During the pontificate of Pius IX a strong Ultramontane movement arose against the French Breviaries of 1680 and 1736.

During the pontificate of Pope Paul III the Council fathers met for the first through eighth sessions in Trent ( 1545 – 7 ), and for the ninth through eleventh sessions in Bologna ( 1547 ).

During his short pontificate he played the part of a peacemaker ; he came to terms with the Emperor Frederick I in the vexing question of the appointment to the See of Magdeburg and closed the long quarrel, which had raged through four pontificates, about the appointment of William Fitzherbert ( commonly known as Saint William of York ) to the see of York by sending him the pallium in spite of the continued opposition of the powerful Cistercian order.

During the pontificate of Honorius, many of the tertiary orders first came into existence.

During his pontificate he largely continued to pursue the pro-French political policy of his predecessor, Pope Martin IV.

During the first few months of his pontificate he lived in the Vatican, but in the autumn of 1285 he removed to the magnificent palace he had just erected on the Aventine.

During his pontificate, in October 312, Constantine defeated Maxentius and assumed control over Rome.

During the pontificate of Boniface, Mellitus, the first Bishop of London, went to Rome " to consult the pope on important matters relative to the newly established English Church ".

During his pontificate, he added a new chapel to the Papal Palace and dedicated it to St. Peter.

During the previous pontificate the Jesuits had been expelled from Portugal and from all the Bourbon courts: France, Spain, Naples, and Parma ; now the general suppression of the order was urged by the faction called the " court cardinals ", who were opposed by the diminished pro-Jesuit faction, the Zelanti (" zealous "), who were generally opposed to the encroaching secularism of the Enlightenment.

During the pontificate of Pope Constantine Gregory was made a papal secretary, and accompanied him to Constantinople in 711 to deal with the issues raised by Rome ’ s rejection of the canons of the Quinisext Council.

During his pontificate vigorous measures were taken against the heresies which had broken out in Germany, England, and other parts of Europe ; a sincere effort was also made to cause a reformation in the various monastic orders.

During his pontificate, Gregory fostered cultural patronages associated with his papacy.

During the pontificate of Pope Zachary, he was ordained a priest, after which the pope decided to keep him to work at the Lateran Palace.

During his pontificate Rome was ravaged, and the churches of St. Peter and St. Paul were sacked by Saracens, who also assaulted Porto and Ostia in August 846.

He was ordained as a subdeacon by Pope Marinus I, followed by his being raised to the deaconate by Pope Stephen V. During the pontificate of Pope Formosus ( 891 – 896 ), he was a member of the party of nobles who supported the Emperor Lambert, who was the opponent of Formosus and the pope ’ s preferred imperial candidate, Arnulf of Carinthia.

During his pontificate, the Byzantine emperor John V Palaeologus offered to submit the Greek church to the Roman See on condition of assistance against John VI Cantacuzenus.

During nearly the whole of his pontificate, Eugene III was unable to reside in Rome.

During his brief pontificate, Leo granted the canons of Bologna a special papal bull ( epistola tuitionis ) where he exempted them from the payment of taxes.

During his brief pontificate, Leo confirmed the decisions of the Synod of Split.

During the pontificate of his political enemy Gregory XIII ( 1572 – 85 ,) Cardinal Montalto, as he was generally called, lived in enforced retirement, occupied with the care of his property, the Villa Montalto, erected by Domenico Fontana close to his beloved church on the Esquiline Hill, overlooking the Baths of Diocletian.

During the 17-year pontificate of Zephyrinus, the young Church endured severe persecution under the Emperor Severus until his death in the year 211.

During his pontificate the schism of Hippolytus of Rome came to an end.

During his pontificate, anti-Christian measures increased, although new churches were built and cemeteries were expanded.

During a visit of a delegation of Roman Catholic cardinals in Manhattan in January 2004, he said that “ a meeting like this doesn't signify in itself a breakthrough ”, and called for “ a theological dialogue that asks the tough questions, such as whether Catholicism allows for Jews to enter eternal paradise .”

During his three-year reign, King James II became directly involved in the political battles in England between Catholicism and Protestantism, on the one hand, and on the other, between the Divine Right of Kings and the political rights of the Parliament of England.

During the 19th century the gospel-song genre spread rapidly in Protestantism and, to a lesser but still definite extent, in Roman Catholicism ; the gospel-song genre is unknown in the worship per se by Eastern Orthodox churches, which rely exclusively on traditional chants ( a type of hymn ).

During his ten years in Vienna, Mahler — who had converted to Catholicism from Judaism to secure the post — experienced regular opposition and hostility from the anti-Semitic press.

During this time, he also converted to Roman Catholicism and joined the regime ’ s secret Cần Lao Party ; Diệm was thought to give preferential treatment to his co-religionists and Thiệu was accused of being one of many who converted for political advancement, although he claimed to have converted because his wife was a Catholic.

During the trial he renewed the faith of his childhood, Roman Catholicism, and claimed to have a series of religious experiences.

During the reign of Queen Mary I, Christ Church became a centre of Catholic support, and Harrison converted to Catholicism.

During Anne and James ' stays in Holland and France, respectively, they had both been exposed to Catholicism.

During the rule of the House of Stuart, much was done by the Court of Star Chamber to enforce religious edicts against Catholicism within the Inner Temple.

During this meeting Charles announced that he wished to officially convert to Catholicism and at the same time reunite his lands with the Roman Catholic Church.

During his time in Italy, he converted from Lutheranism to Catholicism.

During this period, however, Day began a time of spiritual awakening which would lead her to embrace Catholicism.

During the Reformation Lucerne remained attached to Roman Catholicism, of which ever since it has been the great stronghold in Switzerland.

During this period as a clandestine missionary in England he formed the conviction that the people was not set against Rome by choice, but by force and by circumstances ; and the majority were only too ready, in response to his sermons and ministrations, to return to Roman Catholicism.

During the Renaissance which provided the context for Machiavelli's writing, there was a general belief that European society, being contained at the margins by Islam and the rejection of Roman Catholicism by Greek Orthodox and Russian Orthodox faiths, and not yet having conquered and colonized the Americas, was inferior and only capable of recovering some of its former glory by reconsidering its past life.

During his trial he converted to Catholicism.

During his trial he converted to Catholicism.

During this time, a friend convinced the narrator to convert from Catholicism to the Baptist faith.

During this time, nearly 30 percent of believers left the Mariavite Church and converted back to Roman Catholicism.

During the show Church mocked Catholicism.

During Russia's Time of Troubles there was a plan by the conquering Polish monarchy ( of Latin Rite, not Uniate ) to convert all of Russia to Roman Catholicism.

During his rebellion, he converted from Arian Christianity to Roman Catholicism.

During this time, she became fluent in English and converted to Catholicism.

During the French Third Republic ( which began in 1870 ), the power and influence of French Catholicism steadily declined.