Several of the dialects have been influenced by contact with non-Germanic linguistic groups, such as the dialect of Carinthia, where in the past many speakers were bilingual with Slovene, and the dialect of Vienna, which has been influenced by immigration during the Austro-Hungarian period, particularly from what is today the Czech Republic.

* Baltic Sea is used in English ; in the Baltic languages Latvian ( Baltijas jūra ) and Lithuanian ( Baltijos jūra ); in Latin ( Mare Balticum ) and the Romance languages French ( Mer Baltique ), Italian ( Mar Baltico ), Portuguese ( Mar Báltico ), Romanian ( Marea Baltică ) and Spanish ( Mar Báltico ); in Greek ( Βαλτική Θάλασσα ); in Albanian ( Deti Balltik ); in the Slavic languages Polish ( Morze Bałtyckie or Bałtyk ), Czech ( Baltské moře or Balt ), Croatian ( Baltičko more ), Slovenian ( Baltsko morje ), Bulgarian ( Baltijsko More ( Балтийско море ), Kashubian ( Bôłt ), Macedonian ( Балтичко Море / Baltičko More ), Ukrainian ( Балтійське море (" Baltijs ' ke More "), Belarusian ( Балтыйскае мора (" Baltyjskaje Mora "), Russian ( Балтийское море (" Baltiyskoye Morye ") and Serbian ( Балтичко море / Baltičko more ); in the Hungarian language ( Balti-tenger ); and also in Basque ( Itsaso Baltikoa )

In the Netherlands, Latvia, Lithuania, Austria, Germany, Scandinavia, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland and Catalonia, 26 December is celebrated as the Second Christmas Day.

A Bohemian () is a resident of the former Kingdom of Bohemia, either in a narrow sense as the region of Bohemia proper or in a wider meaning as the whole country, now known as the Czech Republic.

" In most European countries American Budweiser is not labelled as Budweiser but as Bud, and the name Budweiser refers to the original Czech beer, Budweiser Budvar, except for Ireland and the United Kingdom, where both beers are sold as Budweiser.

Anheuser-Busch uses what is in many jurisdictions a legally-protected mark-of-origin indicating Czech provenance and humorous advertising campaigns to promote Budweiser, such as the " Real Men of Genius " radio and television commercials for Bud Light.

The Czech Budweiser is sold in some countries as Budejovicky Budvar but is known as Budweiser in many other countries throughout the world.

In the Czech Republic, anyone who spent more than six months in the UK or France between the years 1980 and 1996 or received transfusion in the UK after the year 1980 is not allowed to donate blood.

The Czech landscape is quite varied.

Moravia, the eastern part, is also quite hilly and is drained predominantly by the Morava river, but also contains the source of the Oder ( Czech: Odra ) river.

Politically, the Czech Republic is a multi-party parliamentary representative democratic republic.

According to the Constitution of the Czech Republic, the President is the head of state while the Prime Minister is the head of government, exercising supreme executive power.

As the system in Czech repeatedly produces very weak governments ( a specific problem is that about 15 % of the electorate support the Communists, who are shunned by all the other parties ) there is constant talk about changing it but without much chance of really pushing the reform through.

The most prominent Czech railway company is the state-owned České dráhy ( ČD ) ( English: Czech Railways ).

The largest and busiest airport in the Czech Republic is Prague Ruzyně Airport, opened in 1937.

After the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, the Czech Republic is completing a major reorganisation and reduction of the armed forces, which intensified after the Czech Republic joined NATO on 12 March 1999.

The Czech Republic is a member of the United Nations and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.

Active Reserve ( in Czech Aktivní záloha ) is a part of the otherwise professional Army of the Czech Republic.

It also airs on Minimax for the Czech and Slovak Republics.

Additionally, a Czech proposal also surfaced to link Ghana railways with Burkina Faso.

The Czech Republic also possesses Moldauhafen, a enclave in the middle of Hamburg docks, which was awarded to Czechoslovakia by Article 363 of the Treaty of Versailles to allow the landlocked country a place where goods transported downriver could be transferred to seagoing ships ; this territory reverts to Germany in 2028.

: See also: Czech Republic

Non-English names include Treno suburbano in Italian, Cercanías in Spanish, Rodalies in Catalan, Nahverkehrszug in German ( and in most larger cities S-Bahns though these trains also often include city centre metro-like sections where lines have merged and services become more frequent, and stations are closer together to better distribute passengers into the city core ), Train de banlieue in French, Příměstský vlak in Czech and Elektrichka in Russian.

As given by appropriate laws, courts and authorities can enact and write out documents and judgements in the Czech language ( also, financial authorities in the Slovak language ).

Czech can also be used in all official proceedings in Slovakia as granted by Article 6 of Slovak Minority Language Act 184 / 1999 Zb.

These first seven Carmichael numbers, from 561 to 8911, were all found by the Czech mathematician Václav Šimerka in 1885 ( thus preceding not just Carmichael but also Korselt, although Šimerka did not find anything like Korselt's criterion ).

* Czech, mainly during the reign of Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV but also during other periods of Bohemian control over the HRE.

The hope that multiple Central and European parties would join ED also proved to be dubious, as only the Czech Civic Democratic Party took up the offer, with the remainder joining EPP proper or other groups such as Union for Europe of the Nations or Independence and Democracy.

There is also a published account from 1838, written by the German Czech journalist Franz Klutschack.

Modern handball is usually played indoors, but outdoor variants exist in the forms of field handball and Czech handball ( which were more common in the past ) and beach handball ( also called sandball ).

Nevertheless, irradiated foods that fall within the single category ; ' dried aromatic herbs, spices and vegetable seasonings ' are permitted presently in all 27 member states of the European Community and seven countries ( Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, United Kingdom ) also maintain a number of national regulations that allow other irradiated foods to be marketed as long as they comply with Directvie 1999 / 2 / EC.

He went on to study law at Prague University ; during that time he also became involved in theatre ( as an actor he first appeared in Jan Nepomuk Štěpánek's play Czech and German in July 1832 in Benešov ), where he met Eleonora Šomková, with whom he had a son out of wedlock.

* Elbogen – The oldest recorded meteorite in the Czech Republic, also known as the " betwitched burgrave ".

Circle dances were also found in the area that is today the Czech Republic.

Czech composers also developed a thriving national opera movement of their own in the 19th century, starting with Bedřich Smetana, who wrote eight operas including the internationally popular The Bartered Bride.

The Czech Republic also used to use the An-30 for this purpose but they apparently retired all of theirs from service in 2003.

There are also significant numbers of Polish speakers among Polish emigrants and their descendants in many other countries, including Argentina, Andorra, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, the Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, Sweden, Peru, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, the UAE, the UK, Uruguay and the United States.

# The Silesian language is spoken in the Upper Silesia region, mainly in the Silesian Voivodeship and Opole Voivodeship in Poland and also in the Moravian – Silesian Region in Czech Republic.

The Czech musical film, Rebelové from Filip Renč, also depicts the events, the invasion and subsequent wave of emigration.

In 2007, the first case of bluetongue in the Czech Republic was detected in one bull near Cheb at the Czech-German border.

Of the emerging democracies in central and eastern Europe, the Czech Republic has one of the most developed industrialized economies.

Czech uses the acute ( á é í ó ú ý ), caron ( č ď ě ň ř š ť ž ), and for one letter ( ů ) the ring.

The Hussites ( or Kališníci ; " Chalice People ") were a Christian movement following the teachings of Czech reformer Jan Hus ( c. 1369 – 1415 ), who became one of the forerunners of the Protestant Reformation.

Mácha's genius was discovered and glorified much later by the poets and novelists of the 1850s ( e. g., Jan Neruda, Vítězslav Hálek, and Karolina Světlá ) and " Máj " is now regarded as the classic work of Czech Romanticism and is considered one of the best Czech poems ever written.

From 1939 onward he was one of the leaders of the Czech resistance.

The Czech Rafael Kubelik was one notable figure who regularly performed Hartmann's music, and in recent years conductors such as Ingo Metzmacher and Mariss Jansons have brought many works back into the concert hall.

The Polish alphabet was one of two major forms of Latin-based orthography developed for Slavic languages, the other being Czech orthography.

Due to federalism, immediately after the 1989 revolution, two national governments ( one for the Czech Republic, one for Slovakia ) were created as well under the federal Czechoslovak government.

Compulsory subjects are Czech language and World Literature and one other language.

Also with two mandatory subjects Czech language and World Literature and one other language.

Before the Second World War, the Czech Republic was one of the most advanced countries in the world.

The hymn " Svatý Václave " ( Saint Wenceslas ) or " Saint Wenceslas Chorale " is one of the oldest known Czech songs in history.

In Czech literature it is traditionally considered as better than Prévost's original and as one of Nezval's masterpieces.

These authors rejected the narrow ideal of a purely national culture and favored one that incorporated Czech literature into European culture and drew inspiration from the progress made outside of the Czech lands.

The interwar period, coinciding with the First Republic, is one of the apogees of Czech literature — the new state brought with it a plurality of thinking, religion, and philosophy, leading to a great flowering of literature and culture.

He was also known for his recurring roles, such as Beldar, father in the Coneheads family ; with Steve Martin, Georg Festrunk, one of the " Two Wild and Crazy Guys " Czech brothers ; sleazy late-night cable TV host E. Buzz Miller and his cousin, corrupt maker of children's toys and costumes Irwin Mainway ( who extolled the virtues and defended the safety of the " Bag-o-Glass " toy, perhaps the retail leader of the " Bag-o " series of toys ); Fred Garvin – male prostitute ; and high-bred but low-brow critic Leonard Pinth-Garnell.

Passenger traffic at this airport has experienced a large increase in recent years, regular flights fly from there to, for example, London, Rome, Milan and other cities, the airport also serves as one of two bases for police helicopters in the Czech Republic.

Mečiar led Slovakia to disengagement from the Czech Republic in January 1993 and was one of the leading presidential candidates in Slovakia in 1999 and 2004.

* Czech Corridor, a proposed corridor running from Yugoslavia to Czechoslovakia ( so that the two Slavic-speaking nations would have direct access to one another )

Bohumil Hrabal () ( 28 March 1914, Brno – 3 February 1997, Prague ) was a Czech writer, regarded as one of the best writers of the 20th century.