the time of the Byzantine Empire, near the spot where the Dome was later constructed was where Constantine's mother built a small church, calling it the Church of St. Cyrus and St. John, later on enlarged and called the Church of the Holy Wisdom.

After favorable reader reaction to John Constantine's appearances in the comic book series Swamp Thing, where he had been introduced by Alan Moore during his authorship of the title, the character was given his own comic book series in 1988.

Following Constantine's deathbed conversion in 337 all emperors adopted Christianity, except for Julian the Apostate who, during his brief reign, attempted unsuccessfully to re-instate paganism.

Moreover, Constantine's public statements regarding communism during the 1960s renders the veracity of this allegation questionable.

Coins and medallions minted during Emperor Constantine's reign also bore the Chi-Rho.

They are usually read as sign of Constantine's shifting religious affiliation: The Christian tradition, most notably Lactantius and Eusebius of Caesarea, relate the story of a vision of God to Constantine during the campaign, and that he was victorious in the sign of the cross at the Milvian Bridge.

The transition from Constantine's defensive-centered coaching style to Becanic's coaching style for the returning players, and the team struggled at times during the season.

Streit was King Constantine's confidential adviser and had been foreign minister during the first part of the war when King Constantine was still on the Greek throne.

Lucian's veneration increased during the latter half of Constantine's reign, in particular due to the patronage of the Empress Helena.

This season ended Constantine's career in professional league cricket, although during the war he returned to play for Nelson as an amateur.

Constantine's position on the religions traditionally practiced in Rome evolved during his reign.

Constantine's efforts ensured that law was maintained during the gold rush, that Canadian sovereignty was assured and helped create the Mounties ' international reputation.