During his PhD Alec rebuilt the SEM fitting a magnetic final lens in place of the original electrostatic lens thereby improving the microscope ’ s resolution to about 10 nm, and after examining ion etched surfaces, used the microscope ’ s electron beam for the first time to write patterns, subsequently using ion etching to transfer these patterns into gold, tungsten and silicon structures as small as 40 nm.

During the scan V < sub > DC </ sub > will be adjusted so that the electrostatic forces between the tip and the sample become zero and thus the response at the frequency ω becomes zero.

During the discharge the magnetic forces set up by the passage of current cause the edges of the foil to roll inward toward its center line, thus allowing light to pass into the camera.

During their return trip from the Pacific Ocean, expedition member John Colter was given an early discharge so he could join two fur trappers who were heading west in search of beaver pelts.

During discharge, the angular momentum contained in the energy flow is depleted as it is transferred to the charges of the discharge current crossing the magnetic field.

During the strike, successive portions of air become a conductive discharge channel as the electrons and positive ions of air molecules are pulled away from each other and forced to flow in opposite directions.

During last 25 years many interstitial hydrides were developed that readily absorb and discharge hydrogen at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

During the typical PCP's discharge cycle, the hammer of the rifle is released by the sear to strike the valve.

During World War II, he enlisted in the military as Ralph David, and rose to the rank of Platoon Sergeant before earning an honorable discharge as a result of his bout of rheumatic fever in Europe.

During the glow discharge region, the air becomes a conductor.

* During discharge on load, the load has to be removed as soon as the voltage drops below approximately 3. 0 V per cell ( used in a series combination ), or else the battery will subsequently no longer accept a full charge and may experience problems holding voltage under load.

During March and April 1961, in an abortive attempt to beef up RLAF firepower, 18 U. S. Air Force officers volunteered for discharge and entry into Operation Mill Pond.

* During September 1901, after Leon Czolgosz's shooting, on the 6th, in Buffalo, New York, of President William McKinley, Vice President Theodore Roosevelt was summoned to Buffalo, but no action was taken to permit him to discharge McKinley's duties during his final days.

* During floods, water discharge can increase up to 11-fold, to more than 6, 800 m³ / s.

During the whole time in which public money was in his hands, from the day of receipt until the issue of his final discharge, the Quietus of the Pipe Office, his private estate was liable for the money in his hands ; and failing the Quietus this liability remained without limit of time, passing on his death to his legal representatives.

During peak flow in the spring, the difference in discharge between the two halves of the watershed becomes even more marked.

During the trial, the role of the French secret services in the 1995 coup against Saïd Djohar was recognized, but not deemed sufficient to discharge the mercenaries of their guilt.

During low flow periods, the river's discharge was between and while maximum spring runoff flows were around.

During an epilepsy and intensive care study, the lack of a preceding spike discharge measured on an epilepsy monitoring unit, along with the presence only at sleep onset, helped differentiate hypnic jerks from epileptic myoclonus.

During the wet season it may extend to over 130, 000 km², depending on the inflowing waters, with the discharge from Lake Victoria being the main control factor of flood levels and area inundation.

During the 1960s increase in Lake Victoria discharge, where flows at Mongalla have roughly doubled, the flows at Malakal at the northern end of the swamps had increased by 1. 5 times the previous average flow.

During World War II, Germany was the first nation to adopt a double-action pistol, the Walther P38 which could be carried loaded ( with a cartridge chambered ) and ready to fire without the risk of an accidental discharge if dropped.

During the discharge, the powerful electric sparks leave thousands of branching chains of fractures behind-creating a permanent Lichtenberg figure inside the specimen.

During winter, the average monthly discharge is 50mm throughout the season, with a touch of Seto Inland Sea-style climate being present.

During World War II the blue discharge became the discharge of choice for commanders seeking to remove homosexuals from the ranks.

During the intervening period, bmobile has obtained a virtual stranglehold on the cellular telecommunications market in the British Virgin Islands by a combination of low prices and aggressive advertising, as well as significant investment in infrastructure and technology.

During the English Civil War the Dutch stadtholder Frederick Henry had given major financial support to Charles I of England, to whom he had close family ties, and had often been on the brink of intervening with his powerful army.

During the intervening centuries, the Islamic Caliphate's authority expanded to encompass regions in Europe, Middle East, South Asia, Central Asia and northern Africa.

During the intervening time, The Beatles released two albums, A Hard Day's Night and Beatles for Sale, both of which could have included " Yesterday ".

During the intervening period, his formerly muscular physique had degenerated into fat.

During the intervening seven months, Petiot hid with friends, claiming that the Gestapo wanted him because he had killed Germans and informers.

During the intervening period, Chief Justice Dame Sian Elias was the Administrator of the Government ( acting governor-general ).

During the intervening age, the Terrestrial Exalted became the rulers of the world, ruling in a system not unlike the Shogunate of feudal Japan.

During the intervening 5 years it seems Barton may have assisted, perhaps supervised, the surveying the surrounding country for the Wellington Company.

During the intervening three years he tended to the herds and regained Giemma's trust.

During the intervening period he was elected to Waterford City Council, before returning to the Dáil at the 1992 general election.

During the Pleistocene era a succession of ice ages swept down across North America, with intervening warm periods.

During the intervening period Chidambaram made some experiments in his political career, leaving the Tamil Maanila Congress in 2001 and forming his own party, the Congress Jananayaka Peravai, largely focused on the regional politics of Tamil Nadu.

During the reign of Louis XVI, France faced a major economic crisis, partially initiated by the cost of intervening in the American Revolution, and exacerbated by a regressive system of taxation.

During the intervening centuries, Renquist survived not only on blood, but also by accepting jobs for various political and intelligence agencies.

During each of the 50 intervening hours, DJs read nine or more trivia questions over the air.

During the Islamic period and the intervening Crusades, there were 50 communities which included Jerusalem, Tiberias, Ramleh, Ashkelon, Caesarea, and Gaza.

During the intervening time, she amasses a substantial fortune, while plotting her revenge on humanity ; all the while being hunted by Canmore's descendants, who take up the mask of the Hunter.

During the intervening months, however, he provided glimpses of his erratic progress.

During the intervening years, although hampered by the Great Depression and World War II, he sought to expand the National Museum's exhibits, anthropological collections, and reputation, as well as to improve the recognition, understanding, and living conditions of Canada's native peoples.

During the intervening period, the station was renovated, and a diamond crossover switch was installed south of Rector Street, which would allow this station to be used as a terminal during construction of the new South Ferry station.

During the intervening seven years little has changed.

During the intervening period, the name of the unit is repeatedly mentioned in stone inscriptions, as are the names of some of its commanders.

During the intervening period the team came close to promotion on a number of occasions, and lost Promotion Playoff games in 1988-89 to arch-rivals Union 3-0 on aggregate, and in 1992-93 Colón lost the championship playoff, being defeated by Banfield and then failed to qualify through the secondary playoffs.