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Dollfuss and was
Engelbert Dollfuss ( in German: Engelbert Dollfuß ; October 4, 1892 – July 25, 1934 ) was an Austrian Christian Social and Patriotic Front statesman.
Dollfuss was assassinated as part of a failed coup attempt by Nazi agents in 1934.
He was born in Texing in Lower Austria to unmarried mother Josepha Dollfuss and her lover Joseph Weninger.
Dollfuss, who was raised as a devout Roman Catholic, was shortly in seminary before deciding to study law at the University of Vienna and then economics at the University of Berlin.
Dollfuss had difficulty gaining admission into the Austro-Hungarian army in World War I because he was only 153 cm tall.
( One of the founders of the CS was a hero of Dollfuss ', Karl Freiherr von Vogelsang.
In late May 1932, with the resignation of Karl Buresch's Christian-Social government, Dollfuss, age 39 and with only one year's experience in the Federal government, was offered the office of Chancellor by President Wilhelm Miklas, also a member of the Christian-Social Party.
Dollfuss was sworn in on May 20, 1932, as head of a coalition government between the Christian-Social Party, the Landbund — a right-wing agrarian party — and Heimatblock, the parliamentary wing of the Heimwehr, a paramilitary ultra-nationalist group.
Dollfuss ' majority in Parliament was marginal ; his government had only a one-vote majority.
Dollfuss was concerned that with German National Socialist leader Adolf Hitler becoming Chancellor of Germany in 1933, the Austrian National Socialists ( DNSAP ) could gain a significant minority in future elections ( according to fascism scholar Stanley G. Payne, should elections have been held in 1933, the DNSAP could have mustered about 25 % of the votes-contemporary TIME analysts suggests a higher support of 50 %, with a 75 % approval rate in the Tyrol region bordering Nazi Germany ).
Dollfuss always stressed the similarity of the regimes of Hitler in Germany and Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union, and was convinced that Austrofascism and Italian fascism could counter totalitarian national socialism and communism in Europe.
The assassination of Dollfuss was accompanied by uprisings in many regions in Austria, resulting in further deaths.
Kurt Schuschnigg, previously Minister of Education was appointed new chancellor of Austria after a few days, assuming the office from Dollfuss ' deputy Starhemberg.
Dollfuss was a very short man and his diminutive stature ( 155 cm = 5 ' 2 " or 150 cm = 4 ' 11 " according to the New York Times ) was the object of satire ; among his nicknames were ' Millimetternich ' ( making a portmanteau out of millimeter and Metternich ), and the " Jockey ".
With threats of an armed uprising against the Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss ( he was assassinated by Nazis the following year ) and the killing of over 1, 000 civilians by troops, Philby's British passport became still more valuable.
The city was a stage to the Austrian Civil War of 1934, when Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss sent the Austrian Army to shell civilian housing occupied by the socialist militia.
However it gradually degenerated into a fascist dictatorship between 1933-1934 under Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss, who was assassinated by Nazis in 1934.
Most of the members of the Austrian People's party during its founding belonged to the former Fatherland Front, which was led by chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss, also a member of the Christian Social Party before the Anschluss.
There was even a possibility of a Habsburg restoration under the Austrian Chancellors Engelbert Dollfuss and Kurt Schuschnigg, with Crown Prince Otto visiting Austria numerous times.
The assassinated chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss was commemorated in both 1934 and 1936.
A successful lawyer, he was invited to join the cabinet of Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss in 1933.
In 1934, when the Socialist Party was banned by the Dollfuss dictatorship, he became active in underground political work.

Dollfuss and on
Dollfuss banned the DNSAP in June 1933 and the communists later on.
While Heimwehr leader Starhemberg briefly assumed power as Vice Chancellor, Kurt Schuschnigg was appointed Dollfuss ' successor by President Miklas on 29 July, ousting Starhemberg from the government completely in 1936, before surrendering to Nazi pressure in March 1938.
The Nazis responded by assassinating Engelbert Dollfuss on July 25, 1934 ( see Maiverfassung 1934 ).
Fascist Italy had good relations with Austria under Dollfuss and Mussolini suspected German involvement and promised the Austrofascist regime military support if Germany were to invade, as the Nazis had claims on Italian-administered Tyrol.
The successor to Dollfuss, Kurt Schuschnigg, maintained the ban on Nazi activities, but also banned Austria's national paramilitary force, the Heimwehr in 1936.

Dollfuss and July
* July 25Austrian Nazis assassinate chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss during a failed coup attempt.
Kurt Alois Josef Johann Schuschnigg ( until 1919 Kurt Alois Josef Johann Edler von Schuschnigg, 14 December 1897 – 18 November 1977 ) was Chancellor of the First Austrian Republic, following the assassination of his predecessor, Dr. Engelbert Dollfuss, in July 1934, until Nazi Germany ’ s annexing of Austria, ( Anschluss ), in March 1938.

Dollfuss and 1934
Dollfuss staged a parliamentary session with just his party members present in April 1934 to have his new constitution approved, effectively the second constitution in the world espousing corporatist ideas ( after that of the Portuguese Estado Novo ).
* 1934 – The Nazis assassinate Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss in a failed coup attempt.
* 1892 – Engelbert Dollfuss, Austrian politician ( d. 1934 )
On 14 November Dorothy Thompson, who in 1934 had become the first American journalist to be expelled from Nazi Germany, made an impassioned broadcast to an estimated 5 million listeners in defence of Grynszpan, pointing out that the Nazis themselves had made heroes of the assassins of Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss and German Foreign Minister Walther Rathenau.
Following Dollfuss ' murder in 1934, he became a State Councillor from 1937 under Kurt von Schuschnigg.
And in 1934, estranging himself from some of his followers, he supported Engelbert Dollfuss ' coup d ' état that established Austrian fascist
The authoritarian Catholic, anti-Nazi Vaterländische Front government of autonomous Austria had been in alliance with Mussolini, and in 1934 the assassination of Austria's authoritarian president Engelbert Dollfuss had already successfully invoked Italian military assistance in case of a German invasion.
In the aftermath of the 1934 Austrian Civil War, the Krampus tradition was prohibited by the Dollfuss regime under the Fatherland Front ( Vaterländische Front ) and the Christian Social Party.
After Engelbert Dollfuss created the Fatherland Front in 1934, he gained control over and incorporated the Heimwehr into other right-wing militaries with the help of Heimwehr leader Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg.
* Austria: Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss ( March 1933-1 May 1934 )
On May 1, 1934, Dollfuss created a one-party state, to be led by the Fatherland Front (), with the proclamation of the authoritarian " May Constitution ".

Dollfuss and by
Dollfuss escaped an assassination attempt in October 1933 by Rudolf Dertill, a 22-year old who had been ejected from the military for his national socialist views.
The Nazi assassins in Vienna, after declaring the formation of a new government under Austrian Nazi Anton Rintelen, previously exiled by Dollfuss as Austrian Ambassador to Rome, surrendered after threats from Austrian military of blowing up the Chancellery using dynamite, and were subsequently tried and executed through hanging.
* Dollfuss: An Austrian Patriot by Father Johannes Messner at Angelus Press
* 1933 – The Parliament of Austria is suspended because of a quibble over procedure – Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss initiates an authoritarian rule by decree.
** The Parliament of Austria is suspended because of a quibble over procedure ; Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss initiates authoritarian rule by decree ( see Austrofascism ).
In 1933 he joined the Fatherland Front, a right-wing coalition led by Engelbert Dollfuss.
Examples of dictatorships and political movements involving certain elements of clerical fascism include the Croatian Ustaše movement, Obraz in Serbia, António Salazar in Portugal, Engelbert Dollfuss in Austria, Jozef Tiso in Slovakia, Getúlio Vargas in Brazil, the Iron Guard movement in Romania ( which was led by the devoutly Orthodox Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, the Rexists in Belgium and Vichy France.
Following the occupation and annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany, the country's monarchists ( i. e. supporters of Otto von Habsburg as the rightful Emperor-King and the rule of the House of Habsburg ), conservatives as well as supporters of Engelbert Dollfuss ' Austrofascist regime, were severely persecuted by the Nazis, as they were seen as opponents of the Nazi regime.
Both parties lost ground with the rise of Nazism in the 1930s and were later dissolved by the regime of Engelbert Dollfuss.
The law had never been explicitly revoked and was now used by the Dollfuss government to inaugurate an authoritarian state.
The assassination of Dollfuss was accompanied by Nazi uprisings in many regions in Austria, resulting in further deaths.
According to some historians, Austrofascism was a contrived and desperate attempt to " out-Hitler " (" überhitlern ") the Nazis, a term used by Dollfuss himself.

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