The Consumer Broadband and Digital Television Promotion Act ( or CBDTPA ) was a United States bill proposed in 2002 that would have prohibited any kind of technology that could be used to read digital content without digital rights management ( DRM )— which prohibits copying and reading any content under copyright without permission of the copyright owner.

Abraham authored the " H1B Visa in Global and National Commerce Act ", establishing a federal framework for on-line contracts and signatures ; the " Government Paperwork Elimination Act ", and the " Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act ", which protects Internet domain names for businesses and persons against copyright and trademark infringements.

The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 has clarified this area of concern by making changes to the U. S. Bankruptcy Code that include, along with many other reforms, language imposing a means test for Chapter 7 cases.

Federal courts can sometimes hear cases arising under state law pursuant to diversity jurisdiction, state courts can decide certain matters involving federal law, and a handful of federal claims are primarily reserved by federal statute to the state courts ( for example, those arising from the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 ).

Consumer and commercial equipment differ in a number of ways ; commercial gear is generally ruggedized, with metal cases, and often has only a few specific frequencies programmed into it ( often, though not always, with a computer or other outside programming device ; older units can simply swap crystals ), since a given business or public safety agent must often abide by a specific frequency allocation.

The courts have long held equitable jurisdiction to set aside " harsh and unconscionable bargains ", but prior to the Consumer Credit Act this was mainly used in cases where uninformed tradespeople have been selling goods at a loss, and was rarely used in the 20th century.

He initiated, and in some cases directly created, dozens of new institutions including: Open University, Which ?, International Alert, University of the Third Age, Economic and Social Research Council, National Extension College, National Consumer Council, Open College of the Arts and School for Social Entrepreneurs.

Consumer surplus is the area between the price line and the demand curve.

Consumer X is left with no consumer surplus, while Consumer Y is left with area B.

Many systems were sold in the New Orleans area in the ensuing years before the first public demonstration of this integration occurred in 1982 at the Summer Consumer Electronics Show in Chicago, Illinois.

The National Consumer Agency ( NCA ) has campaigned in this area, and in September 2008 it launched a website explaining consumer rights.

It was founded by William Allen, who allowed the use of his laboratory at No. 2 Plough Court for the Society's scientific experiments ; Alex Hearn, founder of Kind Consumer and Oxford Entrepreneurs, and the other two principal founders were Richard Phillips and William Haseldine Pepys, both Quakers from the Lombard Street area.

Consumer goods companies usually try to set up their shops and show rooms in active shopping area to attract customer attention and their main focus is to do lots of advertising and promotion so that to attract more customer.

SMH offers care in 40 different specialties and is ranked as one of " America's Best Hospitals " by U. S. News & World Report, and has won the Consumer Choice Award for the best hospital in the area for 12 consecutive years.

The Consumer Credit Act provided guidelines for the court in determining whether a credit bargain is extortionate and extends the courts jurisdiction in this area to cover all credit agreements.

Kaplan is an enthusiast of high-end audio and video equipment, and has reported from the Consumer Electronics Show on new technologies in this area, as well as penning shopping-advice columns on what sorts of new TVs offer the best value.

An annual dividend of $ 150 – 320 is paid to each customer in the Auckland Energy Consumer Trust area.

Consumer privacy concerns date back to the first commercial couriers and bankers, who in every culture took strong measures to protect customer privacy, but also in every culture tended to be subject to very harsh punitive measures for failures to keep a customer's information private.

The European Commission Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety ( SCCS ) concludes that to date, there is no evidence that using triclosan leads to an increase in antibiotic resistance.

However, on July 21, 2011, TILA's general rule making authority was transferred to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, which was established on that date pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act which was enacted in July 2010.

Consumer rights activist Anwar Fazal later proposed the observance of a " World Consumer Rights Day " marking that date, and on 15 March 1983 consumer organizations began observing that date as an occasion to promote basic rights of consumers.

Vociferous community opposition ensued, and the party lay dormant for a year during the New York City Department of Consumer Affairs ' longest administrative trial to date, based on their insistence that Mancuso required a " cabaret license ".

Consumer communities have suffered at the hands of the productive interests.

They have three ministers in Berlin: Hans-Peter Friedrich ( Federal Ministry of the Interior ), Peter Ramsauer ( Federal Minister of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs ) and Ilse Aigner ( Minister of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection ).

The Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame inducted him in 2000, " in recognition of his contributions and pioneering spirit that have laid the foundation for consumer electronics.

Consumer organizations, environmentalist groups, and opponents to food irradiation refer to some studies suggesting that a large part of the public questions the safety of irradiated foods, and will not buy foods that have been irradiated.

Consumer Price inflation have also curtailed since 2008, when Nicaragua's inflation rate hovered at 19. 82 %.

There were plans to release the G7400 in the United States as the Odyssey³ and later as the Odyssey³ Command Center ; the system was demonstrated at the 1983 Consumer Electronics Show and some prototypes have been found.

Consumer equipment, and in particular compact audio cassette recorders have the bias set at a compromise level ( usually a little higher ) to give good frequency response and acceptably low distortion.

Russ Heimerich, a spokesman for the state Department of Consumer Affairs, said, " We have not seen any evidence of the kind of massive desecration that being alleged ... The kind of activity they're alleging not easily hidden, especially on a willful, large-scale basis.

As offerings have evolved to include multiple services and data operators have increasingly given consumers the opportunity to rent additional devices like access modems, internet gateways and video extenders that enable them to access multiple services, and distribute them to a range of Consumer Electronics devices around the home.

Consumer products like this have been using firmware since the 1970s.

Throughout 2010 and 2011 a number of authorities around the world including the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, the Bank of Namibia and the Central Bank of Lesotho have declared TVI Express to be a pyramid scheme.

Over the years, many academic settings have adopted other names for the study of home economics, such as Human Sciences, Human Ecology, and Family and Consumer Sciences.

According to the auto editors of Consumer Guide it had " an unusually long option list for the era " so owners could have luxury and conveniences typically found in more expensive cars, and these options " came with a much higher profit margin " for the automaker.

Consumer prices have risen marginally over the past few years.

According to Consumer Reports, as many as 56 % of Americans don't have a will.

Price fixing is illegal in Australia under the Consumer and Competition Act 2010 which have considerably similar prohibitions to the US and Canadian prohibitions.

Consumer DIMM vendors have recently begun to distinguish between single and dual ranked DIMMs.

Consumer analog cassette tapes may have a dynamic range of 60 to 70 dB.

4173, the bill that became the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, Representative Maurice Hinchey ( D-NY ) proposed an amendment to the bill that would have reenacted Glass-Steagall Sections 20 and 32 and also prohibited bank insurance activities.

Since these accounts include the equivalent rental value of owner-occupied dwellings, the equivalent rental approach would have to be applied in the Consumer Price Index too.

Recent developments in U. S. trademark law have included the adoption of the Federal Trademark Dilution Act of 1995 ( see Trademark dilution ), the 1999 Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act, and the Trademark Dilution Revision Act of 2006 ( see Trademark dilution ).

In the United States, the Consumer Product Safety Commission and the American National Standards Institute have created a Standardized Document and Training System for certification of Playground Safety Inspectors.

Consumer products such as baby alarms have been available at least since 1940.