During Constantine's reign the rulers of the southern kingdoms of Wessex and Mercia, later the Kingdom of England, extended their authority northwards into the disputed kingdoms of Northumbria.

The earliest event recorded in the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba in Constantine's reign is an attack by Vikings and the plundering of Dunkeld " and all Albania " in his third year.

In this period the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba reports the death of Cormac mac Cuilennáin, king of Munster, in the eighth year of Constantine's reign.

The form of kingdom which appeared in Constantine's reign continued in much the same way until the Davidian Revolution in the 12th century.

The removal of Claudius from the conspiracy is due to his later role as the progenitor of the house of Constantine, a fiction of Constantine's time, and may serve to guarantee that the original version from which these two accounts spring was current prior to the reign of Constantine.

The imperial propaganda in the age of Constantine's dynasty added more confusion by attributing all the calamities to the reign of Gallienus to avoid blemishing the memory of Claudius ( supposed ancestor of the dynasty ).

Although the accession of the young monarch was initially regarded auspiciously, his reign soon became controversial: Constantine's involvement in the Apostasia of July 1965 created issues among sections of the population and aggravated the ongoing political instability that culminated in the Colonels ' Coup of 21 April 1967.

By the end of Constantine's reign, Iconoclasm had gone as far as to brand relics and prayers to the saints as heretical.

Constantine's campaigns were costly ; during his reign the Byzantine Empire's annual revenues were reduced to about 1, 800, 000 nomismata due to his various wars and the Arab conquests.

The literary circle at court included the philosopher and historian Michael Psellos, whose Chronographia records the history of Constantine's reign.

Following Constantine's deathbed conversion in 337 all emperors adopted Christianity, except for Julian the Apostate who, during his brief reign, attempted unsuccessfully to re-instate paganism.

But her statue endured during the revolutionary reign of Sulla and became a model for future Roman women culminating with the portrait said to be of Helena, Emperor Constantine's mother four hundred years later ; however, the base of Cornelia's statue was altered during the conservative attempts of later Roman reformers in which the base of her statue that gave reference to her famous sons was filed away and replaced with the inscription as “ daughter of Africanus ” rather than “ mother of the Grachii .” 6

Coins and medallions minted during Emperor Constantine's reign also bore the Chi-Rho.

Both refer to Constantine's decennalia, i. e. the 10th anniversary of his reign ( counted from 306 ), which he celebrated in Rome in the summer of 315.

In the colonia, Constantine's reign was a time of prosperity and a number of extensive stone town houses of the period have been excavated.

Lucian's veneration increased during the latter half of Constantine's reign, in particular due to the patronage of the Empress Helena.

After the end of Constantine's reign the comes sacrarum largitionum gradually lost power to the prefects as the taxes of his department came to be collected more and more in gold rather than in kin.

It can be surmised due in part to these reforms, that the Roman Empire continued to live on for another 140 years after the end of Constantine's reign, in the face of numerous migrations and invasions from northern and eastern, nomadic peoples such as the Huns, Goths, Vandals, Ostrogoths, Sarmatians, Alans, Burgundians, Saxons and Franks, which continually weakened the Empire until its eventual collapse in 476 AD.

After the end of Constantine X Doukas's reign ( 1059 – 1067 ), she shrewdly supported Constantine's widow, Eudokia Makrembolitissa, and her new husband Romanos IV Diogenes ( r. 1068 – 1071 ) against the rest of Eudokia's former in-laws, who disapproved of the marriage.

Constantine's position on the religions traditionally practiced in Rome evolved during his reign.

For Constantine's last years as king there is only the meagre record of the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba.

But by September, the tribes that had overrun the Rhine defenses, and had spent the intervening two years burning and plundering their way through Gaul, had reached the Pyrenees, where they broke through Constantine's garrisons and entered Hispania.

In 2013 the city will host the celebration of 1700 years of Constantine's Edict of Milan.

Constantine's love for horses had inspired her to become a mounted policewoman in London, but was deterred when she found she was required to do four years walking the beat.

For players and spectators this was the defining match of Constantine's career ; many years later, cricket writer E. W. Swanton suggested that there were few all-round performances in the history of cricket to match it.

In a compromise, Theodore II Palaiologos surrendered his claim to the throne in exchange for Constantine's domain ( appanage ) of Selymbria ( Silivri ) in 1443, where he died of plague five years later, in 1448, predeceasing his brothers.

Constantine's grandfather Kenneth I of Scotland ( Cináed mac Ailpín, died 858 ) was the first of the family recorded as a king, but as king of the Picts.

The Chronicle of the Kings of Alba records that shortly thereafter, in ' 948 or 949, Malcolm ( I ) of Scotland and Cumbria, at Constantine's instigation, raided Northumbria as far south as the River Tees and returned with many cattle and captives.

King Æthelstan was successful in securing Constantine's submission in 927 and 934, but the two again fought when Constantine, allied with the Strathclyde Britons and the Viking king of Dublin, invaded Æthelstan's kingdom in 937, only to be defeated at the great battle of Brunanburh.

This is the first surviving use of the word mormaer ; other than the knowledge that Constantine's kingdom had its own bishop or bishops and royal villas, this is the only hint to the institutions of the kingdom.

A letter Eusebius is supposed to have written to Constantine's daughter Constanza, refusing to fulfill her request for images of Christ, was quoted in the decrees ( now lost ) of the Iconoclast Council of Hieria in 754, and later quoted in part in the rebuttal of the Hieria decrees in the Second Council of Nicaea of 787, now the only source from which some of the text is known.

All Julian could do was sit it out in Naissus, the city of Constantine's birth, waiting for news and writing letters to various cities in Greece justifying his actions ( of which only the letter to the Athenians has survived in its entirety ).

Constantine's infantry then advanced, most of Maxentius's troops fought well but they began to be pushed back toward the Tiber ; Maxentius decided to retreat and make another stand at Rome itself ; but there was only one escape route, via the bridge.

Constantine's predecessor Pope Sisinnius, a Syrian, was pope for only twenty days.

The new emperor Philippikos Bardanes was an adherent of Monothelitism, rejected the arrangements of the Third Council of Constantinople, and demanded Constantine's support of the view that Christ had only one will.

Constantine's attempt to play them off one another only succeeds in making them join forces in a further plot.

As was customary, the vanquished enemy is not mentioned by name, but only referred to as " the tyrant ", drawing on the notion of the rightful killing of a tyrannical ruler ; together with the image of the " just war ", it serves as justification of Constantine's civil war against his co-emperor Maxentius.

The death of Galerius in May 311 and Constantine's spectacular victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge on October 28, 312, left only three Emperors: in the East, Maximinus Daia and Licinius ; in the West, Constantine.

The rest of Constantine's 1928 tour was generally successful ; only in the three Test matches, the first played by the West Indies, was he less effective.

This may sound similar to Constantine's adaptation of Jesus as the physical embodiment of the Pagan Sol Invictus in Christianity but it would be a mistake of similarity of appearance only.

Fires started by the Nika rioters consumed Constantine's basilica of St Sophia, the city's principal church, which lay to the north of the Augustaeum.

The style was used in bronze by Bernini for his spectacular St. Peter's baldachin, actually a ciborium ( which displaced Constantine's columns ), and thereafter became very popular with Baroque and Rococo church architects, above all in Latin America, where they were very often used, especially on a small scale, as they are easy to produce in wood by turning on a lathe ( hence also the style's popularity for spindles on furniture and stairs ).

Constantine's death in 952 is recorded by the Irish annals, who enter it among ecclesiastics.

Constantine's church was built as two connected churches over the two different holy sites, including a great basilica ( the Martyrium visited by Egeria in the 380s ), an enclosed colonnaded atrium ( the Triportico ) with the traditional site of Golgotha in one corner, and a rotunda, called the Anastasis (" Resurrection "), which contained the remains of a rock-cut room that Helena and Macarius identified as the burial site of Jesus.

When asked by Constantia ( Emperor Constantine's sister ) for an image of Jesus, Eusebius denied the request, replying that " To depict purely the human form of Christ before its transformation, on the other hand, is to break the commandment of God and to fall into pagan error ".

He restored pagan temples which had been confiscated since Constantine's time, or simply appropriated by wealthy citizens ; he repealed the stipends that Constantine had awarded to Christian bishops, and removed their other privileges, including a right to be consulted on appointments and to act as private courts.

This was consistent with Constantine's personal position towards Jewry, which has been described by the primitive Christianity movement as being anti-Semitic, antinomian, and persecution of seventh-day observers.

He is pardoned by Constantine I as a result of the supplication of his wife Constantia ( who is Constantine's halfsister ), and banished to Thessalonica as a private citizen.

But whereas Constantine's claim was recognized by Galerius, ruler of the Eastern provinces and the senior emperor in the empire, Maxentius was treated as a usurper.

Missorium depicting Constantine's son Constantius II, accompanied by a guardsman with the Chi Rho monogram depicted on his shield

Constantine's triumphal arch was carefully positioned to align with the colossal statue of Sol by the Colosseum, so that Sol formed the dominant backdrop when seen from the direction of the main approach towards the arch.

The alliance between the Scots and the Norse was cemented by the marriage of Constantine's daughter to Olaf Guthfrithson, the Viking King of Dublin, and in 937 they joined with Owain of Strathclyde to invade England.

It was agreed that, next spring, Sphrantzes would sail for Georgia to bring the bride to Constantinople, but Constantine's plans were overtaken by the tragic events of 1453.

He can easily regrow damaged or severed body parts, and can even transport himself across the globe by leaving his current form, transferring his consciousness to a new form grown from whatever vegetable matter is present in the location he wishes to reach ( he even grew himself a form out of John Constantine's meager tobacco supply on one occasion ).

She was brought out of her retirement in a convent, convened the Senate and was proclaimed " emperor " by the imperial guard shortly before Constantine's death.

Eleven of Constantine's thirteen companions who can be identified by name ( two bishops, three priests, and all the ranking members of the papal chancellery and household ) were also of Eastern extraction.

The four ( as evidenced by their staying behind ) were opposed to Constantine's new policy of rapproachment with Constantinople.

However, shortly after Constantine's return to Rome, Justinian was killed by mutinous troops, in November 711.

Maxentius was a prolific builder, whose achievements were overshadowed by Constantine's issue of a damnatio memoriae against him.

Godard appropriated the character for Alphaville but according to director Anne Andreu, Godard's subversion of the Lemmy Caution " stereotype " effectively shattered Constantine's connection with the character — he was never again offered a Lemmy Caution role and reportedly said that he was shunned by producers after Alphaville was released.

Ultimately Constantine's efforts to bring unity between the " catholics " and the Donatists failed, and by 321 Constantine granted toleration to the Donatists.