It was used for writing the Old South Arabic languages of the Sabaic, Qatabanic, Hadramautic, Minaic ( or Madhabic ), Himyaritic, and proto-Ge ' ez ( or proto-Ethiosemitic ) in Dʿmt.

Almaqah or Ilmuqah ( Epigraphic South Arabian ‮ 13px13px13px13px13px ‬; Ge ' ez አለመቀሀ, ʾLMQH, Arabic المقة ) was a sun god of the ancient Yemeni kingdom of Saba ' and the kingdoms of Dʿmt and Aksum in Eritrea and Northern Ethiopia ( branched out of Saba ).

The term Habesha ( Ḥabaśā, Amharic ( H ) ābešā, Ḥābešā ; al-Ḥabašah ) refers to the South Semitic-speaking group of people whose cultural, linguistic, and in certain cases, ancestral origins trace back to those people who ruled the Axumite Empire and the kingdom known as Dʿmt ( usually vocalized Diʿamat ).

It was one of many successor kingdoms to Dʿmt and was able to unite the northern Ethiopian plateau beginning around the 1st century BC.

As a result, it is not known whether Dʿmt ended as a civilization before the Kingdom of Axum was established on the Red Sea coast in the 400's BC, evolved into the Aksumite state, or was one of the smaller states united in the united Aksumite kingdom possibly around the beginning of the 1st century AD.

As a result, it is not known whether Dʿmt ended as a civilization before Aksum's early stages, evolved into the Aksumite state, or was one of the smaller states united in the Aksumite kingdom possibly around the beginning of the 1st century.

The capital of Dʿmt was in present day Yeha, Tigray, Ethiopia,

It is now believed that Sabaean influence was minor, limited to a few localities, and disappeared after a few decades or a century, perhaps representing a trading or military colony in some sort of symbiosis or military alliance with the civilization of Dʿmt or some other proto-Aksumite state.

* Dʿmt, a historical kingdom in what is now Eritrea and northern Ethiopia

The area is rich in pre-Aksumite artifacts, and inscriptions of a pre-Aksumite kingdom called Dʿmt have been found in the region.

While there are no known traditions of matriarchal rule in Yemen during the early first millennium BC, the earliest inscriptions of the rulers of Dʿmt in northern Ethiopia and Eritrea mention queens of very high status, possibly equal to their kings.

After the fall of Dʿmt in the 5th century BC, the plateau came to be dominated by smaller unknown successor kingdoms.

* Dʿmt Kingdom ( 8th century BC – 7th / 5th century BC )

Some modern historians like Stuart Munro-Hay, Rodolfo Fattovich, Ayele Bekerie, Cain Felder, and Ephraim Isaac consider this civilization to be indigenous, although Sabaean-influenced due to the latter's dominance of the Red Sea, while others like Joseph Michels, Henri de Contenson, Tekle-Tsadik Mekouria, and Stanley Burstein have viewed Dʿmt as the result of a mixture of Sabaeans and indigenous peoples.

Alphabets: < span style =" background-color: lightblue ; color: white ;"> Armenian alphabet | Armenian </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# 008080 ; color: white ;"> Cyrillic | < font color =" white "> Cyrillic </ font color > </ span >, < span style =" background-color: brown ; color: white ;"> Georgian alphabet | < font color =" white "> Georgian </ font color > </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# 0000FF ; color: white ;"> Greek alphabet | < font color =" white "> Greek </ font color > </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# AAAAAA ; color: black ;"> Latin script | Latin </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# CCFF99 ; color: black ;"> Latin ( and Arabic script | Arabic ) </ span >, < span style =" background-color: cyan ; color: black ;"> Latin and Cyrillic </ span > Abjads: Arabic script | < span style =" background-color: green ; color: white ;"> Arabic </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# 00ff7f ; color: black ;"> Hebrew alphabet | Hebrew </ span > Abugidas: < span style =" background-color :# FFC000 ; color: black ;"> Indic scripts | North Indic </ span >, < span style =" background-color: orange ; color: black ;"> Indic scripts | South Indic </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# 66FF00 ; color: white ;"> Ge ' ez script | Ge ' ez </ span >, < span style =" background-color: olive ; color: white ;"> < font color =" white "> Tāna </ font > </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# FFFF80 ; color: black ;"> Canadian Aboriginal syllabics | Canadian Syllabic and Latin </ span > Logographic + syllabic: < span style =" background-color: red ; color: white ;"> Pure logographic </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# DC143C ; color: white ;"> Mixed logographic and syllabaries </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# FF00FF ; color: black ;"> Featural-alphabetic syllabary + limited logographic </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# 800080 ; color: white ;"> Featural-alphabetic syllabary </ span >

The South Arabian alphabet, a sister script to the Phoenician alphabet, is the script from which the Ge ' ez alphabet ( an abugida ) is descended.

In this way, the South Arabian alphabet evolved into the Ge ' ez alphabet between the 5th century BC and the 5th century AD.

An abugida ( from Ge ‘ ez አቡጊዳ ’ äbugida ), also called an alphasyllabary, is a segmental writing system in which consonant – vowel sequences are written as a unit: each unit is based on a consonant letter, and vowel notation is secondary.

It is an Ethiopian name of the Ge ‘ ez script, ’ ä bu gi da, taken from four letters of that script the way abecedary derives from Latin a be ce de.

There are a few historical records claiming that this law code was translated into Ge ' ez and entered Ethiopia around 1450 in the reign of Zara Yaqob.

In Ge ' ez and the modern Ethiosemitic languages of Ethiopia and Eritrea, two forms exist: ፋሲካ (" Fasika ", fāsīkā ) from Greek Pascha, and ትንሣኤ (" Tensae ", tinśā ' ē ), the latter from the Semitic root N-Ś -', meaning " to rise " ( cf.

Central areas of Eritrea and most tribes in today's northern Ethiopia share a common background and cultural heritage in the Kingdom of Aksum ( and its successor dynasties ) of the first millennium ( as well as the first millennium BC kingdom of D ’ mt ), and in its Ethiopian Orthodox Christian Church ( today, with an autocephalous Eritrean branch ), as well as in its Ge ' ez language.

" Other dated inscriptions are used to determine a floruit for GDRT ( interpreted as representing a Ge ' ez name such as Gadarat, Gedur, Gadurat or Gedara ) around the beginning of the 3rd century.

Unless Jarma is a nickname for Axum ( hypothetically from Ge ' ez girma, " remarkable, revered "), the capital had moved from Axum to a new site, yet undiscovered.

The remaining 95 % are Christians, so divided: 78 % of the Eritrean Orthodox faith, 12 % Roman Catholic and Eastern Catholic ( whose mass is held in Ge ' ez as opposed to Latin ), and 5 % belonging to various Protestant and other Christian denominations, the majority of which belong to the ( Lutheran ) Evangelical Church of Eritrea.

The Ethiopian Orthodox Church prescribes a number of fasting ( tsom Ge ' ez: ጾም ṣōm ) periods, including Wednesdays, Fridays, and the entire Lenten season, so Ethiopian cuisine contains many dishes that are vegan ( Amharic: ye-tsom የጾም ye-ṣōm, Tigrinya: nay-tsom ናይጾም nāy-ṣōm ).

Following this, berbere is added to make a spicy keiy ( Amharic: ቀይ ḳey, Tigrinya, Ge ' ez: ቀይሕ ḳeyyiḥ ; " red ") wat, or may be omitted for a milder alicha wat or alecha wat ( Amharic: አሊጫ ālič ̣ ā ).

Meat such as beef ( siga, Ge ' ez: ሥጋ śigā ), chicken ( Amharic: ዶሮ dōrō, Tigrinya: ደርሆ derhō ), fish ( Amharic: asa ), goat or lamb ( Amharic: beg, Tigrinya በግዕ beggiʻ ) is added ; legumes such as split peas ( Amharic: ክክ kik, Tigrinya: ክኪ kikkī ) or lentils ( Amharic: ምስር misir, Tigrinya: ብርስን birsin ); or vegetables such as potato ( dinich, Amharic: ድንች dinič, Tigrinya ድንሽ diniš ), carrots and chard ( Tigrinya: costa ) are also used in wat.

Meat or vegetables are sautéed to make tibs ( also tebs, t ' ibs, tibbs, etc., Ge ' ez ጥብስ ṭibs ).

Another distinctive Ethiopian dish is kitfo ( frequently spelled ketfo ), which consists of raw ( or rare ) beef mince marinated in mitmita ( Ge ' ez: ሚጥሚጣ mīṭmīṭā, a very spicy chili powder ) and niter kibbeh.

Fit-fit or fir-fir ( Ge ' ez: ፍርፍር firfir ; ፍትፍት fitfit ), made from shredded injera with spices, is a common breakfast dish.

Another popular breakfast food is dulet ( Ge ' ez: ዱለት dūlet ), a spicy mixture of tripe, liver, beef, and peppers with injera.

Tej is a potent honey wine, similar to mead, that is frequently served in bars ( in particular, in a tej bet ; Ge ' ez ጠጅ ቤት ṭej bēt, " tej house ").

Gurage cuisine additionally makes use of the false banana plant ( enset, Ge ' ez: እንሰት inset ), a type of ensete.

The plant is pulverized and fermented to make a bread-like food called qocho or kocho ( Ge ' ez: ቆጮ ḳōč ̣ ō ), which is eaten with kitfo.

The root of this plant may be powdered and prepared as a hot drink called bulla ( Ge ' ez: ቡላ būlā ), which is often given to those who are tired or ill. Another typical Gurage preparation is coffee with butter ( kebbeh ).

Shem ( ; Sēm ; Arabic: Sām ; Ge ' ez: ሴም, Sēm ; " renown ; prosperity ; name ") was one of the sons of Noah in the Hebrew Bible as well as in Islamic literature.

Sheba ( Ge ' ez: ሳባ, Saba, Arabic: سبأ, Sabāʾ, South Arabian 13px13px13px, Hebrew: שבא, Sh ' va, also referred to as the people of Tubba ) was a kingdom mentioned in the Hebrew scriptures ( Old Testament ) and the Qur ' an.

The country of the habasha has been ruled by a woman for many years now: she has killed the king of the habasha who was called Haḍani Ge ' ez language | Ge ' ez haṣ ́ ani, modern aṣ ́ e or Emperor of Ethiopia | atse.

Emperor Menelik II GCB, GCMG, ( Ge ' ez ምኒልክ ) baptized as Sahle Maryam ( 17 August 1844 – 12 December 1913 ), was Negus of Shewa ( 1866 – 89 ), then

The few works that had been published, most notably Onesimos Nesib's and Aster Ganno's translation of the Bible from the late nineteenth century, were written in the Ge ' ez alphabet, as was the 1875 New Testament produced by Krapf.

For this and other reasons, the traditional Ethiopian view is that the original language of the work was Ge ' ez, whereas non-Ethiopian scholars tend to assert that it was first written in either Aramaic or Hebrew ; E. Isaac suggests that the Book of Enoch, like the Book of Daniel, was composed partially in Aramaic and partially in Hebrew.

Meles Zenawi Asres ( Ge ' ez: መለስ ዜናዊ አስረስ Mäläs Zenawi Äsräs ; 8 May 1955 – 20 August 2012, born Legesse Zenawi Asres ) was the Prime Minister of Ethiopia from 1995 until his death in 2012.

Iyasu V ( Ge ' ez ኢያሱ፭ኛ, the Ethiopian version of Joshua ), also known as Lij Iyasu ( Ge ' ez ልጅ ኢያሱ ; 4 February 1895 – 25 November 1935 ) was the designated but uncrowned Emperor of Ethiopia ( 1913 – 16 ).

Zewditu I ( also spelled Zawditu or Zauditu ; Ge ' ez ዘውዲቱ ; 29 April 1876 – 2 April 1930 ) was Empress of Ethiopia from 1916 to 1930.

It was first translated from the Ge ' ez Ethiopic version into German by August Dillmann.

The Emperor of Ethiopia ( Ge ' ez: < font size ="+ 1 "> ንጉሠ ነገሥት </ font >,, " King of Kings ") was the hereditary ruler of Ethiopia until the abolition of the monarchy in 1974.

The thaler was known locally as the Birr ( literally meaning " silver " in Ge ' ez and Amharic ) or ታላሪ taleri.

Tewodros II ( Ge ' ez ቴዎድሮስ, baptized as Sahle Dingil, and often referred to in the west by the English equivalent Theodore II ) ( c. 1818 – April 13, 1868 ) was the Emperor of Ethiopia from 1855 until his death.

He was born Kassa Haile Giorgis, but was more regularly referred to as Kassa Hailu ( Ge ' ez ካሳ ኃይሉ — meaning " restitution " and " His the power ").

Saint Yared ( Ge ' ez: ቅዱስ ያሬድ ) ( April 25, 505 – May 20, 571 ) was a semi-legendary Ethiopian musician credited with inventing the sacred music tradition of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church and Ethiopia's system of musical notation.

( The more sceptical school of historians, whose views are discussed above, deny that the Ethiopian Jews ever knew Hebrew ; they certainly have no Hebrew texts remaining, and have been forced in recent centuries to use the Christian " Old Testament " in Ge ' ez after their own literature was destroyed.

The Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces, Police, and Territorial Army, or the Derg ( Ge ' ez " Committee "), was officially announced 28 June 1974 by a group of military officers to maintain law and order due to the powerlessness of the civilian government following widespread mutiny in the armed forces of Ethiopia earlier that year.