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Page "Law enforcement in the People's Republic of China" ¶ 9
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Courts and are
The District Courts, in the framing of equitable decrees, are clothed ' with large discretion to model their judgements to fit the exigencies of the particular case.
But over and beyond the compelling need for a binding precedent decision, I am convinced that the decisions of the Superior Courts which in effect nullify the Secretary's Regulation are not a correct interpretation of the Secretary's power under the Federal law.
Other legal sources are the Rules of the Administrative Courts ( Verwaltungsgerichtsordnung ), the social security code ( Sozialgesetzbuch ) and the general fiscal law ( Abgabenordnung ).
Courts are usually marked for both singles and doubles play, although badminton rules permit a court to be marked for singles only.
Observers point out that many High Courts and certain Supreme Court judges are reluctant to entertain PILs, even those filed by well known Non-Governmental Organizations and activists, citing concerns of balance of powers and the importance of democratic law making.
Magistrates ' Courts are not superior courts of record, but nonetheless have powers granted under the Contempt of Court Act 1981.
The Federal Courts are courts of limited jurisdiction, meaning that they can only exercise the powers that are granted to them by the Constitution and Federal Laws.
In this definition, references to the way or ways in which an offence is triable are to be construed without regard to the effect, if any, of section 22 of the Magistrates ' Courts Act 1980 on the mode of trial in a particular case.
Courts are permanent bodies, with near the same composition for each case.
In Japan, the five types of Courts are present – Supreme Court, High Court, District Court, Family Court and Summary Court.
In England and Wales ( which have the same legal system ), minor criminal cases are heard without a jury in the Magistrates ' Courts.
There are three sources of Law: Acts of Parliament called Statutes, Statutory Regulations ( made by a Secretary of State under an Act of Parliament ) and Case Law ( developed by various Courts ).
Separate from the civil courts are the Syariah Courts, which decide on cases which involve Malaysian Muslims.
Marshall answered that Acts of Congress that conflict with the Constitution are not law and the Courts are bound instead to follow the Constitution, affirming the principle of judicial review.
Further, in 1824, we find it held that " proceedings in our Courts are founded upon the law of England, and that law is again founded upon the law of nature and the revealed law of God.
Courts may consider rulings made in other courts that are of equivalent authority in the legal system.
Courts may choose to obey precedent of international jurisdictions, but this is not an application of the doctrine of stare decisis, because foreign decisions are not binding.
Plea bargains are so common in the Superior Courts of California ( the general trial courts ) that the Judicial Council of California has published an optional seven-page form ( containing all mandatory advisements required by federal and state law ) to help prosecutors and defense attorneys reduce such bargains into written plea agreements.
Like the Siad Barre regime and every Somali administration before it, the Islamic Courts Union and its successor Islamist groups are also proponents of Greater Somalia.
In this definition, references to the way in which an offence is triable are to be construed without regard to the effect, if any, of section 22 of the Magistrates ' Courts Act 1980 on the mode of trial in a particular case.
In Hong Kong, trials for summary offences are heard in one of the territory's Magistrates ' Courts.
Maryland's jury trial courts are called " Circuit Courts " ( non-jury trials are usually conducted by the " District Courts ," whose decisions may be appealed to the Circuit Courts ), and the intermediate appellate court is called the " Court of Special Appeals ".

Courts and by
The public interest is so dominant in such an issue that I cannot be so presumptuous as to attempt to settle it by an administrative order based upon conclusions reached in a summary action in one or two Superior Courts in the State.
Narayanan – AIR India Reporter 1988 Court Page No. 1381 ; 1988 Volume No. 3 SCC Court Cases Page No. 366 ; 1988 PLJR 78 – Although an affidavit may be taken as proof of the facts stated therein, the Courts have no jurisdiction to admit evidence by way of affidavit.
The original 256-page game book was published in 1991 by Phage Press, covering material from the first five novels ( the " Corwin Cycle ") and some details-sorcery and the Logrus-from the remaining five novels ( the " Merlin Cycle "), in order to allow players to roleplay characters from the Courts of Chaos.
; Assaulting an officer of the court: This offence is created by section 14 ( 1 )( b ) of the County Courts Act 1984.
* Leandro Alfonso Luis Ruíz y Moragas ( born 26 April 1929 ), officially recognized by Spanish Courts on 21 May 2003 as Leandro Alfonso Luis de Borbón y Ruíz Moragas
Administrative law, as laid down by the Supreme Court of India, has also recognized two more grounds of judicial review which were recognized but not applied by English Courts viz.
This means that the Justice keeps his or her title, and may serve by assignment on panels of the U. S. Courts of Appeals.
Judicial power is exercised by the judiciary, consisting of the Supreme Federal Court, the Superior Court of Justice and other Superior Courts, the National Justice Council and the regional federal courts.
But, before the 1989 Abbey National Building Society demutualisation, the Courts found against the two year rule after legal action brought by Abbey National itself in order to circumvent the intent of the legislators.
Recent examples of this trend include the conversion of all public transport in the city of Delhi from Diesel engines to CNG engines on the basis of the orders of the Delhi High Court ; the monitoring of forest use by the High Courts and the Supreme Court to ensure that there is no unjustified loss of forest cover ; and the directions mandating the disclosure of assets of electoral candidates for the Houses of Parliament and State Assembly.
Under Section 2 ( c ) of the Contempt of Courts Act of 1971, criminal contempt has been defined as the publication ( whether by words, spoken or written, or by signs, or by visible representation, or otherwise ) of any matter or the doing of any other act whatsoever which:
DADT was upheld by five of the federal Courts of Appeal, The Supreme Court, in Rumsfeld v. Forum for Academic and Institutional Rights, Inc. ( 2006 ), unanimously held that the federal government could constitutionally withhold funding from universities, no matter what their nondiscrimination policies might be, for refusing to give military recruiters access to school resources.
The U. S. Supreme Court, in turn, has appellate jurisdiction ( of a discretionary nature ) over the Courts of Appeals, as well as the state supreme courts, by means of writ of certiorari.
This act also forbade without Parliament's consent, Ship money, fines in destraint of knighthood and forced loans were declared unlawful, monopolies were cut back severely, and the Courts of Star Chamber and High Commission were abolished by the Habeas Corpus Act 1640 and the Triennial Act 1641.
The highest court in the judicial system is the Federal Court, followed by the Court of Appeal, and two High Courts, one for Peninsular Malaysia, and one for East Malaysia.
* S. M. Stirling's Lords of Creation series includes In the Courts of the Crimson Kings, in which Mars ( as well as Venus ) have been terraformed by unknown aliens over the course of hundreds of millions of years and seeded with all kinds of terrestrial life.
The trial by jury was adopted by the Royal Courts, securing it's popularity and making it a bulwark of liberty.

Courts and constitution
In the United States, the power of the federal judiciary to review and invalidate unconstitutional acts of the federal executive branch is stated in the constitution, Article III sections 1 and 2: " The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.
The constitution designates the Supreme Court, the High Courts and the lower courts as the authority to resolve disputes among the people as well as the disputes related to the people and the government.
Courts with judicial review power may annul the laws and rules of the state when it finds them incompatible with a higher norm, such as primary legislation, the provisions of the constitution or international law.
The constitution made no reference to a judiciary but this did not prevent the Dáil from establishing a system of Dáil Courts.
The constitution of New Zealand consists of a collection of statutes ( Acts of Parliament ), Treaties, Orders-in-Council, Letters patent, decisions of the Courts and unwritten constitutional conventions.
They also existed in North American colonies, sometimes known as Courts of General Sessions, and were held in Pennsylvania until the constitution of that Commonwealth was rewritten in 1968 and the courts ' jurisdiction was placed under the pre-existing Courts of Common Pleas in each county, and in New York until a similar reform.
Its creation was ruled in violation of the state constitution by the Nevada District Courts in 1989.
The Punjab Courts Act, XVIII of 1884, which repealed the Punjab Courts Act of 1877, not only touched the question of subordinate courts, their reconstruction, jurisdiction and powers, but also modified and restated the law regarding the constitution, powers and jurisdiction of the Chief Court as well.

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