Rather than pursuing his opponent, Constantius then turned his attention to securing the Danubian border, where he spent the early months of 352 campaigning against the Sarmatians along the middle Danube.

Apparently, realising his death was near, Constantius had himself baptised by Euzoius, the Semi-Arian bishop of Antioch, and then declared that Julian was his rightful successor.

Maximian's son Maxentius, and Constantius ' son Constantine would then become Caesars.

Honorius now found himself an able commander, Constantius, who defeated Maximus and Gerontius, and then Constantine, in 411.

He then moved to Moesia ( within the Roman Empire ) under the protection of the Arian Emperor Constantius II.

His first recorded act was, after a synod had been held at Rome, to write to Emperor Constantius II, then in quarters at Arles ( 353 – 354 ), asking that a council might be called at Aquileia with reference to the affairs of Athanasius of Alexandria, but his messenger Vincentius of Capua was compelled by the emperor at a conciliabulum held in Arles to subscribe against his will to a condemnation of the orthodox patriarch of Alexandria.

After the death of the Emperor Constantius in 361, Liberius annulled the decrees of that assembly but, with the concurrence of bishops Athanasius and Hilary of Poitiers, retained the bishops who had signed and then withdrew their adherence.

Gerontius had then besieged Constantine in the city of Arles ( 411 ), but the arrival of the troops of Constantius from Italy had put him in serious trouble, being at the same time a besieger and a besieged.

The future Constantius III, who arrived at Arles, put Gerontius to flight and then took over the siege of Constantine in Arles.

It is believed that after the death of Eusebius in 341, Constantius then sent Gallus and Julian to continue their studies at the imperial household in Macellum, Cappadocia.

In 354 AD the Roman Emperor, Constantius II stationed the Roman 7th Army in Chalon ( then called Cabyllona ) for an invasion against the brother kings, Gundomad and Vadomar of the Alamanni.

Imru ' al-Qais escaped to Bahrain, taking his dream of a unified Arab nation with him, and then to Syria seeking the promised assistance from Constantius II which never materialized, so he stayed there until he died.

According to Socrates, after Constantine was proclaimed Caesar then Emperor, he ordered that all honor be paid to his mother, Helena to make up for the neglect paid her by her former husband, Constantius Chlorus.

In 357 he recited in the senate of Constantinople two orations in honour of Constantius, which were intended to have been delivered before the emperor himself, who was then at Rome.

Already in 341 Acacius had attended the council of Antioch, when in the presence of the emperor Constantius II " the Golden Basilica " was dedicated by a band of ninety bishops, and he subscribed the ambiguous creeds then drawn up from which the term Homoousion and all mention of " substance " were excluded.

Brought up a Christian, Emperor Julian had converted to a philosophical and mystical form of paganism ; and once in power upon the providential death of Constantius II, then Julian attempted to reorganize the highly decentralized pagan cults, on lines analogous to the Christian Church.

Basil persuaded Constantius to summon a general council, Ancyra being proposed, then Nicomedia ( both in Asia Minor ), but as the latter city was destroyed by an earthquake, Basil was again at Sirmium in 359 where the Arianizers had meanwhile regained their footing ; with Germinius of Sirmium, George of Alexandria, Ursacius and Valens, and bishop ( later saint ) Marcus of Arethusa, he held a conference which lasted until night.

However, when Constantius requested reinforcements from Julian ’ s army for the eastern campaign, the Gallic legions revolted and proclaimed Julian Augustus.

* First Council of Constantinople: Emperor Constantius II requested a church council, at Constantinople, both the eastern and western bishops attend the meeting.

A letter exists from the Emperor Constantius II to King Ezana and his brother Saizanas, in which he vainly requested them to substitute the Arian bishop Theophilus for Frumentius.

In 358, the Roman Emperor Constantius II requested two councils, one of the western bishops at Ariminum and one of the eastern bishops ( planned for Nicomedia but actually held at Seleucia ) to resolve the Arian controversy over the nature of the divinity of Jesus Christ, which divided the 4th-century church.

However, feeling that the east still required some sort of imperial presence, he elevated his cousin Constantius Gallus to Caesar of the eastern provinces.

The Romans must have used Tarvin as a Roman coin of Constantius 1 ( AD 293 – 305 ) was found in the area and other finds in other nearby villages reinforce the evidence of the Romans presence in the area.

Constantius Gallus added inhabitants of Batavia to his legions, " of whose discipline we still make use.

In 351, as a consequence of the difficulty of managing the entire empire alone, Constantius elevated his cousin Constantius Gallus, the eldest surviving son of Constantius ' half-uncle, Julius Constantius, to the subordinate rank of Caesar, but had him executed three years later after receiving scathing reports of his cousin's violent and corrupt nature.

Shortly after in 355, Constantius promoted Gallus ' younger half-brother and Constantius ' last surviving cousin, Julian to the rank of Caesar.

The massacre left Constantius, his older brother Constantine II, his younger brother Constans, and three cousins Gallus, Julian and Nepotianus as the only surviving male relatives of Constantine the Great.

In the meantime, Constantius had been receiving some disturbing reports regarding the actions of his cousin Gallus.

Constantius Gallus was a paternal cousin of Constantius.

However, after some convincing by one of Constantius ’ agents, Gallus continued his journey west, passing through Constantinople and Thrace to Poetovio ( Ptuj ) in Pannonia.

In Poetovio, Gallus was arrested by the soldiers of Constantius under the command of Barbatio.

At first, this so greatly angered Constantius that he immediately ordered Gallus ' execution.

Unfortunately for Gallus, this order was delayed by Eusebius, one of Constantius ‘ eunuchs, and as a result Gallus was executed.

Constantius II ordered the murders of many descendants from the second marriage of Constantius Chlorus and Theodora, leaving only Constantius and his brothers Constantine II and Constans I, and their cousins, Julian and Gallus ( Julian's half-brother ), as the surviving males related to Emperor Constantine.

In need of support, in 351 he made Julian's half-brother, Gallus, Caesar of the East, while Constantius II himself turned his attention westward to Magnentius, whom he defeated decisively that year.

Constantius, after his experience with Gallus, intended his representative to be more a figurehead than an active participant in events, so he packed Julian off to Gaul with a small retinue and Constantius ' prefects in Gaul would keep him in check.

* 351 – Constantius II elevates his cousin Gallus to Caesar, and puts him in charge of the Eastern part of the Roman Empire.

In 350, he was made Caesar ( title ) | Caesar by Constantius and was married to the Emperor's sister, Constantina.

* 350 – Vetranio is asked by Constantina, sister of Constantius II, to proclaim himself Caesar.

His mother was an Arian, sister of Clearchus, also an Arian, and a paternal granddaughter of Gallus ( born c. 370 ), son of Anastasia ( born c. 352 ) and husband, in turn daughter of Flavius Claudius Constantius Gallus and wife and cousin Constantina.

* March 1 – Vetranio is asked by Constantina, sister of Constantius II, to proclaim himself Caesar.

This revolt had a loyalist mark, since Vetranio was supported by Constantina, and Constantius II himself recognized Vetranio, sending him the imperial diadem.

Constantius II prepared to move against the usurper, but needed a representative in the East, so he called Gallus at Sirmium, raised him to the rank of caesar ( 15 March 351 ), gave him the name Constantius, and strengthened the bonds with his cousin by allowing Gallus to marry his sister Constantina.

Next, Constantius summoned Gallus and Constantina to Milan.

Gallus tried to put the blame of all of his actions on Constantina, but Constantius sentenced him to death ; the emperor later changed his mind, and ordered the caesar to be spared, but Eusebius ordered that the news was not to reach the executioners.

He was an experienced soldier and officer when he was asked by Constantina, the sister of Roman Emperor Constantius II, to proclaim himself Caesar ( March 1, 350 ).