These profiles are stored on a local, state and national level in DNA databanks such as CODIS.

DNA profiling ( also called DNA testing, DNA typing, or genetic fingerprinting ) is a technique employed by forensic scientists to assist in the identification of individuals by their respective DNA profiles.

DNA profiles are encrypted sets of numbers that reflect a person's DNA makeup, which can also be used as the person's identifier.

The judge must ensure that the jury must understand the significance of DNA matches and mismatches in the profiles.

However if the DNA evidence is the sole evidence against the accused and the accused was picked out of a large database of DNA profiles, the jurors should consider the very likely possibility that the match is just a coincidence and the accused is innocent.

A match is found, that man is accused and at his trial, it is testified that the probability that two DNA profiles match by chance is only 1 in 10, 000.

The general DNA profiles of both Pinot gris and blanc are identical to Pinot noir ; and other Pinots, Pinot moure and Pinot teinturier, are also genetically similarly close.

The Combined DNA Index System ( CODIS ) stores DNA profiles for both convicted felons in the Offender Index as well as unidentified DNA found at crime scenes in the Forensic Index.

Exposure of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to DNA damaging agents results in overlapping but distinct transcriptional profiles.

MLST directly measures the DNA sequence variations in a set of housekeeping genes and characterizes strains by their unique allelic profiles.

However the official position is that no chance matches have occurred, a position backed up by the fact that the majority of the searches will have been repeated, and that there are not 1 trillion unique DNA profiles on file.

Balancing individual rights and the public interest in the governance and use of the National DNA Database, which said that “ the profiles of over three quarters of young black men between the ages of 18 and 35 are recorded .”

Her comments came after a parliamentary committee found that almost one in four black children from the ages of 10 have had their profiles placed on the police DNA database.

In contrast, the DNA profiles of just fewer than 10 percent of white youth have been added.

Tellingly, the NPIA points out that of all of the subject profiles retained on the DNA Database by ethnic appearance as at 16 October 2009, 77. 57 % were “ White North European ”, 2. 06 % were “ White South European ,” 7. 83 % were black, 5. 67 % were Asian, 0. 82 % were Middle Eastern, 0. 69 % were Chinese, Japanese or South East Asian, and 5. 365 were unknown.

A national DNA database is a government database of DNA profiles which can be used by law enforcement agencies to identify suspects of crimes.

An article in the Albany Times-Union cites Roland Kays, curator of mammals at the State Museum of New York, as contending that preliminary results of DNA evidence in eastern coyotes suggests interbreeding and a genetic makeup of 85 – 90 % coyote, perhaps 10 % wolf and slightly less than 5 % dog.

Mitochondrial DNA extracted from eastern North American wolves killed in the 1800s is not of gray wolf origin.

In its relatively southern origin proposals, this autosomal study was considered by the authors to be broadly consistent with a previous mitochondrial DNA studies, including one by some of the same authors which associated the origins of mitochondrial haplogroups L0 and L1 with " click languages " in southern and eastern Africa.

One consistent difference between the eastern and western birds is a single mutation in the cytochrome b gene of their mitochondrial DNA.

The second analyzes the DNA of Australian Common Starling populations to track where the migration from eastern to Western Australia is occurring so that better preventative strategies can be used.

DNA analysis reveals eastern freshwater cod of the Clarence River system went through a calamitous bottleneck a couple of thousand years ago, in which the majority of the population perished.

showed that only two evolutionarily significant units ( ESUs ) exist based on mitochondrial DNA studies, a western phylogroup ( C. f. gallicus, C. f. albicus and C. f. fiber ) and an eastern phylogroup ( C. f.

Fairly close matches were found between the ancient DNA STR haplotypes and those in living persons in both eastern Europe and Siberia.

While preliminary genetic testing with non-nuclear DNA indicates a close relationship with the eastern chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii ) subspecies of the common chimpanzee, a range of behaviors that are more closely related to those of gorillas have greatly intrigued primatologists from around the globe.

* In 1991, Allan Legere was the first Canadian to be convicted as a result of DNA evidence, for four murders he had committed while an escaped prisoner in 1989.

* In 1994, Royal Canadian Mounted Police ( RCMP ) detectives successfully tested hairs from a cat known as Snowball, and used the test to link a man to the murder of his wife, thus marking for the first time in forensic history the use of non-human DNA to identify a criminal.

However, recent DNA analysis from mitochondrial DNA of the remains from those reindeer suggest that the animals from the Queen Charlotte Islands were not genetically distinct from the Canadian mainland reindeer subspecies.

Dr. Hebert is the Director of the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, and the International Barcode of Life Project ( iBOL ), all headquartered at the University of Guelph.

Legere's trial featured the first Canadian uses of DNA fingerprinting, and Legere was convicted of murder for a second time in 1991.

In another musical reference featured in the episode, several characters claim the real-life Canadian rock group Loverboy wrote a song about the fact that the DNA of an elephant and pig will not splice.

However, Canadian scientists did in fact perform a DNA analysis of the Newfoundland Blob that indicated the tissue was from a sperm whale.

In August 2003, two wild-occurring hybrids between wild Canadian lynx and bobcats were confirmed by DNA analysis in the Moosehead region of Maine, USA.

Analyses of mitochondrial DNA showed the existing red wolf populations are predominantly coyote in origin.

" Mitochondrial DNA analysis implying extensive hybridization of the endangered red wolf Canis rufus ".

However, in 2009, a cladistic analysis of DNA identified the Falkland Island wolf's closest living relative as the maned wolf ( Chrysocyon brachyurus )— an unusually long-legged, fox-like South American canid, from which it separated about 6. 7 million years ago.

However, Slater's analysis of mitochondrial DNA from five museum specimens indicated that their most recent common ancestor lived some 330, 000 years ago, making it likely that the wolf arrived in the islands long before humans.

One study based on DNA evidence, published in 2009, showed that the extinct Falkland Islands wolf was the most closely related species to the maned wolf in historical times, and shared a common ancestor with it about 6 million years ago.

Recent DNA analysis confirms that the Pekingese breed is one of the oldest breeds of dog, one of the least genetically diverged from the wolf.

Dogs diverged from a now-extinct Asian wolf between 12, 000 and 15, 000 years ago, according to recent DNA studies.

And, on the April 20, 2011 episode of " Fact or Faked: Paranormal Files ," analysis of DNA extracted from the corpse of a so-called " Texas chupacabra " showed it to actually be a coyote / Mexican timber wolf ( Canis lupus baileyi ) hybrid.

Amongst many other activities, they created the modern incarnation of werewolves: combining advanced genetic re-engineering science with earthborn magic ( apparently tapping into the Wolf-Demon's power ), they bound the spirit and DNA of the captured wolf Windracer into a humanoid.

Comparative studies on the Mitochondrial DNA of various wolf subspecies have shown that the European line of wolves originated over 150, 000 years ago, making them around the same age as North American wolves, but significantly younger than Asiatic subspecies.