Early archaeologists like Ferdinand Keller thought they formed artificial islands, much like the Scottish Crannogs, but today it is clear that the majority of settlements was located on the shores of lakes and were only inundated later on.

Early archaeologists like Ferdinand Keller thought they formed artificial islands, much like the Scottish Crannogs, but today it is clear that the majority of settlements were located on the shores of lakes and were only inundated later on.

The remains of Iron Age Crannogs were found in Bishop Loch, dating from around 700 BC by an archaeological dig in 1898.

The Crannogs of Loch Tay, artificially created islands of which there are 18 in the Loch, are thought to have originated before 2000 BC, though they continued to be built and used as dwellings and refuges into the Middle Ages.

The Crannogs not only afforded excellent protection against unruly neighbours but protected the ancient Celts from the wild animals ( wolves, lynxes and bears ) that once inhabited Scotland.

These include Neolithic Standing stones and Stone Circles, Bronze Age settlements, Iron Age Brochs and Crannogs, Pictish stones, Roman forts and camps, Viking settlements, Mediaeval castles, and early Christian settlements.

Crannogs have been variously interpreted as free-standing wooden structures, as at Loch Tay, although more commonly they exist as brush, stone or timber mounds which can be revetted with timber piles.

Crannogs are widespread in Ireland with an estimated 1, 200 examples while Scotland " officially " contains 347 sites listed as such.

In ancient times ( in the Iron Age ) people lived on defensible, man-made islands on the loch, called Crannogs.

Crannogs are traditionally interpreted as being simple farmsteads in prehistory.

* Channel4. com, Time Team on Crannogs.

* Robert Munro-Ancient Scottish Lake Dwellings or Crannogs.

* Lagore, Co. meath and Ballinderry No. 1, County Westmeath Crannogs: some possible structural reinterpretations, C. J.

Evidence of ancient dwellers in the area have been found throughout the years, including the remains of Crannogs and Souterrains.

Then, with staring eyes and lips drawn thin, Miriam said to the young woman, `` You are ugly -- uglier than you used to be, and you were always very ugly.

Actually, two flags were used at the mansion -- a small one on rainy days, and a big one on bright days.

In the next few months of comparative silence, Pike waited patiently until conditions were perfect for a new attack, and then, displaying a remarkable grasp of the subtleties of political infighting, gained from his first bout with Woodruff, he used these changed conditions to excellent advantage.

It was a word he was proud of, a word that meant much to him, and he used it with great pleasure, almost as if it were an exclusive possession, and more: he sensed himself to be very highly educated, four cuts above any of the folks back home.

`` We were on our vacation in Canada '', Howard explained, in a muffled voice that must have been used to booming, `` and the news didn't catch up with us till we were nearly home.

Ballets were used in opera from its beginning.

Visual and operable training aids developed by the Medical Illustration Service, were used in support of Army Medical Service mass casualty exercises.

In 1959, according to the Engineers, Lake Texoma was only one of thirty-two artificial lakes and reservoirs which were used for recreation by over 1,000,000 persons.

Previously, FN actions were used for the larger cartridges.

Opaque cantaloupe and transparent wood brown were used.

Stainless steel screws were used to minimize corrosion stains.

A system had to be used which did not depend upon the feeding of the fluid into the manometer if measurements of the normal pressure were to be made in a reasonable time.

These cells were used rather than square Pyrex tubing because of the tendency of the latter to shatter when thawing frozen carbon tetrachloride.

Two types of light source were used, a thousand watt projection lamp and an AH6 high pressure mercury arc.

Three of the anti-Rh sera used were taken from recently sensitized individuals.

In several instances group O cells were also used as controls.

The red cells were used within 2 days after donation and were washed with large amounts of saline before use.

Homozygous and heterozygous Af cells, Af and homozygous and heterozygous Af cells were used to test each sample ; ;

The saline tubes were saved and used for the indirect Coombs test in the following manner.

The anti-human sera used were prepared by injecting whole human serum into rabbits.

The red cells for the Rh antibody tests were used within 3 days after drawing except for the Af cells, which had been glycerolized and stored at -20-degrees-C for approximately 1 year.

A flow rate of 72 Af was used and 12 ml fractions were collected.

When paper electrophoresis was to be used for preparation, eight strips of a whole serum sample or a chromatographic fraction concentrated by negative pressure dialysis were run/chamber under the conditions described above.

Throughout the southwest Ancient Puebloan region and at Mesa Verde, the best known site for these large number of well preserved cliff dwellings, housing, defensive and storage complexes were built in shallow caves and under rock overhangs along canyon walls.

Non-religious buildings such as dwellings were constructed of perishable materials such as wood, and so have not survived.

If not " true " crannogs, small occupied islets ( often at least partially artificial in nature ) may be referred to as island duns, although rather confusingly, 22 islet-based sites are classified as ' proper ' crannogs due to the different interpretations of the inspectors or excavators who drew up field reports Canmore search for crannog in the Western Isles Hebridean island dwellings or crannogs were commonly built on both natural and artificial islets, usually reached by means of a stone causeway.

Tuberculosis ( spread in congested dwellings ), lung diseases from the mines, cholera from polluted water and typhoid were also common.

The settlement grew into a group of shacks built mostly with wreckage from the Amaranth ( lumber from which was also used by the young Hawaiian colonists to build surfboards ), but later, stone and wood dwellings were built and equipped with refrigeration, radio equipment, and a weather station.

At Jericho, circular dwellings were built of clay and straw bricks left to dry in the sun, which were plastered together with a mud mortar.

During the 6th – 5th millennium BC, various animals were domesticated, dwellings became more sophisticated and could shelter larger families.

The dwellings were made of a combination of tree trunks for the basic structure, mud-clad wickerwork walls, and roofs of thatched reeds or straw.

In 23 air raids 6200 dwellings were completely or partly destroyed.

The main differences were that it was levied on capital value rather than notional rental value of a property, and that it had a 25 % discount for single-occupancy dwellings.

" Semayne's Case acknowledged that the King did not have unbridled authority to intrude on his subjects ' dwellings but recognized that government agents were permitted to conduct searches and seizures under certain conditions when their purpose was lawful and a warrant had been obtained.

Large houses were turned into flats and tenements, and as landlords failed to maintain these dwellings slum housing developed.

By the 4th century, villa could simply connote an agricultural holding: Jerome translated the Gospel of Mark ( xiv, 32 ) chorion, describing the olive grove of Gethsemane, with villa, without an inference that there were any dwellings there at all ( Catholic Encyclopedia " Gethsemane ").

Hard-pressed peasants and vagrants were then induced into military service with benefits of exemption from both taxation and corvée labor service, as well as provisions for farmland and dwellings for dependents who accompanied soldiers on the frontier.

The cave dwellings of the early inhabitants of Provence were regularly inundated by the rising sea or left far from the sea and swept away by erosion.

Sections of the " Stadtring " Bundesautobahn 100 inner-city motorway were opened, while a major housing programme was carried out, with roughly 20, 000 new dwellings built each year during his time in office.

The matrilineal culture meant that women controlled property, such as their dwellings, and their children were considered born into their mother's clan, where they gained hereditary status.

Many dwellings were designed to house a specific family-type and lifestyle.

" Several notable archaeological sites contain dwellings and other evidence of daily life 1400 years ago ; these were found preserved beneath 6 m ( 20 ft ) of volcanic ash.

The dwellings of that region were inhabited by the Ancient Pueblo Peoples ( Anasazi ), and a long drought in the area in the late 13th century may have caused them to move to the Rio Grande where the water supply was more dependable.

Siraya villages were constructed of dwellings made of thatch and bamboo, raised 2 m from the ground on stilts, with each household having a barn for livestock.

From Iceland, Greenland was also colonized, and voyages were even made to North America, where remains of Viking dwellings have been found in Newfoundland.

Elements of more modern Evenk culture, including conical tent dwellings, bone fish-lures, and birch-bark boats, were all present in sites that are believed to be Neolithic.