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Deng's displacement of Hua Guofeng marked the Party leadership's consensus that China should abandon strict Maoist economics in favor of more pragmatic policies, and Hu directed many of Deng's attempts to reform the Chinese economy.
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Deng's and Hua
On October 10, Deng Xiaoping personally wrote a letter to Hua asking to be transferred back to state and party affairs ; party elders also called for Deng's return.
Jiang Qing was especially paranoid of Deng's influence on national affairs, whereas she considered Hua Guofeng a mere nuisance.
This proved a trigger for Deng's manoeuvre in 1978 to gain control of economic policy in China, and led eventually to Hua being demoted from the party leadership in 1980.
" The arrest of the Gang of Four, Hua said, did not justify that Deng's " revisionist " ideas should resurface.
Deng's and marked
This marked Deng's second purge in ten years.
Deng's and Party
Deng's vision for economic success and a new socialist market model became entrenched in the Party constitution in 1997 as Deng Xiaoping Theory.
Zhao Ziyang later wrote in his autobiography that, although Deng had stated many of these sentiments in a private conversation with Li Peng shortly before the editorial was written, Li had these comments disseminated to Party members and published as the editorial without Deng's knowledge or consent.
Perhaps realizing that opposition to capitalism would be poorly received by Deng and other Party elders, Li publicly supported Deng's economic reforms.
Although Deng Xiaoping was Zhao's only firm supporter among the Party elders, Deng's support was sufficient to protect Zhao throughout Zhao's career.
One of Deng's first political goals was to rehabilitate Party members who had been condemned and persecuted during the Cultural Revolution.
Chen's criticism of the Deng's economic reforms was influential within the Communist Party, and was reflected in the policies of China's leaders after Deng.
The coalition of Hua's political supporters, bearing the name of " the whatever faction ", also lost its power after the Deng's political maneuver: Wang Dongxing, Ji Dengkui, Wu De, and Chen Xilian, the so-called " Little Gang of Four ", were relieved of all the Party and state posts during the 5th Plenum of the CC CCP, 23-39 February 1980.
Deng's renewed push for a market-oriented economy received official sanction at the 14th Party Congress later in the year as a number of younger, reform-minded leaders began their rise to top positions.
After the visit, the Communist Party Politburo publicly issued an endorsement of Deng's policies of economic openness.
Politically, however, Deng's experiment separating the governance of Party, Government and Military have proven to be a failed strategy under the current political system.
Finally, Deng's policy of asserting the primacy of economic development, while maintaining the rule of the Communist Party, has raised questions about its legitimacy.
After 1989 Bo intervened numerous times to support Deng's efforts to re-start economic ( but not political ) liberalization, and to prevent economic hardliners from dominating Party politics.
Deng's and China
High Culture Fever: Politics, Aesthetics, and Ideology in Deng's China ( 1996 ) complete text online free
The People's Republic of China has continued the agenda of Deng's reforms by initiating significant privatization of the economy.
Some hold that the Revolution ' cleansed ' China from superstitions, religious dogma, and outdated traditions in a ' modernist transformation ' that later made Deng's economic reforms possible.
China scholars generally agree that Deng's interpretation of Maoism preserves the legitimacy of Communist rule in China but at the same time criticizes Mao's brand of economic and political governance.
Deng's belief, however, stipulated that the only solution to keeping the legitimacy of Communist rule over China was to continue the drive for modernization and economic reform, and therefore placed himself at odds with Jiang.
Chen was not, in principle, opposed to the scope of Deng's reforms: China's economic policy had effectively frozen consumer prices for decades, to the point that prices in China no longer had much relationship to the relative value of resources, goods, or services.
He supported Deng in the power struggle against Mao ’ s widow, Jiang Qing, and her Gang of Four, and also advocated Deng's policy of reforming and opening up China to the outside world, a policy that Liu himself had practiced in the Academy decades ago.
In January 1979 a demonstration was held in Washington DC on the occasion of Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping's meeting with Jimmy Carter to expose what the RCP and Avakian viewed as Deng's " reversal " of the revolution in China.
In short, Deng's reforms sparked an industrial revolution in China.
Inspired by Fang Lizhi, a physicist from the University of Science and Technology of China who gave speeches criticizing Deng's go slow policies, students took to protest.
Deng's and favor
This argument was decisively resolved in Deng's favor in late 1978, which is generally taken as the start of the era of Chinese economic reform.
Although Chen was out of favor with the Mao regime and ultimately opposed to Deng's line, Chen was not a victim of public humiliation or abuse.
Deng's and more
Jiang grew ever more cautious, and rallied behind Deng's reforms completely.
Deng's and pragmatic
Discussions sprung up nationwide in government and military organizations, and Deng's novel and pragmatic stance gained increasing popularity.
Deng's and policies
Liu was also very close to Deng Xiaoping as his modernization efforts were very much in keeping with Deng's national policies.
Although Mao Zedong Thought nominally remains the state ideology, Deng's admonition to seek truth from facts means that state policies are judged on their practical consequences ; the role of ideology in determining policy, in many areas, has thus been considerably reduced.
Deng's market socialism, especially in its early stages, was in some ways parallel to Lenin's New Economic Policy and Bukharin's economic policies, in that they all foresaw a role for private entrepreneurs and markets based on trade and pricing rather than government mandates of production.
Deng's policies opened up the economy to foreign investment and market allocation within a socialist framework, and put into practice a daring and unprecedented system that allowed free enterprise and capitalist ideas to grow and compensate for each other under a single-party political system.
Deng's and Hu
Hu published an article in the Guangming Daily, making clever use of Mao's quotations while lauding Deng's ideas.
Yang had a close friendship with Deng and shared many of Deng's long-term economic goals, but was far less enthusiastic about the agenda of political liberalization promoted by other senior leaders favoured by Deng, including Hu Yaobang, Zhao Ziyang, Wan Li, and Hu Qili.
On May 11, 1978, the Guangming Daily newspaper published an article, inspected by Deng's supporter Hu Yaobang, titled " Practice sets the only Standard to Examine Truth ".
Deng's and many
An dismissed Deng's clan members from office, exiled them and forced many to commit suicide.
At the same time, Jiang elevated many of his supporters from Shanghai to high government positions, after regaining Deng's confidence.
Yang then began an organized attempt to fill as many senior military positions as possible with his supporters, generating an attitude of resentment among other military elders, who accused Yang of attempting to dominate the army and possibly challenge Deng's authority by developing a " Yang family clique ".
During a Politburo meeting in March 1977, many members voiced support for Deng's return, to no avail.
Recently the Conservative Hu-Wen Administration rolled back many of Deng's reforms, leaving observers dubbing 2008 the " third anniversary of the end of reform.
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