Administrative law in the People's Republic of China was virtually non-existent before the economic reform era initiated by Deng Xiaoping.

Deng Xiaoping outmaneuvered Mao's anointed successor chairman Hua Guofeng, and gradually emerged as the de facto leader over the next few years.

Deng Xiaoping was the Paramount Leader of China from 1978 to 1992, although he never became the head of the party or state, and his influence within the Party led the country to significant economic reforms.

From the time of Deng Xiaoping onwards, there has been a drift of focus towards a Marxist-inspired, moderated by Conficianism, nationalist perspective, and consideration of China's contemporary international status became of paramount importance in historical studies.

The Communist Party's ideology was redefined under Deng Xiaoping to incorporate principles of market economics, and the corresponding reforms enabled rapid and sustained economic growth.

The party's organizational structure was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution and rebuilt afterwards by Deng Xiaoping, who subsequently initiated " Socialism with Chinese characteristics " and brought all state apparatuses back under the rule of the CPC.

During the 1980s and 1990s there was a Central Advisory Commission established by Deng Xiaoping which consisted of senior retired leaders, but with their death this has been abolished since 1992.

Following the death of Mao in 1976, however, the CPC under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping moved towards Socialism with Chinese characteristics and instituted Chinese economic reform.

Deng's vision for economic success and a new socialist market model became entrenched in the Party constitution in 1997 as Deng Xiaoping Theory.

Deng Xiaoping at age 16, studying in France.

cy: Deng Xiaoping

da: Deng Xiaoping

de: Deng Xiaoping

et: Deng Xiaoping

es: Deng Xiaoping

eo: Deng Xiaoping

eu: Deng Xiaoping

fr: Deng Xiaoping

id: Deng Xiaoping

is: Deng Xiaoping

it: Deng Xiaoping

jv: Deng Xiaoping

ku: Deng Xiaoping

nl: Deng Xiaoping

The Deng ( or Dengba, Chinese transcription of Taraon-Kaman languages: 代巴玫 ; Chinese: 僜人 ; Hanyu pinyin: Dèng Rén ) are not officially recognised by the government of People's Republic of China.

Most commonly, it is an alternate spelling of the Chinese surname Deng ( 鄧 / 邓, Dèng ) used especially in Taiwan based on the Wade-Giles transliteration of Mandarin Chinese.

Hua spearheaded what became known as the Two Whatevers, namely, “ Whatever policy originated from Chairman Mao, we must continue to support ,” and “ Whatever directions were given to us from Chairman Mao, we must continue to follow .” Like Deng, Hua wanted to reverse the damage of the Cultural Revolution ; but unlike Deng, who wanted to propose new economic models for China, Hua intended to move the Chinese economic and political system towards Soviet-style planning of the early 1950s.

On October 10, Deng Xiaoping personally wrote a letter to Hua asking to be transferred back to state and party affairs ; party elders also called for Deng's return.

Maoism can also refer to the egalitarianism that was seen during Mao's era as opposed to the free-market ideology of Deng Xiaoping ; some scholars additionally define personality cults and political sloganeering as " Maoist " practices.

While it continues to be lauded to be the major force that defeated " imperialism and feudalism " and created a " New China " by the Communist Party of China, the ideology survives only in name on the Communist Party's Constitution ; Deng Xiaoping abolished most Maoist practices in 1978, advancing a guiding ideology called " Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

Zhou had kept in touch with Deng Yingchao, who he had met in the Awakening Society while in Tianjin ; and, in January 1925, Zhou asked for and received permission from CCP authorities to marry Deng.

When Deng was temporarily recalled to Beijing, from 1973 – 1976, he also recalled Hu ; but, when Deng was purged again, in 1976, Hu was also purged.

After the Cultural Revolution was announced, most of the most senior members of the CPP who had voiced any hesitation in following Mao's direction, including Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping, were removed from their posts almost immediately ; and, with their families, subjected to mass criticism and humiliation.

After Mao died in 1976, Hua Guofeng gave a speech praising Mao's suppression of " Right and ' Left ' Opportunist lines of the Party " as one of the late Chairman's greatest achievements: Chen's was the first person to be named as being correctly suppressed ; Deng Xiaoping was the last.

Thus in 1982, China perceivably had four main leaders: Hu Yaobang, the Party General Secretary ; Zhao Ziyang, the Premier ; Li Xiannian, the President ; and Deng Xiaoping, the " Paramount Leader ", holding title of the CMC Chairman.

*** Deng Xiaoping 鄧小平 / 邓小平 ( 1904-1997 ; Guang An, Sichuan ; Hakka pronunciation: Thien Siau Phin ), a prominent Chinese revolutionary, politician, pragmatist and reformer, as well as the late leader of the Communist Party of China ( CPC ).

The economic reforms of Deng Xiaoping initially focused on the south coast of China, in Guangdong province, which soon left Jiangsu behind ; starting from the 1990s they were applied more evenly to the rest of China.

He had three sons by Princess Ngo Fa of Ayutthaya ; Prince Lan Kham Deng, Prince Sai, Prince Khamteam.

Deng ruled as paramount leader although he never held the top title of the party, and was able to remove three party leaders ; some members of Eight Elders were instrumental in removing Hu Yaobang in 1987, and Zhao Ziyang in 1989.

* Son and daughters of Deng Xiaoping: Deng Pufang ( 邓朴方 ), chairman of the Handicapped Association ; Deng Nan ( 邓楠 ), former vice minister Science and Technology

Mao died in 1976 ; and, following a brief power struggle, Peng's former ally, Deng Xiaoping, emerged as the paramount leader of China.

He believed that although Sun Ce was a rising power, he was threatened in the west by Huang Zu, who was defeated but not eliminated, in the north by Chen Deng, governor of Guangling ( 廣陵 ; present-day Yangzhou, Jiangsu ), and in the south by indigenous tribes yet to be assimilated.