Unwilling to accept Magnentius as co-ruler, Constantius marched against him.

* Constantine I sends his half-brother Julius Constantius to Licinius at Sirmium ( Pannonia ), with the proposal to accept Bassianus as Caesar and his power over Italy.

Constantius first seemed to accept the new Emperor and sent him money to raise an army, as well as his regalia.

Shortly thereafter, however, Constantine's son, the new Roman Emperor Constantius II, renewed the order for Athanasius ' banishment in 338.

Constantius ' persistence in his opposition to Athanasius, combined with reports Athanasius received about the persecution of non-Arians by the new Arian bishop George of Laodicea, prompted Athanasius to write his more emotional History of the Arians, in which he described Constantius as a precursor of the Antichrist.

This new state of affairs was unacceptable to Constantius, who felt that as the only surviving son of Constantine the Great, the position of emperor was his alone.

Constantius subsequently sent Vetranio the imperial diadem and acknowledged the general ‘ s new position as Augustus.

They in turn appointed two new Caesars — Severus II in the west under Constantius, and Maximinus in the east under Galerius — thereby creating the second Tetrarchy.

Their Caesares, Galerius and Constantius Chlorus, were both raised to the rank of Augustus, and two new Caesares were appointed: Maximinus ( Caesar to Galerius ) and Flavius Valerius Severus ( Caesar to Constantius ).

* Emperor Constantius II builds new forts to secure upper Mesopotamia.

By 293, Diocletian, conscious of the ambitions of his co-emperor for his new son-in-law, allowed Maximian to promote Constantius in a new power sharing arrangement known as the Tetrarchy.

Before the assembled armies at Milan, Maximian removed his purple cloak and handed it to Severus, the new Caesar, and proclaimed Constantius as Augustus.

Emperor Constantius II helped the Salaminians not only for the reconstruction of their city but also he helped them by relieving them from paying taxes for a short period and thus the new city, rebuilt on a smaller scale, was named Constantia.

With the death of Ataulf and his successor Segeric, that same year Constantius signed a treaty with the new Visigothic king Wallia: in exchange of 600, 000 bushels of wheat and the territory of the region of Aquitaine, from the Pyrenees to the Garonne, the Visigoths pledged to fight on behalf of the Romans, as allies official or vassal state of the Empire ( foederati ), the Vandals, Alans and Suebi who in 407 had crossed the Rhine River and were stationed in the provinces of Hispania.

Under the latter's reign, Galla Placidia was returned to Ravenna where, in 417, at the urging of Honorius, she remarried, her new husband being the implacable enemy of the Goths, Constantius.

Rome, apparently, was pleased that Britain had a new king and sent a senator, Constantius Chlorus, to negotiate with Coel.

In 351 the Caesar Constantius Gallus built a new church in honor of Babylas at Daphne, a suburb of Antioch, and had the remains of the bishop transferred to it.

After a stormy debate his plan was agreed to and Leonas, the representative of Constantius II at the deliberation, rose and read a copy of a new Creed which Acacius had put into his hands.

# The Reign of Diocletian and his Three Associates, Maximian, Galerius, and Constantius – General Re-establishment of Order and Tranquility – The Persian War, Victory, and Triumph – The new Form of Administration – The Abdication and Retirement of Diocletian and Maximian

In late 361 he took part in the Chalcedon tribunal to condemn the ministers of Constantius II, and in 362, he was made consul as a reward by the new Emperor Julian ; on January 1 of that year he delivered a panegyric in Constantinople by way of thanks to the Emperor.

Constantius and Galerius became Augusti ( senior emperors ), while two new emperors, Severus and Maximinus, became Caesars ( junior emperors ).

However, during the time of Arianism's flowering in Constantinople, the Gothic convert Ulfilas ( later the subject of the letter of Auxentius cited above ) was sent as a missionary to the Gothic barbarians across the Danube, a mission favored for political reasons by emperor Constantius II.

* 317 – Constantius II, Roman emperor ( d. 361 )

He entered the army at an early age, when Constantius II was emperor of the East, and was sent to serve under Ursicinus, governor of Nisibis in Mesopotamia, and magister militum.

He returned to Italy with Ursicinus, when he was recalled by Constantius, and accompanied him on the expedition against Claudius Silvanus, who had been forced by the allegedly unjust accusations of his enemies into proclaiming himself emperor in Gaul.

However, upon Constans ' death in 350, a civil war broke out which left Constantius as sole emperor.

Unfortunately, the emperor Constantius II seems to have been committed to having Athanasius deposed, and went so far as to send soldiers to arrest him.

Division of the Roman Empire among the Caesars appointed by Constantine I: from left to right, the territories of Constantine II ( emperor ) | Constantine II, Constans I, Dalmatius and Constantius II.

Before facing Magnentius, Constantius first came to terms with Vetranio, a loyal general in Illyricum who had recently been acclaimed emperor by his soldiers.

A plot organized by members of Constantius ' court led the emperor to recall Silvanus.

A later edict issued by Constantius after becoming sole emperor decreed that a person who was proven to have converted from Christianity to Judaism would have their entire property confiscated by the state.

A. H. M Jones writes that Constantius " appears in the pages of Ammianus as a conscientious emperor but a vain and stupid man, an easy prey to flatterers.

Division of the Roman Empire among the Caesars appointed by Constantine I: from left to right, the territories of Constantine II ( emperor ) | Constantine II, Constans, Dalmatius and Constantius II.

Following the death of his father in 337, Constantine II initially became emperor jointly with his brothers Constantius II and Constans, with the Empire divided between them and their cousins, the Caesars Dalmatius and Hannibalianus.

The beginning of his episcopacy was remarkable for a prodigy by which is related by Socrates, Philostorgius, the chronicle of Alexandria, & c. St. Cyril, an eye-witness wrote immediately to the emperor Constantius, an exact account of this miraculous phenomenon: and his letter is quoted as a voucher for it by Sozomen, Theophanes, Eutychius, John of Nice, Glycas, and others.

Cyril was caught when a dancer was seen wearing a coat that contained gold thread: a direct gift from the emperor Constantius.

In 414, Constantius attacked Ataulf, who proclaimed Priscus Attalus emperor again.

In the turmoil after the death of Constantine in 337, in order to establish himself as sole emperor, Julian's zealous Arian Christian cousin Constantius II led a massacre of most of Julian's close relatives.

This left Constantius II as the sole remaining emperor.

In 355, Julian was summoned to appear before the emperor in Mediolanum and on 6 November was made Caesar of the West, marrying Constantius ' sister, Helena.

On December 11, 361, Julian entered Constantinople as sole emperor and, despite his rejection of Christianity, his first political act was to preside over Constantius ' Christian burial, escorting the body to the Church of the Apostles, where it was placed alongside that of Constantine.

* Augusta Treverorum ( modern Trier, in Germany ) was the capital of Constantius Chlorus, the western Caesar, near the strategic Rhine border, it had been the capital of Gallic emperor Tetricus I ; this quarter became the prefecture Galliae.

* September 2 – Constantius III, emperor of the Western Roman Empire

* Constantius Chlorus divorces his wife ( or concubine ) Helena, mother of Constantine I, and marries emperor Maximian's stepdaughter, Theodora.

He was banished to the desert of Thebais by the emperor Constantius.