Copernicus, to an extent unachieved by Ptolemy, approximated to Euclid's vision.

That such deficiencies existed within Ptolemy's theory was not discovered de novo by Copernicus.

* Nicholas Copernicus by Bertel Thorvaldsen

Copernicus himself was mainly motivated by technical dissatisfaction with the earlier system and not by support for any mediocrity principle.

A great breakthrough in astronomy was made by Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus ( 1473 – 1543 ), who proposed in 1543 the heliocentric model of the solar system.

Galileo, however, felt that the descriptive content of the technical disciplines warranted philosophical interest, particularly because mathematical analysis of astronomical observations — notably the radical analysis offered by astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus concerning the relative motions of the Sun, Earth, Moon, and planets — indicated that philosophers ' statements about the nature of the universe could be shown to be in error.

Furthermore, Copernicus continued to use as a point of reference the center of the earth's orbit rather than that of the sun, as he says, " as an aid to calculation and in order not to confuse the reader by diverging too much from Ptolemy.

However, his mockery of the idea of a round earth was criticised by Copernicus as " childish ".

In the Galileo affair, the acceptance, from 1616 to 1757, of the Greek geocentric model ( Ptolemaic system ) by the Roman Catholic Church, and its consequent opposition to heliocentrism, was first called into question by the Catholic cleric Copernicus, and subsequently disproved conclusively by Galileo, who was persecuted for his minority view.

The idea that the earth moved around the sun, as advocated by Copernicus, was to most of his contemporaries doubtful.

The two largest of these hospitals, recently run by the voivodeship, are to be taken over by Nicolaus Copernicus University and run as its clinical units.

Alternatively, he may have proved the heliocentric theory by determining the constants of a geometric model for the heliocentric theory and by developing methods to compute planetary positions using this model, like what Nicolaus Copernicus later did in the 16th century.

As noted by Copernicus himself, the suggestion that the Earth rotates was very old, dating at least to Philolaus ( c. 450 BC ), Heraclides Ponticus ( c. 350 BC ) and Ecphantus the Pythagorean.

* Possible date-Nicolaus Copernicus begins to write Commentariolus, an abstract of what will eventually become his heliocentric astronomy De revolutionibus orbium coelestium ; he sends it to other scientists interested in the matter by 1514.

** Nicolaus Copernicus ' De revolutionibus is placed on the Index of Forbidden Books by the Congregation of the Index of the Roman Catholic Church.

* October 7 – The first biography of Nicolaus Copernicus ( d. 1543 ) is completed by Bernardino Baldi.

This value was improved by 28 seconds in 1525 by Nicolaus Copernicus, who appealed to the estimation of Thabit ibn Qurra ( 826 – 901 ), which had an error of + 2 seconds.

It was more accurate than later measurements by Copernicus and Tycho Brahe.

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Copernicus.

In 1543 Copernicus ' work on the heliocentric model of the solar system was published, in which he tried to demonstrate that the sun was the center of the universe.

The Aristotelian model was accepted in the Western world for roughly two millennia, until Copernicus revived Aristarchus ' theory that the astronomical data could be explained more plausibly if the earth rotated on its axis and if the sun were placed at the center of the universe.

* 1543 – Nicolaus Copernicus places the sun at the gravitational center, starting a revolution in science

Copernicus in De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium published in Nuremberg in 1543 challenged the Western religious teaching of a geocentric universe where the sun rotated around the earth.

* Heath, T. L. ( 1913 ) Aristarchus of Samos, the Ancient Copernicus: A history of Greek astronomy to Aristarchus together with Aristarchus ' treatise on the sizes and distances of the sun and moon, a new Greek text with translation and notes, Oxford, Clarendon Press ( PDF ).

Thus while Tycho acknowledged that the daily rising and setting of the sun and stars could be explained by the Earth's rotation, as Copernicus had said, still such a fast motion could not belong to the earth, a body very heavy and dense and opaque, but rather belongs to the sky itself whose form and subtle and constant matter are better suited to a perpetual motion, however fast.

Moreover his theory of the cold earth at rest and the hot sun in motion was doomed to disproof at the hands of Copernicus.

To Riccioli the question was not between the geocentric world system of Ptolemy and the heliocentric world system of Copernicus, for the telescope had unseated the Ptolemaic system ; it was between the geo-heliocentric world system developed by Tycho Brahe in the 1570s ( in which the sun, moon, and stars circle an immobile Earth, while the planets circle the sun – sometimes called a " geo-heliocentric " or " hybrid " system ) and that of Copernicus.

In 1609 Kepler fixed Copernicus ' theory by stating that the planets orbit the sun not in circles, but ellipses.

This Holy Congregation has also learned about the spreading and acceptance by many of the false Pythagorean doctrine, altogether contrary to the Holy Scripture, that the earth moves and the sun is motionless, which is also taught by Nicholaus Copernicus ' De revolutionibus orbium coelestium and by

The Lord promises Nephi all things “ according to thy word, for thou shalt not ask that which is contrary to my will .” Nephi was aware of celestial navigation ; Nephi referred to what is known in our day, as the Copernicus discovery, stating, " It appeareth unto man that the sun standeth still, for surely it is the earth that moveth and not the sun.

To describe the innovation initiated by Copernicus as the simple interchange of the position of the earth and sun is to make a molehill out of a promontory in the development of human thought.

If in any one calculation Ptolemy had had to invoke 83 epicycles all at once, while Copernicus never required more than one third this number, then ( in the sense obvious to Margenau ) Ptolemaic astronomy would be simpler than Copernican.

Hermann Bondi named the principle after Copernicus in the mid-20th century, although the principle itself dates back to the 16th-17th century paradigm shift away from the Ptolemaic system, which placed Earth at the center of the Universe.

Researchers at Case Western Reserve University and Copernicus Therapeutics are able to create tiny liposomes 25 nanometers across that can carry therapeutic DNA through pores in the nuclear membrane.

Having made the assumption that the Sun was at the center of the universe, Copernicus realized that calculating tables of planetary motion ( mathematical charts that describe the movements of planets ) was much easier and more accurate.

He claims that Copernicus arrived at the Earth's true relation to the Sun not as a consequence of following a method, but via " the greater intellectual satisfaction he derived from the celestial panorama as seen from the Sun instead of the Earth.

This includes the building of state of the art new terminals with an increased number of jetways and stands at both Copernicus Airport in Wrocław and Lech Wałęsa Airport in Gdańsk.

On pages 190 and 191 of Owen Gingerich's monograph on Copernicus The Book Nobody Read, reference is made to an astronomical fresco in the main gallery of the Escorial Library, near Madrid, Spain, built 1567-84, which shows Dionysius the Areopagite observing an eclipse at the time of Christ's crucifixion.

Copernicus dies on the 24th at the age of 70.

Nicolaus Copernicus | Copernicus ' De revolutionibus orbium coelestium at the Jagiellonian Library.

From 1516 – 21, Nicolaus Copernicus lived at the castle as administrator of Allenstein and Mehlsack ( Pieniężno ); he was in charge of the defenses of Allenstein and Warmia during the Polish-Teutonic War of 1519 – 21.

" Copernicus was aware of the practice of exchanging bad coins for good ones and melting down the latter or sending them abroad, and he seems to have drawn up some notes on this subject while he was at Olsztyn in 1519.

These lectures were attended by Nicolaus Copernicus, who enrolled at the Academy in 1491.

* Copernicus ' astronomical observatory, work room, instruments and planetarium are on display at Frombork's Copernicus Museum

The spacecraft was targeted at Sinus Medii, but crashed near Copernicus crater.

The empirical methodology he developed proved to be extraordinarily accurate for its day and was still in use at the time of Copernicus and Kepler.

Copernicus eliminated Ptolemy's somewhat-maligned equant but at a cost of additional epicycles.

Copernicus ' theory was at least as accurate as Ptolemy's but never achieved the stature and recognition of Ptolemy's theory.

* Bernstein, Jeremy Hitler ’ s Uranium Club: The Secret Recordings at Farm Hall ( Copernicus, 2001 ) ISBN 0-387-95089-3

Among the astronomers who were asked to work on the problem of how the calendar could be reformed was Nicolaus Copernicus, a canon at Frombork ( Frauenburg ).