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Constantius II (; 7 August 317 – 3 November 361 ), was Roman Emperor from 337 to 361.
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Constantius and II
The Roman Emperors Constantius II ( 337 – 361 ) and Valens ( 364 – 378 ) were Arians or Semi-Arians.
However, to minimize the extent of the movement ignores the facts that at least two Roman emperors, Constantius II and Valens, became Arians, as did prominent Gothic, Vandal and Lombard warlords both before and after the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
However, there is no evidence that his son and ultimate successor, Constantius II, who was an Arian Christian, was exiled.
Constantine's son Constantius II, who had become Emperor of the eastern part of the Empire, actually encouraged the Arians and set out to reverse the Nicene creed.
In 355 Constantius became the sole Emperor and extended his pro-Arian policy toward the western provinces, frequently using force to push through his creed, even exiling Pope Liberius and installing Antipope Felix II.
However, during the time of Arianism's flowering in Constantinople, the Gothic convert Ulfilas ( later the subject of the letter of Auxentius cited above ) was sent as a missionary to the Gothic barbarians across the Danube, a mission favored for political reasons by emperor Constantius II.
* 317 – Constantius II, Roman emperor ( d. 361 )
* 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory over Magnus Magnentius.
He came from Antioch and served under Constantius II and was probably appointed to ensure that nobody with western associations was serving in Britain during a time of mistrust, rebellion and suppression symbolised by the brutal acts of the imperial notary Paulus Catena.
A bust of Emperor Constantius II from Syria. Ammianus was born between 325 and 330 in the Greek-speaking East, possibly at Antioch on the Orontes.
Ammianus served as a soldier in the army of Constantius II ( and possibly Julian the Apostate ) in Gaul and Persia.
He entered the army at an early age, when Constantius II was emperor of the East, and was sent to serve under Ursicinus, governor of Nisibis in Mesopotamia, and magister militum.
The walls of Amida, built by Constantius II before the Siege of Amida of 359
Like many ancient historians, Ammianus had a strong political and religious agenda to pursue, however, and he contrasted Constantius II with Julian to the former's constant disadvantage ; like all ancient writers he was skilled in rhetoric, and this shows in his work.
* 355 – Claudius Silvanus, accused of treason, proclaims himself Roman Emperor against Constantius II.
Antipope Felix II was installed as Pope in 355 after the Emperor Constantius II banished the reigning Pope, Liberius, for refusing to subscribe the sentence of condemnation against Saint Athanasius.
He continued to lead the conflict against the Arians for the rest of his life and was engaged in theological and political struggles against the Emperors Constantine the Great and Constantius II and powerful and influential Arian churchmen, led by Eusebius of Nicomedia and others.
Shortly thereafter, however, Constantine's son, the new Roman Emperor Constantius II, renewed the order for Athanasius ' banishment in 338.
The persecution against the orthodox party broke out with renewed vigor, and Constantius II was induced to prepare drastic measures against Athanasius and the priests who were devoted to him.
Unfortunately, the emperor Constantius II seems to have been committed to having Athanasius deposed, and went so far as to send soldiers to arrest him.
Athanasius went into hiding in the desert with the Desert Fathers, and continued in his capacity as bishop from there until the death of Constantius II in 361.
The Batavi were still mentioned in 355 during the reign of Constantius II ( 317-361 ), when their island was already dominated by the Salii, a Frankish tribe that had sought Roman protection there in 297 after having been expelled from their own country by the Saxons.
* Constantius II ( 317 – 361 ), Roman Emperor from 337 to 361
Constantius and (;
Constantius I (; c. 31 March 250 – 25 July 306 ), commonly known as Constantius Chlorus, was Roman Emperor from 293 to 306.
Constantius and 7
Second exile: under Emperor Constantius, for 7. 5 years Apr 339 – 21 Oct 346 ; lived at Rome.
* August 7 – Constantius II, Roman Emperor ( d. 361 )
In 305 Constantius crossed over into Britain, travelled to the far north of the island and launched a military expedition against the Picts, claiming a victory against them and the title Britannicus Maximus II by 7 January 306.
A second visit in around 446 – 7 by Germanus, a former Roman general who had become Bishop of Auxerre, recorded in Constantius ' Vita, could have reflected Aetius ' response to the message.
9. 7. 3 ) was issued in 342 AD by the Christian emperors Constantius II and Constans.
Constantius and August
Magnentius, now realizing the futility of continuing his revolt, committed suicide in August that year ; making Constantius sole ruler of the empire.
246 / 50 – 18 August 330 ) was the consort of Emperor Constantius, and the mother of Emperor Constantine the Great.
Despite the promise of safe passage, and Constantine's assumption of clerical offices, Constantius imprisoned the former soldier and had him beheaded on his way to Ravenna in either August or September 411.
The sudden death of the nonentity Emperor Honorius 15 August 423, which followed the death of the more active Constantius III ( 421 ) and the exile of Empress Galla Placidia to Constantinople ( Spring 423 ), created a power vacuum " if it can be so described ", observes John Matthews, " was filled, as we should expect, by usurpation.
Constantius and 317
Constantius was born in 317 at Sirmium, Pannonia.
* November 3 – Constantius II, Roman Emperor ( b. 317 )
Constantius was born in 317 at Sirmium, Pannonia.
Constantius and –
Third exile: under Emperor Constantius, for 6 years Feb 356 – 21 Feb 362 ; in the Egyptian desert.
Meanwhile, his brother Constantine desired to retain control of Constans ' realm – leading Constantius ' two brothers into open conflict.
Bronze coin of Constantius II ( 337 – 361 ), found in Karghalik, modern China.
In the winter of 357 – 8, Constantius received ambassadors from Shapur II who demanded that Rome restore the lands surrendered by Narseh.
In spite of the some of the edicts issued by Constantius, it should be recognised that he was not fanatically anti-pagan – he never made any attempt to disband the various Roman priestly colleges or the Vestal Virgins, he never acted against the various pagan schools, and, at times, he actually made some effort to protect paganism.
" The great councils of 359 – 60 are therefore not reckoned ecumenical in the tradition of the church, and Constantius II is not remembered as a restorer of unity, but as a heretic who arbitrarily imposed his will on the church.
Constantius was a former governor of Dalmatia and a man of military experience stretching back to Aurelian's campaigns against Zenobia ( 272 – 73 ).
* 356 – Emperor Constantius II issues a decree closing all pagan temples in the Roman Empire.
* 421 – Constantius III becomes co-Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
* 293 – Roman Emperors Diocletian and Maximian appoint Constantius Chlorus as Caesar to Maximian.
* 350 – Vetranio is asked by Constantina, sister of Constantius II, to proclaim himself Caesar.
* 351 – Constantius II elevates his cousin Gallus to Caesar, and puts him in charge of the Eastern part of the Roman Empire.
* 250 – Constantius Chlorus, Roman Emperor ( d. 306 )
* 355 – Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with the government of the Prefecture of the Gauls.
* 361 – Emperor Constantius II dies of a fever at Mopsuestia in Cilicia, on his deathbed he is baptised and declares his cousin Julian rightful successor.
* 421 – Galla Placidia, wife of the Emperor Constantius III, becomes a widow for the second time when he dies suddenly of an illness.
* 351 – Battle of Mursa Major: the Roman Emperor Constantius II defeats the usurper Magnentius.
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