To prevent the Church from becoming independent of the state, Dudley was against Cranmer's reform of canon law.

Archbishop Cranmer's sentence took statutory form as the Act of Succession, the Dispensations Act reiterated royal supremacy, and the Act for the Submission of the Clergy incorporated into law the clergy's surrender in 1532.

He became the unofficial leader of the ' choir ' a group of about fifty members of the House of Common which G R Elton saw as the first semi official opposition in Parliament In religion he was inspired by the sentiments of his father-in-law, and was in possession of Cranmer's manuscript code of ecclesiastical law ; this he permitted John Foxe to publish in 1571.

The Preface to this edition, which contained Cranmer's explanation as to why a new prayer book was necessary, began: " There was never any thing by the wit of man so well devised, or so sure established, which in continuance of time hath not been corrupted.

Cranmer's work of simplification and revision was also applied to the Daily Offices, which were to become Morning, and Evening Prayer ; and which he hoped would also serve as a daily form of prayer to be used by the Laity, thus replacing both the late medieval lay observation of the Latin Hours of the Virgin, and its English equivalent, the Primer.

Among Cranmer's innovations, retained in the new book was the requirement of weekly communion.

As in England, while many prayers were retained the structure of the Communion service was altered: a Prayer of Oblation was added to the Eucharistic prayer after the ' words of institution ', thus reflecting the rejection of Cranmer's theology in liturgical developments across the Anglican Communion.

During Cranmer's tenure as Archbishop of Canterbury, he was responsible for establishing the first doctrinal and liturgical structures of the reformed Church of England.

Cranmer's death was immortalised in John Foxe's Book of Martyrs and his legacy lives on within the Church of England through the Book of Common Prayer and the Thirty-Nine Articles, an Anglican statement of faith derived from his work.

Upon Cranmer's return from Spain, in June 1527, he was given a personal half-hour long interview with the king, whom he described as " the kindest of princes ".

Cranmer's consecration as a bishop took place in March 1533, and, a week later, Fisher was arrested.

Hooper refused to be swayed, and was imprisoned in the Tower of London until he accepted Cranmer's demand.

The Book of Common Prayer introduced by Charles II was substantially the same as Elizabeth's version of 1559, itself based on Cranmer's earlier versions of 1549 and 1552.

It has also been termed less accurately Cranmer's Bible, since Thomas Cranmer was not responsible for the translation, and his preface first appeared in the second edition.

In Cranmer's design, each canticle was preceded by a reading from scripture.

The new version of the prayer book was substantially the same as Cranmer's earlier versions.

On his return Foxe was elected Provost of King's College, and in August 1529 was the means of conveying to the king Thomas Cranmer's historic advice that he should apply to the universities of Europe rather than to the pope.

Whoever wrote the Eikon Basilike, its author was an effective prose stylist, one who had partaken deeply of the solemn yet simple eloquence of Anglican piety as expressed in Cranmer's Book of Common Prayer.

Martin Bucer, who influenced Thomas Cranmer's writing of the Book of Common Prayer, was buried there.

During Cranmer's investigations, he came across rumours of an affair between the Queen and Culpeper ; Culpeper was soon arrested for questioning.

The war of the league of Schmalkalden interfered with this work, and also prevented the payment of Sleidanus, who in his difficulties applied to England for aid, and at Cranmer's intercession received a yearly pension from Edward VI, which, however, was never paid out.

A version of Cranmer's Great Bible can be found included in the English Hexapla, produced by Samuel Baxter & Sons in 1841.

Because of this publication, his persistent nonconformism, and violations of the terms of his house arrest, Hooper was placed in Thomas Cranmer's custody at Lambeth Palace for two weeks by the Privy Council on January 13, 1551.

The first Stranger Church to be set up in England was that led by the Italian reformer, Bernardino Ochino in 1547 ( Cranmer's permission coming in January 1548 ).

Judge Cranmer's records for the convention were lost during the flood of 1884 of Wheeling Island.

Cranmer's Prayer book of 1549.

Diarmaid MacCulloch suggests that Cranmer's own Eucharistic theology in these years approximated most closely to that of Heinrich Bullinger ; but that he intended the Prayer Book to be acceptable to the widest range of Reformed Eucharistic belief, including the high sacramental theology of Bucer and John Calvin.

By such subtle means were Cranmer's purposes further confused, leaving it for generations to argue over the precise theology of the rite.

Its liturgy, from the first, combined the free use of Cranmer's language with an adherence to the principles of congregational participation and the centrality of the Eucharist, much in line with the Liturgical Movement.

For example, the Act of Uniformity 1549 prescribed Protestant rites for church services, such as the use of Thomas Cranmer's new Book of Common Prayer.

Henry VIII of England | Henry VIII recognised Cranmer's value in obtaining support for the annulment of his marriage with Catherine of Aragon.

When Cranmer's promotion became known in London, it caused great surprise as Cranmer had previously held only minor positions in the Church.

He accepted Archbishop Thomas Cranmer's invitation to come to England ; from his correspondence with several notable Englishmen, he believed that the English Reformation had advanced with some success.

Some Anglo-Catholics use the Anglican Breviary, an adaptation of the Pre-Vatican II Roman Rite and the Sarum Rite in the style of Cranmer's original Book of Common Prayer, along with supplemental material from other western sources, including a common of Octaves, a common of Holy Women, and other material.

At first it was employed as a respectful title for any monk, but it was soon restricted by canon law to certain priestly superiors.

The power of the abbot was paternal but absolute, limited, however, by the canon law.

Once he has received this blessing, the abbot not only becomes father of his monks in a spiritual sense, but their major superior under canon law, and has the additional authority to confer the ministries of acolyte and lector ( formerly, he could confer the minor orders, which are not sacraments, that these ministries have replaced ).

Constantine I ( emperor ) | Constantine burning Arian books, illustration from a compendium of canon law, ca.

Abbesses are, like abbots, major superiors according to canon law, the equivalents of abbots or bishops ( the ordained male members of the church hierarchy who have, by right of their own office, executive jurisdiction over a building, diocesan territory, or a communal or non-communal group of persons — juridical entities under church law ).

They receive the vows of the nuns of the abbey ; they may admit candidates to their order's novitiate ; they may send them to study ; and they may send them to do pastoral and / or missionary work and / or assist — to the extent allowed by canon and civil law — in the administration and ministry of a parish or diocese ( these activities could be inside or outside the community's territory ).

As they do not receive Holy Orders in the Catholic, Orthodox and Oriental Churches, they do not possess the ability to ordain any religious to Holy Orders, or even admit their members to the non-ordained ministries to which they can be installed by the ordained clergy ( females do not serve as clergy anyway, per formal church teaching, in these churches ), nor do they exercise the authority they do possess under canon law over any territories outside of their monastery and its territory ( though non-cloistered, non-contemplative female religious members who are based in a convent or monastery but who participate in external affairs may assist as needed by the diocesan bishop and local secular clergy and laity, in certain pastoral ministries and administrative and non-administrative functions not requiring ordained ministry or status as a male cleric in those churches or programs ).

He studied theology and canon law, and after acting as parish priest in his native diocese for twelve years was sent by the pope to Canada as a bishop's chaplain.

In the list of popes given in the Holy See's annual directory, Annuario Pontificio, the following note is attached to the name of Pope Leo VIII ( 963 – 965 ): At this point, as again in the mid-eleventh century, we come across elections in which problems of harmonising historical criteria and those of theology and canon law make it impossible to decide clearly which side possessed the legitimacy whose factual existence guarantees the unbroken lawful succession of the successors of Saint Peter.

Sylvester III, sometimes listed as an antipope, appears in the Holy See's Annuario Pontificio as a pope: because of obscurities about mid-11th-century canon law and the historical facts, it expresses no judgement on his legitimacy.

* Affinity ( canon law ), a kinship arising from the sexual intercourse of a man and a woman

Under modern canon law, a man who is appointed a cardinal must accept ordination as a bishop, unless he already is one, or seek special permission from the pope to decline such ordination.

Later, the term was widely used in canon law for an important determination, especially a decree issued by the Pope, now referred to as an apostolic constitution.

Often, they were clerics trained in the Roman canon law.

In various historical and present-day societies, institutionalized religions have established systems of earthly justice that punish crimes against the divine will and against specific devotional, organizational and other rules under specific codes, such as Roman Catholic canon law.

Cardinals have in canon law a " privilege of forum " ( i. e., exemption from being judged by ecclesiastical tribunals of ordinary rank ): only the pope is competent to judge them in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction ( cases that refer to matters that are spiritual or linked with the spiritual, or with regard to infringement of ecclesiastical laws and whatever contains an element of sin, where culpability must be determined and the appropriate ecclesiastical penalty imposed ).

In all three traditions, a canon was originally a rule adopted by a council ; these canons formed the foundation of canon law.

Image of pages from the Decretum of Burchard of Worms, the 11th-century book of canon law.

The canon law of the Eastern Catholic Churches, which had developed some different disciplines and practices, underwent its own process of codification, resulting in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches promulgated in 1990 by Pope John Paul II.

The institutions and practices of canon law paralleled the legal development of much of Europe, and consequently both modern civil law and common law bear the influences of canon law.