This " institutional definition of art " ( see also Institutional Critique ) has been championed by George Dickie.

* Kant, Immanuel ( 1790 ), Critique of Judgement, Translated by Werner S. Pluhar, Hackett Publishing Co., 1987.

* Critique of Pure Reason, 1781 philosophical work by Immanuel Kant

Ignored by many in " critical realist " circles, however, is that Kant's immediate impetus for writing his " Critique of Pure Reason " was to address problems raised by David Hume's skeptical empiricism which, in attacking metaphysics, employed reason and logic to argue against the knowability of the world and common notions of causation.

Ultimately this emphasis on production and construction goes back to the revolution wrought by Kant in philosophy, namely his focus in the Critique of Pure Reason on synthesis according to rules as the fundamental activity of the mind that creates the order of our experience.

* The Socialist Calculation Debate and the Austrian Critique of Central Economic Planning by Andrew Chamberlain

* Information and Economics: A Critique of Hayek by Allin F. Cottrell and W. Paul Cockshott

* Critique of Pagel's article by Father Paul Mankowski

* Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason with an historical introduction by Ludwig Noiré, available at

In the Critique Sartre set out to give Marxism a more vigorous intellectual defense than it had received until then ; he ended by concluding that Marx's notion of " class " as an objective entity was fallacious.

* Sartre ’ s Critique of Dialectical Reason essay by Andy Blunden

Given that premise, the notion of absolute knowledge ( as described by Plato and the rationalists ) is seen as mere illusion, and this is what he set out to demonstrate in the first part of his magnum opus " The Critique of Pure Reason " ( 1781 ).

Our understanding of the phenomenal world is inevitably “ colored ” by the imperfections, or restrictions, of the knowing apparatus, and this is what he set out to describe in the first part of the 1st Critique.

* A Scriptural Critique of Infant Baptism by Pastor John MacArthur

* Critique of sedevacantism by the SSPX

* 1781: Critique of Pure Reason by Immanuel Kant ( publication of first edition )

* 1788: Critique of Practical Reason by Immanuel Kant

2, p. 114 ; in a lecture by Professor Gwen Griffith-Dickson ; and in John Y. Fenton, " Mystical Experience as a Bridge for Cross-Cultural Philosophy of Religion: A Critique ," Journal of the American Academy of Religion 1981, p. 55.

The New York Critique wrote, " He is an orator by divine right, and his strong, intelligent face in its picturesque setting of yellow and orange was hardly less interesting than those earnest words, and the rich, rhythmical utterance he gave them.

The concept of dialectics was given new life by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel ( following Fichte ), whose dialectically dynamic model of nature and of history made it, as it were, a fundamental aspect of the nature of reality ( instead of regarding the contradictions into which dialectics leads as a sign of the sterility of the dialectical method, as Immanuel Kant tended to do in his Critique of Pure Reason ).

In his Critique of Pure Reason, Kant distinguished between " phenomena " ( objects as interpreted by human sensibility and understanding ), and " noumena " ( objects as things-in-themselves, which humans cannot directly experience ).

* Immanuel Kant ( 1724 – 1804 ), in the Critique of Pure Reason, distinguished between objects as phenomena, which are objects as shaped and grasped by human sensibility and understanding, and objects as things-in-themselves or noumena, which do not appear to us in space and time and about which we can make no legitimate judgments.

* The Critique of Pure Reason by Immanuel Kant

Teleology was explored by Plato and Aristotle, by Saint Anselm around 1000 AD, and later by Immanuel Kant in his Critique of Judgment.

* La Nouvelle Critique, numéro spécial Arthur Adamov, août-septembre 1973.

In 1979, Peters and Arthur Donner wrote a book titled " The Monetarist Counter-revolution: A Critique of Canadian Monetary Policy, 1975-1979.

" The Death of the Author as Cultural Critique in London Fields " in Ricardo Miguel-Alfonso.

These first elements of the Calculation Critique of Socialism are the most basic element: economic calculation requires the use of money across all goods.

In 1859 Marx published Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy, his first serious economic work.

While in Manchester, Engels wrote his first economic work called " Outline of a Critique of Political Economy ", written between October and November 1843.

Kant named his branch of epistemology Transcendental Idealism, and he first laid out these views in his famous work The Critique of Pure Reason.

Similar to Lenin's use of it, left communists, coming from the Communist International themselves started in fact with a theory of decadence in the first place, yet the communist left sees the theory of decadence at the heart of Marx's method as well, expressed in famous works such as The Communist Manifesto, Grundrisse, Das Kapital but most significantly in Preface to the Critique of Political Economy.

Critique of Dialectical Reason () is a 1960 book by Jean-Paul Sartre that further develops the Existentialist Marxism Sartre first expounded in his 1957 essay Search for a Method.

Sartre's second large-scale philosophical treatise, his 1943 work Being and Nothingness having been the first, Critique of Dialectical Reason has been seen as an abandonment of Sartre's original Existentialism.

The first volume of Capital and Interest, titled History and Critique of Interest Theories ( 1884 ), is an exhaustive survey of the alternative treatments of the phenomenon of interest: use theories, productivity theories, abstinence theories, and many more.

The first of three volumes of Das Kapital, Kritik der politischen Ökonomie ( Capital: Critique of Political Economy ) was published on 14 September 1867, and was the sole volume published in Marx ’ s lifetime.

The first translated publication of Capital: Critique of Political Economy was in Imperial Russia, in March 1872.

The first of his nine books, Zen: A Rational Critique ( 1961 ) was based on his doctoral dissertation.

The theory of commodity fetishism is presented in the first chapter of Capital: Critique of Political Economy ( 1867 ), at the conclusion of the analysis of the value-form of commodities, to explain that the social organisation of labour is mediated through market exchange, the buying and the selling of commodities ( goods and services ).

Since the 19th century, when Karl Marx presented the theory of commodity fetishism, in Section 4, " The Fetishism of Commodities and the Secret thereof ", of the first chapter of Capital: Critique of Political Economy ( 1867 ), the constituent concepts of the theory, and their sociologic and economic explanations, have proved intellectually fertile propositions that permit the application of the theory ( interpretation, development, adaptation ) to the study, examination, and analysis of other cultural aspects of the political economy of capitalism, such as:

After losing his chair, Bayle engaged in the preparation of his massive Dictionnaire Historique et Critique ( Historical and Critical Dictionary ), which actually constituted one of the first encyclopaedias ( before the term had come into wide circulation ) of ideas and their originators.

In 1881, he published a translation of the first edition of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason.

In his Translator's Preface, Müller wrote, " The bridge of thoughts and sighs that spans the whole history of the Aryan world has its first arch in the Veda, its last in Kant's Critique .… While in the Veda we may study the childhood, we may study in Kant's Critique of Pure Reason the perfect manhood of the Aryan mind .… The materials are now accessible, and the English-speaking race, the race of the future, will have in Kant's Critique another Aryan heirloom, as precious as the Veda — a work that may be criticised, but can never be ignored.

The Critique of Pure Reason () by Immanuel Kant, first published in 1781, second edition 1787, is one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy.

Also referred to as Kant's " first critique ," it was followed in 1788 by the Critique of Practical Reason and in 1790 by the Critique of Judgment.

Thus it sees the error of metaphysical systems prior to the Critique as failing to first take into consideration the limitations of the human capacity for knowledge.