During the 1930s, Gelli volunteered for the " Black Shirts " expeditionary forces sent by Mussolini to Spain in support of Francisco Franco's rebellion, and subsequently became a liaison officer between the Italian government and the Third Reich, with contacts including Hermann Göring.

During the Second Spanish Republic, it was known as the Copa del Presidente de la República ( President of the Republic Cup ) or Copa de España ( Spanish Cup ) and during the years of Francisco Franco's dictatorship, it was known as the Copa de Su Excelencia El Generalísimo or Copa del Generalísimo (( His Excellency ) The Supreme General's Cup ).

During Franco's dictatorship, the colony was made into a Spanish province in order to forestall U. N. criticism of continued colonization.

During the 1960s, the Anarchist Black Cross was reformed in Britain by Stuart Christie and Albert Meltzer with a focus on providing aid for anarchist prisoners in Francisco Franco's Spain.

During Franco's rule members of the PSOE were persecuted, with many leaders, members and supporters being imprisoned or exiled and even executed.

* 1936 – 1975: During the Spanish Civil War, the Carlists were part of Franco's coalition.

During the Franco regime, some government ministers were drawn from Franco's Carlist supporters, but the movement as a whole was gradually marginalized by the general.

During the Spanish Civil War, seen by many as a testing ground for the Second World War, he provided troops, weapons and other aid to Francisco Franco's nationalists.

During his college years, he joined different activist groups that were seeking to rebuild the ideal Catalonia that the Spanish Civil War and Franco's dictatorship had undermined.

During the tenure of Richard Thomas as Commissioner, the ICO was particularly noted for raising serious concerns over the Government's proposed British national identity card and database, as well as other similar databases such as the Citizen Information Project, Universal Child Database, and the NHS National Programme for IT, stating that the country is in danger of sleepwalking into a surveillance society, drawing attention to the misuse of such information by the former states of the Eastern bloc and Francisco Franco's Spain.

During the following years, and mainly due to Franco's regime oppression against the Catalan people and culture, the movement gained more sympathizers.

During the 1960s he returned to underground political activities involving Valencian nationalism and, as a result, he became a political prisoner of Francisco Franco's dictatorship from 1966 to 1968.

During the last decade of Franco's rule, there was a resurgence of nationalist sentiment in Catalonia and other ' historic ' regions of Spain such as the Basque country.

During Francisco Franco's dictatorship they were appointed rather than elected.

During Francisco Franco's era las Hurdes entered a time of economic stagnation and population loss, as urban centers and some areas close to the coast were favored for development much to the detriment of rural Spain.

During the first 20 years of his rule, Abd ar-Rahman avoided military action against the northern Christian kingdoms, Asturias and Navarre.

During the end of the 9th century, the Samanids extended its rule from Bukhara to as far south as the Indus River and west into most of Persia.

During the end of the 9th century, the Samanids extended its rule from Bukhara to as far south as the Indus River and west into most of Persia.

During the final decades of imperial rule, the troops were supplied by Germanic chieftains employed by the Roman administration.

During his rule, members of Yakoma were granted all key positions in the administration and made up a majority of the military.

During Patassé ’ s rule they were becoming increasingly marginalised, while Patassé created militias favouring his own Gbaya tribe, as well as neighbouring Sara and Kaba.

During this period, the harsh rule of the Spanish loyalists, who punished suspected rebels, drove more and more Chileans into the insurrectionary camp.

During the Han Dynasty, Confucianism developed from an ethical system into a political ideology used to legitimize the rule of the political elites.

During Chiang's rule, attacks on foreigners by Kuomintang forces flared up in several incidents.

During the rule of Mughal Emperor Akbar, it became a proper productive unit.

During the first years in power, under Lenin's rule, the Central Committee was the key decision-making body in both practice and theory, and decisions were made through majority votes.

During Stalin's rule they were specialised.

During his short rule, he replaced more than one-fifth of the Soviet ministers and regional party first secretaries and more than one-third of the department heads within the Central Committee apparatus.

During the rule of Henry VIII an Act of Parliament declared that ' this realm of England is an Empire ... governed by one Supreme Head and King having the dignity and royal estate of the imperial Crown of the same '.

During the Edo period, the shogunate appointed administrators ( machi bugyō ) with jurisdiction over the police and ( beginning with the rule of Tokugawa Yoshimune ) the fire department ( machibikeshi ).

During the Napoleonic Wars, Freikorps were formed for the purpose of shaking off French rule in Germany.

During the 17th century, the French fabulist Jean de La Fontaine ( 1621 – 1695 ) saw the soul of the fable in the moral — a rule of behavior.

During each of the next two years, he led his 8-legion army into Germany against the coalition of tribes led by Arminius, which had successfully overthrown Roman rule in a rebellion in 9.

During the 1980s, calls for greater independence from Moscow's rule grew louder.

During the Piast dynasty rule ( 10th – 14th century ), Poland was formed and established as a state and a nation.

During the whole interwar period, the British, appealing to the terms of the Mandate, rejected the principle of majority rule or any other measure that would give the Arab majority control over the government of Palestine.

During the first five years of Humayun's reign, these two rulers were quietly extending their rule, although Sultan Bahadur faced pressure in the east from sporadic conflicts with the Portuguese.

During the Yugoslav Wars, nearly every single nation that had ties with Serbia, had broken off diplomacy for the wars in Yugoslavia, and the rule of Slobodan Milošević.

* During the rule of Girolamo Savonarola in Florence between 1494 and 1497, the Bonfire of the Vanities took place.

During his short reign, peace was established both at home and abroad, finances were well regulated, and the various administrative services were placed on a basis that afterwards enabled Spain to pass through the disastrous war with the United States without the threat of a revolution.

During his reign, Spain lost its last colonies in the Americas ( Cuba and Puerto Rico ) and the Philippines ; fought and, after several setbacks, won a war in Morocco ; witnessed the start of the Spanish Generation of 1927, and endured the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera.

During the First World War, because of his family connections with both sides and the division of popular opinion, Spain remained neutral.

During the later part of first millennium BC the use of brass spread across a wide geographical area from Britain and Spain in the west to Iran, and India in the east.

During most of the colonial period, Costa Rica was the southernmost province of the Captaincy General of Guatemala, which was nominally part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain ( i. e., Mexico ), but which in practice operated as a largely autonomous entity within the Spanish Empire.

During the Middle Ages, cumin fell out of favour in Europe, except in Spain and Malta.

During his sojourn in Palencia, Spain experienced a dreadful famine, prompting Dominic to sell all of his beloved books and other equipment to help his neighbors.

During the First World War, German troops retreated into this territory from Kamerun because Spain was neutral during the war.

During 1900 it was adopted by Germany, by Russia in 1904, the British West Indies in 1905, Spain in 1906, Belgium in 1909, Argentina in 1912, and Romania in 1913.

* 1607 25 April – During the Eighty Years ' War between the United Provinces and the King of Spain, a Dutch fleet surprised and engaged a Spanish fleet anchored at the Bay of Gibraltar ( Battle of Gibraltar ).

During most of the 18th century Spain had arrested its relative decline of the latter part of the 17th century.

During the 1960s, Spain began imposing restrictions on Gibraltar, culminating in the closure of the border in 1969.

During World War II, the Spanish Falangist media agitated for irredentism claiming for Spain the French Navarre, French Basque Country and Roussillon ( French Catalonia ) as well.

During the course of all three periods, Ribbentrop met frequently with leaders and diplomats from Italy, Japan, Romania, Spain, Bulgaria, and Hungary.

During his talks with the Spanish foreign minister, Ramón Serrano Súñer, Ribbentrop affronted Súñer with his tactless behaviour, especially his suggestion that Spain cede the Canary Islands to Germany.

During the next hundred years three schools of tablature notation developed gradually: Italian ( also employed in Spain ), German and French.

During the economic collapse of the seventeenth century Spain had little coherent economic policy, but French mercantilist policies were imported by Philip V with some success.

During the late 18th century up until the mid-19th century, Italian opera was immensely popular in Spain, supplanting the native form.

During this period, together with his uncle, he took part in many naval wars of the Ottoman Empire against Spain, the Republic of Genoa and the Republic of Venice, including the First Battle of Lepanto ( Battle of Zonchio ) in 1499 and Second Battle of Lepanto ( Battle of Modon ) in 1500.

During the minority of Charles V, Adrian was named to serve with Cardinal Francisco Jimenez de Cisneros as co-regent of Spain.

During this period, Charles V left for the Netherlands in 1520, making the future pope Regent of Spain, during which time he had to deal with the Revolt of the Comuneros.

During the reign of Pope Innocent X ( 1644 – 55 ), who was hostile to the Barberini and their adherents, Rospigliosi continued his appointment as papal nuncio to the court of Spain.

During the night of 2 – 3 April 1767, all the Jesuit houses of Spain were suddenly surrounded, the inhabitants arrested, shipped to the ports in the clothes they were wearing and bundled onto ships for Civitavecchia.

During the previous pontificate the Jesuits had been expelled from Portugal and from all the Bourbon courts: France, Spain, Naples, and Parma ; now the general suppression of the order was urged by the faction called the " court cardinals ", who were opposed by the diminished pro-Jesuit faction, the Zelanti (" zealous "), who were generally opposed to the encroaching secularism of the Enlightenment.