Consumer surplus is the difference between the value of a good to a consumer and the price the consumer must pay in the market to purchase it.

Consumer surplus or consumers ' surplus is the monetary gain obtained by consumers because they are able to purchase a product for a price that is less than the highest price that they would be willing to pay.

Consumer surplus is the area between the price line and the demand curve.

Consumer X is left with no consumer surplus, while Consumer Y is left with area B.

* Consumer surplus

* Consumer surplus

* Consumer surplus for software products

Consumer surplus can be calculated differently for software products than for other products.

An Administrator is required in the Consumer Proposal, and a Trustee in the Division I Proposal ( these are virtually the same although the terms are not interchangeable ).

While there are self-contained departments for the creation of arcade, pachinko and pachislo, online, and mobile games, the Consumer Games R & D Division instead is an amalgamation of subsections in charge of various game development stages.

Internationally there is the International Consumer Protection and Enforcement Network ( ICPEN ), which was formed in 1991 from an informal network of government customer fair trade organisations.

In Australia, Trade is covered under Australian Treasury Guidelines for electronic commerce, and the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission regulates and offers advice on how to deal with businesses online, and offers specific advice on what happens if things go wrong.

FAO is composed of eight departments: Administration and Finance, Agriculture and Consumer Protection, Economic and Social Development, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Forestry, Knowledge and Communication, Natural Resource Management and Technical Cooperation.

The Irish health system, being administered centrally by the Health Service Executive, is seen to be poor by comparison to other countries in Europe, ranking outside expected levels at 25th according to the Euro Health Consumer Index 2006.

The H. J. Heinz Company (), commonly known as Heinz and famous for its " 57 Varieties " slogan and its ketchup, is a U. S Consumer packaged goods company with world headquarters in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

The Infocom trademark is currently held by Pete Hottelet's Omni Consumer Products, who registered the name around the same time as Klaeffling in 2007.

Consumer perception of foods treated with irradiation is more negative than those processed by other means.

Consumer advocacy groups such as Public Citizen or Food and Water Watch maintain that the safety of irradiated food is not proven, in particular long-term studies are still lacking, and strongly oppose the use of the technology.

Another innovation, the August Third People's Consumer Goods Production Movement, is centred on consumer goods production.

Philips is organized into three main divisions: Philips Consumer Lifestyle ( formerly Philips Consumer Electronics and Philips Domestic Appliances and Personal Care ), Philips Healthcare ( formerly Philips Medical Systems ) and Philips Lighting.

Consumer confidence is one measure used to evaluate economic sentiment.

After exhibiting at the Consumer Electronics Show in January 1999, Mike Ramsay announced to the company that the first version of the TiVo digital video recorder would ship " In Q1 ," ( the last day of which is 31 March ) despite an estimated four to five months of work remaining to complete the device.

* January – The world's first personal all-in-one computer ( keyboard / screen / tape storage ), the Commodore PET, is demonstrated at the Consumer Electronics Show in Chicago

A chief measure of price inflation is the inflation rate, the annualized percentage change in a general price index ( normally the Consumer Price Index ) over time.

Family and Consumer Sciences Education is viewed as the focus of individuals and families living in society throughout the life span.

The AAFCS ( American Association of Family & Consumer Sciences ) represents teachers, educators, cooperatives, business, designers and nutritionists. The American Association of Family & Consumer Sciences ( AAFCS ) is the only national forum where K-12 teachers, university educators, and corporate executives collaborate to improve the quality of individual and family life.

Consumer Reports has noted that some third-party cartridges may contain less ink than OEM cartridges, and thus yield no cost savings ,< REF name =" Auto5I-7 "/> while Wilhelm Imaging Research claims that with third-party inks the lifetime of prints may be considerably reduced.

In 1972, the meat and poultry inspection divisions of the Consumer and Marketing Service ( later known as the Agricultural Marketing Service ) were added to APHS, thus creating the contemporary APHIS.

" Though the two companies reached a tentative agreement, with final contract papers to be signed at the 1983 Summer Consumer Electronics Show ( CES ), Atari refused to sign at the last minute, after seeing Coleco, one of its main competitors in the market at that time, demonstrating a prototype of Donkey Kong for its forthcoming Coleco Adam home computer system Although the game had been originally produced for the ColecoVision and could thus automatically be played on the backwards compatible Adam computer, Atari took the demonstration as a sign that Nintendo was also dealing with Coleco.

Consumer behaviour is a multidisciplinary field which is integral to Industrial Psychology and aspects of household economy studied in microeconomics.

The Consumer Price Index tracks the variation in prices for different consumer goods and services over time in a constant geographical location, and is integral to calculations used to adjust salaries, bond interest rates, and tax thresholds for inflation.

FCCLA is the only in-school student organization with the family as its central focus ; is a vocational student organization that functions as an integral part of the Family and Consumer Sciences education curriculum and operates within the school system, and it provides opportunities for active student participation at local, state, and national levels.

Consumer demand can be restrained in favor of greater capital investment for economic development in a desired pattern.

Consumer theory uses indifference curves and budget constraints to generate consumer demand curves.

Consumer demand surveys are interview based statistical surveys that measure the percentage of households that will buy a car, white goods, PCs, TVs, home furnishings, kitchenware or toys in, for example, the next three-month period.

The Institute for Business Cycle Analysis publishes a monthly consumer demand survey known as US Consumer Demand Indices.

Consumer Y's demand is exactly twice consumer X's demand, and each of these consumers is represented by a separate demand curve, and their combined demand ( Dmarket ).

Provisions of the 1933 Banking Act that were later repealed or replaced include ( 1 ) Sections 5 ( c ) and 19, which required an owner of more than 50 % of a Federal Reserve System member bank ’ s stock to receive a permit from ( and submit to inspection by ) the Federal Reserve Board to vote that stock ( replaced by the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 ); ( 2 ) Section 8, which established the Federal Open Market Committee ( FOMC ) made up of representatives from each of the 12 Federal Reserve Banks ( replaced by the Federal Reserve Board-dominated FOMC established by the Banking Act of 1935 ); ( 3 ) Section 11 ( b ), which prohibited interest payments on demand deposits ( repealed by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 ) and authorized the Federal Reserve Board to limit interest rates on time deposits ( phased out by the Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act of 1980 ), both of which interest limitations were incorporated into Regulation Q, and ( 4 ) Section 12, which prohibited Federal Reserve System member bank loans to their executive officers and required the repayment of outstanding loans ( replaced by the 1935 Banking Act ’ s regulation of such loans and modified by later legislation ).

Consumer choice is a theory of microeconomics that relates preferences for consumption goods and services to consumption expenditures and ultimately to consumer demand curves.

Consumer theory is therefore based around the problem of generate refutable hypotheses about the nature of consumer demand from this behavioral postulate.

* Consumer demand tests ( animals )

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, however, passed by Congress and signed into law by President Obama on July 21, 2010, repealed the statutes that prohibit interest-bearing demand deposit accounts, effectively repealing Regulation Q ( Pub.

* 25 April – The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission in a landmark judgement rules that hospitals are duty bound to accept accident victims, that patients in critical condition and that doctors cannot first demand fees before agreeing to treat the patient and that a relative's consent is not necessary if there is no family member present at the time.

Consumer demand for innovative, expensive, and increasingly complex electronically-controlled and computerized appliances, coupled with higher labor costs and complaints over Maytag product quality and service, influenced a decline in Maytag sales and profit margins.

Consumer spending or consumer demand or consumption is also known as personal consumption expenditure.

Consumer demand for more of these knives resulted in the importation of large numbers of side-opening and telescoping blade switchblades, primarily from Italy.

The Regulation Q prohibition of interest-bearing demand deposit accounts was effectively repealed by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 ( Pub.

Consumer demand is inelastic and largely insensitive to price change, while sales volumes are generally low.

Consumer demand was calculated by computers from data gathered by surveys.

Consumer demand is generated by people who actively or passively buy the products or services of trafficked labor.