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Council of Trent ( 1545 – 1563, with interruptions ) addressed church reform and repudiated Protestantism, defined the role and canon of Scripture and the seven sacraments, and strengthened clerical discipline and education. Temporarily attended by Lutheran delegates.
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Council and Trent
Extreme Unction was the usual name for the sacrament in the West from the late twelfth century until 1972, and was thus used at the Council of Trent and in the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia.
That doctrine had been written about much earlier by Augustine of Hippo and was eventually defined a dogma by the Council of Trent.
The popularity and success of the Baroque style was encouraged by the Roman Catholic Church, which had decided at the time of the Council of Trent, in response to the Protestant Reformation, that the arts should communicate religious themes in direct and emotional involvement.
The Council of Trent, the summation of the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation, declared the entire book, both Hebrew text and Greek additions, to be canonical.
At the Council of Trent, on 15 November 1551, the necessity for a second conversion after baptism was delineated:
Because clerics resisted it, the celibacy mandate was restated at the Second Lateran Council ( 1139 ) and the Council of Trent ( 1545 – 64 ).
During the pontificate of Pope Paul III the Council fathers met for the first through eighth sessions in Trent ( 1545 – 7 ), and for the ninth through eleventh sessions in Bologna ( 1547 ).
Under Pope Julius III, the Council met in Trent ( 1551 – 52 ) for the twelfth through sixteenth sessions, and under Pope Pius IV, the seventeenth through twenty-fifth sessions took place in Trent ( 1559 – 63 ).
The Council of Trent, delayed and interrupted several times because of political or religious disagreements, was a major reform council and the most impressive embodiment of the ideals of the Counter-Reformation.
When announcing Vatican II, Pope John XXIII stated that the precepts of the Council of Trent continue to the modern day, a position that was reaffirmed by Pope Paul VI.
Faced with a Turkish attack, Charles held the support of the Protestant German rulers, all of whom delayed the opening of the Council of Trent.
Unable, however, to resist the urging of Charles V, the pope, after proposing Mantua as the place of meeting, convened the council at Trent ( at that time a free city of the Holy Roman Empire under a prince-bishop ), on December 13, 1545 ; the Pope's decision to transfer it to Bologna in March, 1547 on the pretext of avoiding a plague failed to take effect and the Council was indefinitely prorogued on 17 September 1549.
Much more than the Second Council of Nicaea ( 787 ) the Council fathers of Trent stressed the pedagogical purpose of Christian images.
The most comprehensive history is still Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent ( Geschichte des Konzils von Trient ) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent, The fight for a Council ( Vol I, 1951 ); The History of the Council of Trent The first Sessions in Trent ( 1545 – 1547 ) ( Vol II, 1957 ); The History of the Council of Trent Sessions in Bologna 1547 – 1548 and Trent 1551 – 1552 ( Vol III, 1970, 1998 ); The History of the Council of Trent Third Period and Conclusion ( Vol IV, 1976 ).
Council and 1545
By the end of the 15th century was widely professed and taught in many theological faculties, but such was the influence of the Dominicans, and the weight of the arguments of Thomas Aquinas ( who had been canonised in 1323 and declared " Doctor Angelicus " of the Church in 1567 ) that the Council of Trent ( 1545 – 63 )— which might have been expected to affirm the doctrine — instead declined to take a position.
During the Counter Reformation and Baroque periods ( late 16th and 17th centuries ), the cult of Mary Magdalene saw a great, new popularity as the Catholic Church publicized her as an attractive, persusasive model of repentance and reform, in keeping with the goals of the reform Council of Trent ( 1545 – 63 ).
As part of the Catholic Reformation, Pope Paul III ( 1534 – 49 ) initiated the Council of Trent ( 1545 – 63 ), which established the triumph of the papacy over those who sought to reconcile with Protestants or oppose Papal claims.
Teresa's foundations, although welcomed by King Philip II of Spain-who was most anxious for all Orders to be reformed according to the principles of the Council of Trent ( 1545 – 1563 )-did create practical problems at grassroots level.
In the 16th century Trento became notable for the Council of Trent ( 1545 – 1563 ) which gave rise to the Counter-Reformation.
Yet, even now, and particularly after the Regensburg Conference had proved in vain, the Emperor did not cease to insist on convening the council, the final result of his insistence being the Council of Trent, which, after several postponements, was finally convoked by the bull Laetare Hierusalem, 15 March 1545.
This debate on the respective roles of contrition and attrition, which had not been settled by the Council of Trent ( 1545 – 1563 ), was one of the motives of the imprisonment in May 1638 of Saint-Cyran, the first leader of Port-Royal, by order of Cardinal Richelieu.
In 1545, the opening of the Council of Trent began the Counter-Reformation, and Charles won to the Catholic cause some of the princes of the Holy Roman Empire.
He became the first bishop in France to implement the institutional reforms prescribed by the Council of Trent between 1545 and 1563.
Council and –
* 769 – The Lateran Council condemned the Council of Hieria and anathematized its iconoclastic rulings.
* 1990 – Gulf War: the United Nations Security Council orders a global trade embargo against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait.
* 1944 – The United States Forest Service and the Wartime Advertising Council release posters featuring Smokey Bear for the first time.
* 1962 – Representatives from the Russian Orthodox Church and Vatican City meet in Metz, France, and come to an agreement wherein the Russian church would send observers to the Second Vatican Council and in exchange, the Roman Catholic Church would refuse to condemn Communism.
* 1974 – Cyprus dispute: The United Nations Security Council authorizes the UNFICYP to create the " Green Line ", dividing Cyprus into two zones.
* Aachen-emotion. com – photos, interviews, stories, audio files and video clips featuring Aachen – presented by Aachen City Council.
In 1934, he was made a member of the Privy Council and served as a member of the League of Nations ( 1934 – 37 ), becoming the President of the League of Nations in 1937.
* 2011 – Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi is overthrown after the National Transitional Council forces take control of Bab al-Azizia compound during the 2011 Libyan civil war.
* 1993 – Sri Lankan politician Lalith Athulathmudali is assassinated while addressing a gathering, approximately 4 weeks ahead of the Provincial Council elections for the Western Province.
ACM is led by a Council consisting of the President, Vice – President, Treasurer, Past President, SIG Governing Board Chair, Publications Board Chair, three representatives of the SIG Governing Board, and seven Members – At – Large.
The Council recognized expert help was required to help shape what the town centre should look like over the next 10 – 15 years and how to make this happen.
On 10 June, the Duke met for the first time the President of the Imperial War Council, Prince Eugene – accompanied by Count Wratislaw – at the village of Mundelsheim, half-way between the Danube and the Rhine.
During Selig's terms as Executive Council Chairman ( from 1992 – 1998 ) and Commissioner, new stadiums have opened in Arizona, Atlanta, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Colorado, Detroit, Houston, Milwaukee, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, San Diego, San Francisco, Seattle, Arlington, St. Louis, Washington, D. C., New York City ( Flushing, Queens and the Bronx ), Minneapolis, and Miami.
In 2007 – 08, Berkeley received media attention due to demonstrations against a Marine Corps recruiting office in downtown Berkeley and a series of controversial motions by Berkeley's City Council regarding opposition to Marine recruiting.
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