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Page "Battle of Abritus" ¶ 2
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Decius and may
While the Decius himself may have intended the edict as a way to reaffirm his conservative vision of the Pax Romana and to reassure Rome's citizens that the empire was still secure, it nevertheless sparked a " terrible crisis of authority as various Christian bishops and their flocks reacted to it in different ways.
All that is known about him may be summed up thus: Under the Emperors Decius and Gratius ( AD 250-251 ), Pope Fabian sent out seven bishops from Rome to Gaul to preach the Gospel: Gatien to Tours, Trophimus to Arles, Paul to Narbonne, Saturnin to Toulouse, Denis to Paris, Austromoine to Clermont, and Martial to Limoges.
A section covering the reigns of Philip the Arab, Decius, Trebonianus Gallus, Aemilian and all but the end of the reign of Valerian is missing in all the manuscripts, and it has been argued that biographies of Nerva and Trajan have also been lost at the beginning of the work, which may suggest the compilation might have been a direct continuation of Suetonius.
Although he then adds, " that some assert ", that this may have happened under Decius and Valerian at Chalcis, this statement ( ut alii affirmant ), adduced even by him as uncertain, is unlikely.

Decius and also
A 6th-century Byzantine scholar, Zosimus also described the total massacre of Decius ' troops and the fall of the pagan emperor:
: See also Decius ( gens ).
During his reign, he proceeded with several building projects in Rome, " including the Thermae Deciane or Baths of Decius on the Aventine ", which was completed in 252 and survived through to the 16th century ; Decius also acted to repair the Colosseum, which had been damaged by lightning strikes.
: See also Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire # Under Decius
At a meeting of the Royal Council in Verona, the referandarius Cyprianus accused the ex-consul Caecina Decius Faustus Albinus of treasonous correspondence with Justin I. Boethius leapt to his defense, crying, " The charge of Cyprianus is false, but if Albinus did that, so also have I and the whole senate with one accord done it ; it is false, my Lord King.
The exact dates of their alleged sleep are also not given in the Qur ' an ; some allege that they entered the cave at the time of Decius ( 250 AD ) and they woke up at the time of Theodosius I ( 378 – 395 ) or Theodosius II ( 408 – 450 ), but neither of these dates can be reconciled with the Qur ' an's account of sleeping 300 or 309 years.
He also wrote The Claudii, Aphrodite, a Story of Ancient Hellas, Decius the Flute-player: a Merry Story of a Musician in Ancient Rome.
Dionysius also describes the period where the city of Alexandria was subject to the legal persecution instituted by Emperor Decius against Christians.
John Gielgud had played Mark Antony at the Old Vic Theatre in 1930 and Cassius at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1950, James Mason had played Brutus at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin in the 1940s, and John Hoyt, who plays Decius Brutus, also played him in the 1937 stage version.

Decius and have
Unlike some of his immediate imperial predecessors such as Philip the Arab or Maximinus who did not have extensive administrative experience before assuming the throne, Decius was a distinguished senator who had served as consul in 232, had been governor of Moesia and Germania Inferior soon afterwards, served as governor of Hispania Tarraconensis between 235 – 238, and was urban prefect of Rome during the early reign of Emperor Philip the Arab ( Marcus Iulius Phillipus ).
There is controversy as to what the middle initial stood for ; some have suggested " Decius ".
This action of the army, and the fact that Gallus seems to have been on good terms with Decius ' family, makes Dexippus ' allegation improbable.
Historians have noted the many similarities between the story of Publius Decius Mus, and an event said to have taken place on Sicily in 258 when the Romans were fighting the First Punic War against Carthage.
The story of Decius as preserved has been patterned after that of the military tribune of 258, but Decius could still have performed some heroic act in 343, the memory of which became the origin of the later embellished tale.
Forsythe ( 2005 ) considers the episode with Cornelius Cossus and Decius Mus to have been invented, in part to foreshadow Decius ' sacrifice in 340.
P. Decius might have performed some heroic act which then enabled him to become the first of his family to reach the consulship in 340, but if so no detail of the historical event survives.
Instead later annalists have combined the disaster at the Caudine Forks with the tale of the military tribune of 258 to produce the entirely fictitious story recorded by Livy, the difference being that while in the originals the Romans suffered defeat and death, here none of Decius ' men are killed and the Romans win a great victory.
Decius ' campaign fits within the larger pattern of Roman warfare in south-east Italy, he might even have wintered in Apulia.
He was believed to have died a martyr's death during the persecution of Decius or Valentinian ( ca.
Subsequent scholars ( W. H. C. Frend and Charles Thomas for example ) have argued that such a single, localised British martyrdom in 209 would have been unusual, and have suggested the period of 251 – 59 ( under the persecutors Decius or Valerian ) as more likely.

Decius and taken
This time Decius ' army was taken by surprise while resting at Beroe / Augusta Traiana.

Decius and with
Decius was forced to withdraw his army to the north at Oescus, leaving Cniva ample time to ravage Moesia and finally capture Philippopolis in the summer of 251, in part with the help of its commander, a certain Titus Julius Priscus who had proclaimed himself Emperor.
In the meantime, Decius had returned with his re-organized army, accompanied by his son Herennius Etruscus and the general Trebonianus Gallus, intending to defeat the invaders and recover the booty.
Gallus, who became emperor upon Decius ' death, negotiated a treaty with the Goths under duress, which allowed them to keep their booty and return to their homes on the other side of the Danube.
Based on the similarity of the names, that king might coincide with the king Cniva who defeated Decius in Abritus.
* Emperor Philip the Arab entrusts Trajan Decius with an important command on the Danube.
In 251, when Decius revived the censorship with legislative and executive powers so extensive that it practically embraced the civil authority of the emperor, Valerian was chosen censor by the Senate, though he declined to accept the post.
In June 251, Decius was killed in battle with the Goths ; immediately following this Trebonianus Gallus became Emperor.
Around 245, Emperor Philip entrusted Decius with an important command on the Danube.
Decius ' political program was focused on the restoration of the strength of the State, both military opposing the external threats, and restoring the public piety with a program of renovation of the State religion.
Either as a concession to the Senate, or perhaps with the idea of improving public morality, Decius endeavoured to revive the separate office and authority of the censor.
In the meantime, Decius had returned with his re-organized army, accompanied by his son Herennius Etruscus and the general Trebonianus Gallus, intending to defeat the invaders and recover the booty.
One literary tradition claims that Decius was betrayed by his successor Trebonianus Gallus, who was involved in a secret alliance with the Goths but this cannot be substantiated and was most likely a later invention since Gallus felt compelled to adopt Decius ' younger son, Gaius Valens Hostilianus, as joint emperor even though the latter was too young to rule in his own right.
Magnus had been appointed Praetorian prefect of Gaul in 458, while the Praetorian prefect of Italy was Caecina Decius Basilius, who was the patron of the Gallic senator ( and poet ) Sidonius Apollinaris, while the comes privatae largitionis, Ennodius, was related to a family with interests in Arelate.
Overwhelmed by the number of invasions and usurpers, Philip offered to resign, but the Senate decided to throw its support behind the Emperor, with a certain Gaius Messius Quintus Decius most vocal of all the senators.
Philip was so impressed by his support that he dispatched Decius to the region with a special command encompassing all of the Pannonian and Moesian provinces.
Although Decius tried to come to terms with Philip, Philip's army met the usurper near modern Verona that summer.
According to rumours supported by Dexippus ( a contemporary Greek historian ) and the Thirteenth Sibylline Oracle, Decius ' failure was largely owing to Gallus who had conspired with the invaders.
227 – June 251 ), was Roman emperor in 251, in a joint rule with his father Decius.
Herennius was very close to his father and accompanied him in 248, as a military tribune, when Decius was appointed by Philip the Arab to deal with the revolt of Pacatianus in the Danube frontier.
Decius survived the initial confrontation, only to be slain with the rest of the army before the end of the day.

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