Covalent binding of disulfiram to the thiol blocks the binding of one of the cysteine residues with iodoacetamide, thereby inactivating the enzyme and significantly lowering catalytic activity.

Covalent bonding is implied in the Lewis structure that indicates sharing of electrons between atoms.

The current president of the Students ' Association for the 2010 – 2011 school year is Leung Tat Hang, Samuel, representing the Covalent cabinet.

Covalent modulation is the alteration of a protein's shape and function by covalent bonding of chemical groups to it.

Covalent modulation is the alteration of a protein's shape and function by covalent bonding of chemical groups to it.

Covalent attachment of chains of ubiquitin, a process called polyubiquitination, marks proteins for rapid degradation in eukaryotic cells by proteasomes, multiprotein cylindrical structures containing numerous proteases

Gilbert N. Lewis, the originator of the Lewis dot structure and discoverer of the Covalent bond, was nominated for the Nobel Prize 35 times and never won once.

Covalent bonds often result in the formation of small collections of better-connected atoms called molecules, which in solids and liquids are bound to other molecules by forces that are often much weaker than the covalent bonds that hold the molecules internally together.

Covalent bonding includes many kinds of interaction, including σ-bonding, π-bonding, agostic interactions, and three-center two-electron bonds.

Covalent bonds hold the atoms in the polymer molecules together and secondary bonds then hold groups of polymer chains together to form the polymeric material.

* Covalent hydrides, which include the hydrocarbons and many other compounds which covalently bond to hydrogen atoms.

Covalent bonds form between atoms by sharing electrons in their outermost electron shells, in such a way as to give the effect of filling those incomplete shells.

For more recent data on covalent radii see Covalent radius.

Reversible Covalent Modification.

A deed poll ( plural: deeds poll ) is a legal document binding only to a single person or several persons acting jointly to express an active intention.

With its four arms attached with a combination of different active agents, for example, iRNA ( for gene silencing ), microRNA ( for gene expression regulation ), aptamer ( for targeting ) and ribozyme ( as catalyst ), the X-shaped RNA can achieve therapeutic and diagnostic functions by regulating gene expression and cellular function, and binding to cancer cells with precision, enhanced by its polyvalent nature and synergistic effects by design.

Such changes are often induced by the binding of a substrate molecule to an enzyme's active site, or the physical region of the protein that participates in chemical catalysis.

Each end of the core particle associates with a 19S regulatory subunit that contains multiple ATPase active sites and ubiquitin binding sites ; it is this structure that recognizes polyubiquitinated proteins and transfers them to the catalytic core.

They also regulate the activity state of adaptor proteins and other tyrosine kinases and are thought to increase the substrate specificity of some tyrosine kinases by binding far away from the active site of the kinase.

* ligand binding – Not only is ligand binding able to influence where a transcription factor is located within a cell but ligand binding can also affect whether the transcription factor is in an active state and capable of binding DNA or other cofactors ( see, for example, nuclear receptors ).

The structural similarity between β-lactam antibiotics and-alanyl -- alanine facilitates their binding to the active site of PBPs.

The S < sub > P </ sub > form ( shown ) is the more active enantiomer due to its greater binding to acetylcholinesterase.

When chymosin is not binding substrate, a beta-hairpin, sometimes referred to as " the flap ," can hydrogen bond with the active site, therefore covering it and not allowing further binding of substrate.

The active site is situated in the N-terminal half of the sequence, which includes a conserved Pro-Trp dipeptide ; the tryptophan has been shown to be involved in the binding of substrate by the enzyme.

In biochemistry, allosteric regulation is the regulation of an enzyme or other protein by binding an effector molecule at the protein's allosteric site ( that is, a site other than the protein's active site ).

The model further holds that, in the absence of any ligand ( substrate or otherwise ), the equilibrium favours one of the conformational states, T or R. The equilibrium can be shifted to the R or T state through the binding of one ligand ( the allosteric effector or ligand ) to a site that is different from the active site ( the allosteric site ).

The binding of oxygen to one subunit induces a conformational change in that subunit that interacts with the remaining active sites to enhance their oxygen affinity.

Negative allosteric modulation ( also known as allosteric inhibition ) occurs when the binding of one ligand decreases the affinity for substrate at other active sites.

Allosteric modulation of a receptor results from the binding of allosteric modulators at a different site ( a " regulatory site ") from that of the endogenous ligand ( an " active site ") and enhances or inhibits the effects of the endogenous ligand.

For example, the GABA < sub > A </ sub > receptor has two active sites that the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) binds, but also has benzodiazepine and general anaesthetic agent regulatory binding sites.

Lys-680 is involved in binding the pyridoxal phosphate, which is the active form of vitamin B < sub > 6 </ sub >, a cofactor required by myophosphorylase.

Azide binding and active site dynamics of position-82 variants of ferricytochrome c. Inorg.

– S / M – sacred prostitution – Marquis de Sade – sadism – sadist – sadomasochism – sadomasochistic sacrifice – safe sex – safe, sane and consensual – safer sex – safeword – saliromania – salirophilia – salpingectomy – salpingitis – same-sex marriage – same-sex partnership – sanitary napkin – sanitary pad – sanitary towel – sanky-panky – sapphic – sapphism – saptha padhi – Sarcoptes scabiei – satan worship – satyr – satyriasis – saucy seaside postcard-sausage party – scabies – scarfing – scarification – scat – scatology – scatophilia – scene ( BDSM ) – scopophilia – scoptolagnia – scoptophilia – scratching ( sexology ) – Screw magazine – scrotal inflation – scrotal infusion – scrotal piercing – scrotal stretching – scrotum – scuba fetishism – second skin – secondary sex characteristic – secondary virginity – secret vice – secular law – seduction – see-through clothing – self-abuse – self-bondage – self-isolation – semen – semen allergy – semen swapping – semen-loss anxiety – semen-loss syndrome – semeniferous tubules – seminal colliculus – seminal plasma – seminal plasma hypersensitivity – seminal vesicle – seminiferous tubules – sensate focus – sensate focus exercises – sensate focusing – sensation play ( BDSM ) – sensory compensation – sensory deprivation – sensory enhancement – sensory overload – sensuality – separatist feminism – septa of testis – septum of the penis – seraglio – serendipitous – serial killing – serial monogamy – seronegative – seropositive – serosorting – serotonin – serous tumor – Sertoli cell – Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor – service-oriented – session wrestler – seven-year itch – sex – sex act – sex addict – sex addiction – sex adjunctive – sex adventitious – sex aid – sex allergy – sex assignment – sex boutique – sex change – sex chromatin – sex client – sex club – sex coaching – sex compulsion – sex cord-stromal tumor – sex crime – sex derivative – sex diet – sex doll – sex drive – sex education – sex flush – sex game – sex hormone – sex hormone binding globulin – sex hotel – sex hotline – sex industry-sex in space – sex irreducible – sex machine – sex magic – sex magick – sex manual – sex museum – sex nexus – sex object – sex of rearing – sex offender – sex parties – sex position – sex reassignment ( disambiguation ) – sex reassignment surgery – sex reassignment surgery female-to-male – sex reassignment surgery male-to-female – sex restaurant – sex ring – sex role – sex scandal – sex shop – sex show – sex steroid – sex strike – sex surrogate – sex symbol – sex tape – sex therapist – sex therapy – sex tourism – sex toy – sex traffic – sex trafficking – sex urge – sex with your ex – sex worker – sex-contact magazine – sex-determining system – sex-hormone therapy – sex-positive – sex-positive feminism – Sexaholics Anonymous – sexercise – sexism – sexless marriage – Sexmuseum – sexological education – sexologist – sexology – sexosophy – sexploitation – sexsomnia-sexting – sexual aberration – sexual abstinence – sexual abuse – sexual acronyms – sexual act – sexual activities – sexual addiction – sexual anatomy – sexual anomalies – sexual arousal – sexual assault – sexual attraction – sexual availability – Sexual Behavior in the Human Female – Sexual Behavior in the Human Male – sexual bondage – sexual characteristics ( disambiguation ) – sexual child abuse – sexual compulsion – Sexual Compulsives Anonymous – sexual confidence – sexual congress – sexual continence – sexual desire – sexual development – sexual deviancy -- sexual deviant – sexual deviation – sexual differentiation – sexual dimorphism – sexual dissatisfaction – sexual drive – sexual dysfunction – sexual equality – sexual ethics – sexual ethnology – sexual exploitation – sexual fantasy – sexual fetish – sexual fetishism – sexual fetishist – sexual fidelity – sexual flush – Sexual Freedom Coalition – sexual frequency – sexual frustration – sexual game – sexual harassment – sexual health – sexual health clinic – sexual history – sexual inadequacy – sexual identity – sexual intercourse – sexual intimacy – sexual inversion – sexual jealousy – sexual liberation – sexual lubricant – sexual malfunction – sexual maturation – sexual maturity – sexual medicine – sexual misconduct – sexual morality – sexual mores – sexual network – sexual norm – sexual orientation – Sexual orientation and Wicca – Sexual orientation change efforts – Sexual Identity Therapy – sexual outlet – sexual partner – sexual perversion – sexual perversity – sexual politics – sexual predator – sexual problem – sexual prop – sexual prowess – sexual reassignment surgery – sexual rehearsal play – sexual revolution – sexual ritual – sexual roleplaying – sexual sadism – sexual script – sexual slang – sexual slavery – sexual stimulation – sexual surrogate – sexual tension – sexual trophy – sexual violence – sexuality – sexuality education – sexuality in older age – Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States – obsessive-compulsive disorder and sexuality – sexually active – sexually dimorphic nucleus – sexually transmissible disease – sexually transmitted disease – sexually violent predator – sexuoerotic – sexuoerotic tragedy – sexuoerotic body image fixation – sexuoeroticism – shaving ( sexology ) – shemale – shidduch – shim-pua marriage – shocker ( hand gesture ) – shoe dangling – shoe fetishism – shotacon – shotgun wedding – showers ( sexology ) – shunga – shyness – side entry missionary position – siderodromophilia – SIECUS – sigheh – significant other – Volkmar Sigusch – sildenafil citrate – Silver Ring Thing – Sin City ( description ) – sindoor – single – single mother – single parent – single status affidavit – singles bar – sinus ( disambiguation ) – sissy – sissy boy – sitophilia – situational child molester – situational sexual behaviour – sixty-nine – size queen – Skene's ducts – Skene's gland – Skene's glands – Skoptzy – slap and tickle-slapper – slapping ( BDSM ) – slave ( BDSM ) – sleep sex – sleeping princess syndrome – sleeping together – sleepsex – sling – sloppy seconds – slut – smegma – smoking fetishism – smotherbox – snapping pussy – snowballing – soapland – social distancing – social host liability-social vice – Society for Human Sexuality – Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality – sociobiological theories of rape – sodomy – sodomy law – soft butch – soft chancre – softcore pornography – soggy biscuit – soiree-soixante-neuf – solicitation – soliciting – solitary vice – sologamy – solosexuality – somatic – somatotropin – somesthetic – somnophilia – sororal polygyny – sororate marriage – sounding – spandex fetishism – spanking – Spartan pederasty – spay – spectrophilia – speculum – speed dating – sperm – sperm bank – sperm competition – sperm count – sperm donation – sperm donor – sperm motility – sperm sample – spermatic cord – spermatic duct – spermatid – spermatidogenesis – spermatocele – spermatocyte – spermatocytogenesis – spermatogenesis – spermatogonium – spermatophobia – spermatophore – spermatorrhea – spermatozoa – spermatozoon – spermicide – spermiogenesis – sphincter – spinnbarkeit – spinster – spin the bottle-spiritual marriage – spiritual wifery – spit roast ( sex ) – spitting fetishism – splanchnic nerves – splash conception – split beaver – splitting – sploshing – spoiled orgasm – spongy urethra – spoons position – spousal abuse – spreadeagle – squashing of the deckchair position – squeeze technique – stag party – stalking – standing sex position – stapling ( sexology ) – statutory rape – STD – STD clinic – STD testing – steatopygia – stem pessary – stereocilia ( epididymis ) – sterility – human sterilization ( surgical procedure ) – steroid hormones – STI – stigmatic / eligibilic paraphilia – stigmatophilia – stimulus-response theory – Stockholm syndrome – stocking fetishism – Stonewall riots – stop and go exercises – stop-start technique – Marie Stopes – Story of O – strangling ( sexology ) – strangulation – strap-on dildo – Street Offences Act 1959 – street prostitution – streetwalker – stretching ( sexology ) – string bondage – strip poker – strip pub – strip search – stripping – stripping fetishism – striptease – stroma of ovary – stuffing ( fetish ) – stuffing ( sexology ) – subbing – subcutaneous tissue of penis – subfertility – subincision – sublimation – subliminal tape – submission – submission ( BDSM ) – submissive ( BDSM ) – subpersonality – succubus – sugar daddy – supernumerary nipple – support group – surface epithelial-stromal tumor – surgical fetishism – surrendered wife – surrogate mother – suspension – suspensory ligament of the ovary – suspensory ligament of the penis – suttee – suturing ( sexology ) – swara – swayamvara – sweetheart – sweetheart scam – swimsuit fetishism – swing ( sexology ) – swing club – swinger – swinging – swinging both ways – swish – switch ( BDSM ) – switch ( sexuality ) – sworn virgin – Swyer syndrome – Sybian – sympathetic nervous system – symphorophilia – symphysis pubis dysfunction – symptothermal method – synechial membrane – syphilis –

The active ingredient, nicarbazin, interferes with the viability of eggs by binding the ZP-3 sperm receptor site in the egg.

The direct thrombin inhibitors, a newer class of medication, directly inhibit thrombin by binding to its active site.

In a June 2008 issue of the journal Autoimmunity Reviews, researchers S Planque, Sudhir Paul, Ph. D, and Yasuhiro Nishiyama, Ph. D of the University Of Texas Medical School at Houston announced that they have engineered an abzyme that degrades the superantigenic region of the gp120 CD4 binding site.

* Immunoglobulin binding protein-These proteins are capable of binding to antibodies at positions outside of the antigen-binding site.

During withdrawal, fluoroquinolone-based antibiotics are best avoided if possible ; they displace benzodiazepines from their binding site and reduce GABA function and, thus, may aggravate withdrawal symptoms.

These play a dual role of a site of recognition by many proteins and as a sink for torsional stress from RNA polymerase or nucleosome binding.

Minor groove is a binding site for the dye Hoechst stain | Hoechst 33258.

These voids are adjacent to the base pairs and may provide a binding site.

Since this loop constitutes the " lid " that covers the top of the ligand binding site, this conformational difference highlights the difficulties in constructing homology models of other GPCRs based only on the rhodopsin structure.

< http :// www. chm. bris. ac. uk / motm / hemoglobin / hemoglobjm. htm >.</ ref > The iron ion, which is the site of oxygen binding, coordinates with the four nitrogens in the center of the ring, which all lie in one plane.

CO competes with oxygen at the heme binding site.

Carbon dioxide occupies a different binding site on the hemoglobin.

O protein binds the ori site, and P protein binds the DnaB subunit of the host replication machinery as well as binding O.

N ; ( aNtiterminator ) RNA binding protein and RNA polymerase cofactor, binds RNA ( at Nut sites ) and transfers onto the nascent RNApol that just transcribed the nut site.

Macrolide antibiotics do so by binding reversibly to the P site on the subunit 50S of the bacterial ribosome.

These are due to the formation of two types of DNA binding sites within the octamer ; the α1α1 site, which uses the α1 helix from two adjacent histones, and the L1L2 site formed by the L1 and L2 loops.

The region of the protein responsible for binding another molecule is known as the binding site and is often a depression or " pocket " on the molecular surface.

This binding ability is mediated by the tertiary structure of the protein, which defines the binding site pocket, and by the chemical properties of the surrounding amino acids ' side chains.

Many receptors have a binding site exposed on the cell surface and an effector domain within the cell, which may have enzymatic activity or may undergo a conformational change detected by other proteins within the cell.

Potassium-competitive inhibitors are experimental drugs that reversibly block the potassium binding site of the proton pump.

Promoters contain specific DNA sequences and response elements that provide a secure initial binding site for RNA polymerase and for proteins called transcription factors that recruit RNA polymerase.

; In bacteria: The promoter is recognized by RNA polymerase and an associated sigma factor, which in turn are often brought to the promoter DNA by an activator protein's binding to its own DNA binding site nearby.