While in South America Darwin received Volume 2 which considered the ideas of Lamarck in some detail.

To avoid debates about the possibility of in-vitro fertilization, artificial insemination, or cloning, the original Darwin Awards book applied the following " deserted island " test to potential winners: If the person were unable to reproduce when stranded on a deserted island with a fertile member of the opposite sex, he or she would be considered sterile.

From Aristotle until Darwin, the natural world was predominantly considered static and unchanging.

The term was introduced by Darwin in his groundbreaking 1859 book On the Origin of Species, in which natural selection was described by analogy to artificial selection, a process by which animals and plants with traits considered desirable by human breeders are systematically favored for reproduction.

The term was introduced by Darwin in his influential 1859 book On the Origin of Species, in which natural selection was described as analogous to artificial selection, a process by which animals and plants with traits considered desirable by human breeders are systematically favored for reproduction.

Darwin himself had noted that " the existence of free gemmules is a gratuitous assumption "; by some accounts in modern interpretation, gemmules may be considered a prescient mix of DNA, RNA, proteins, prions, and other mobile elements that are heritable in a non-Mendelian manner at the molecular level.

Charles Darwin is considered to be one of the most influential scientists of all time.

On the Origin of Species, published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology.

While Darwin considered Wallace's idea to be identical to his concept of natural selection, historians have pointed out differences.

In his work Über die Berechtigung der Darwin ' schen Theorie ( On the justification of the Darwinian theory ) he compares creationism and evolutionary theory, concluding that many biological facts can be seamlessly accommodated within evolutionary theory, but remain puzzling if considered the result of acts of creation.

The case was considered by Lamark, who thought flatfish precursors would have lived in shallow water for a long period, and by Darwin, who predicted a gradual migration of the eye, mirroring the metamorphosis of the living forms.

: There is nothing in modern philosophy that appears to me so extraordinary, as the revival of what has long been considered as the exploded doctrine of equivocal, or, as Dr. Darwin calls it, spontaneous generation ; by which is meant the production of organized bodies from substances that have no organization, as plants and animals from no pre-existing germs of the same kinds, plants without seeds, and animals without sexual intercourse.

It was considered one of the finest works of its kind at the time, being cited by Darwin.

Charles Darwin considered that conscience evolved in man to resolve conflicts between competing natural impulses-some about self-preservation but others about safety of a family or community ; the claim of conscience to moral authority emerged from the " greater duration of impression of social instincts " in the struggle for survival.

Darwin called his Lamarckian hypothesis Pangenesis, and explained it in the final chapter of his book Variation in Plants and Animals under Domestication, after describing numerous examples to demonstrate what he considered to be the inheritance of acquired characteristics.

Charles Darwin studied de Candolle's " natural system " of classification in 1826 when at the University of Edinburgh, and in the inception of Darwin's theory in 1838 he considered " the warring of the species ", adding that it was even more strongly conveyed by Thomas Malthus, producing the pressures that Darwin later called natural selection.

Darwin later considered the nearly perfect function of male nipples in contrast to greatly reduced structures such as the vesicula prostatica, speculating that both sexes may have nursed young in early mammalian ancestors, and subsequently mammals evolved to inactivate them in males at an early age.

Darwin held Gray in high esteem: he dedicated his book Forms of Flowers ( 1877 ) to Gray and he wrote in 1881 " there is hardly any one in the world whose approbation I value more highly than I do yours " Gray, considered by Darwin to be his friend and " best advocate ", also attempted to convince Darwin in these letters that design was inherent in all forms of life, and to return to his faith.

His reputation abroad was negative: Charles Darwin, for one, hoped he would be overthrown, though Thomas Carlyle, no friend to democracy, found material to admire even in the publications of Francia's detractors, and wrote in an 1843 essay that " Liberty of private judgement, unless it kept its mouth shut, was at an end in Paraguay ", but considered that under the social circumstances this was of little detriment to a " Gaucho population ... not yet fit for constitutional liberty.

Darwin focuses less on the question of whether humans evolved than he does on showing that each of the human faculties considered to be so far beyond those of animals — such as moral reasoning, sympathy for others, beauty, and music — can be seen in kind ( if not degree ) in other animal species ( usually apes and dogs ).

To the contrary, Darwin considered that all human beings were of the same species, and that races, if they were useful markers at all, were simply " sub-species " or " variants.

Darwin considered sexual selection to be as much of a theoretical contribution of his as was his natural selection, and a substantial amount of Descent is devoted exclusively to this topic.

: May 3, 1860: " Mr. Darwin has written a work which will constitute an era in geology & natural history to show that ... the descendants of common parents may become in the course of ages so unlike each other as to be entitled to rank as a distinct species, from each other or from some of their progenitors ".

In spite of Cyclops ' feelings, Xavier forms a new team including Havok and Darwin, the lone other survivor of Moira's students.

In Lichfield, Darwin wrote " didactic poetry, developed his system of evolution, and invented amongst other things, an organ able to recite the Lord's Prayer, the Creed, and the Ten Commandments ".

* Written in TDBS for the Kakadu Konnection BBS in Darwin Australia and widely distributed to other TBBS Bulletin Boards in 1989.

Darwin himself only ventured to propound his theories in a biological sense, and it is other thinkers and theorists who have applied Darwin's model to unequal endowments of human ambition.

In addition to evolutionary development of mental and physical traits, Darwin and other evolutionary theorists emphasize the influence of the types of environment upon behaviour.

Charles Darwin conjectured that the male beard, as well as the relative hairlessness of humans compared to nearly all other mammals, are results of sexual selection.

Ryder argued in the pamphlet that " Since Darwin, scientists have agreed that there is no ' magical ' essential difference between humans and other animals, biologically-speaking.

Darwin noted that some species of slave-making ants were more dependent on slaves than others, and he observed that many ant species will collect and store the pupae of other species as food.

Darwin presented natural selection as a scientifically testable mechanism while accepting that other mechanisms such as inheritance of acquired characters were possible.

In his Discourse on the Origins of Inequality, Rousseau, anticipating the language of Darwin, states that as the animal-like human species increased there arose a " formidable struggle for existence " between it and other species for food.

Among his many other wide-ranging non-fiction works were The Great Monkey Trial ( about the Scopes Trial ), The Ragged Edge of Science, Energy and Power, The Heroic Age of American Invention, The Day of the Dinosaur ( which argued, among other things, that evolution took hold after Darwin because of the Victorian interest spurred by recently popularized dinosaur remains, corresponding to legends of dragons ), and The Evolution of Naval Weapons ( a U. S. government textbook ).

Discovery of the great depth of the volcanic remnant beneath many atolls such as at Midway Atoll favors the Darwin explanation, although there can be little doubt that fluctuating sea level has had considerable influence on atolls and other reefs.

It supports the POSIX API by way of its BSD lineage and a large number of programs written for various other UNIX-like systems can be compiled on Darwin with no changes to the source code.

70pxThe Darwin developers decided to adopt a mascot in 2000, and chose Hexley the Platypus, over other contenders, such as an Aqua Darwin fish, Clarus the Dogcow, and an orca.

The sculptor Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins erected the first lifesized models of the ( then ) newly-discovered dinosaurs and other extinct animals in the park, following the gift of a megatherium skull by Charles Darwin.

The Central sandstone plateau supports rich woodland flora communities dominated by species including Darwin Woolybutt and Darwin Stringybark, as well as banksias, grevilleas, terminalias and a wide variety of other woodland species.

The racial makeup of Darwin was 38 ( 88 %) White, 0 ( 0 %) African American, 2 ( 5 %) Native American, 1 ( 2 %) Asian, 1 ( 2 %) Pacific Islander, 0 ( 0 %) from other races, and 1 ( 2 %) from two or more races.

* The Right Worshipful — all other Lord Mayors and Mayors of cities and the original Cinque Ports ( United Kingdom ), and ( rarely used nowadays ) Lord Mayors of Darwin, Newcastle and Wollongong and Mayor of Geelong in Australia

Darwin is referred to as two men hit each other with their canes arguing whether man is an animal.