During the period of the Iberian Union ( 1580 – 1640 ), Portugal lost influence and power and made new enemies.

During the 1st millennium BC, they were spoken across Europe, in the Iberian Peninsula, from the Atlantic and North Sea coastlines, up the Rhine valley and down the Danube valley to the Black Sea, the Upper Balkan Peninsula, and in Galatia in Asia Minor.

During that period Christian kingdoms gradually took control over the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim kingdoms and with the fall of the Granadian emirate, the entire Iberian Peninsula was brought under Christian rule, while native Mozarabic Christian practices held for centuries in Muslim-ruled territory were first suppressed as early as 1080, by Alfonso VI of Castile, as Roman-rite Christian kingdoms advanced south.

During the first decades, Asturian control over the different areas of the kingdom was still weak, and for this reason it had to be continually strengthened through matrimonial alliances with other powerful families from the north of the Iberian Peninsula.

During the first decades, the Asturian dominion over the different areas of the kingdom was still lax, and for this reason it had to be continually strengthened through matrimonial alliances with other powerful families from the north of the Iberian Peninsula.

During this century, the Middle East, the coast of North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula rapidly come under Islamic Arab domination.

During the first decades, the Asturian dominion over the different areas of the kingdom was still lax, and for this reason it had to be continually strengthened through matrimonial alliances with other powerful families from the north of the Iberian Peninsula.

During the beginning of the 6th century, Pamplona probably stuck to an unstable self-rule, but in 541 Pamplona along with other northern Iberian cities was raided by the Franks.

During the ages of the Taifa kingdoms of the Iberian peninsula, Christian knights like El Cid could fight for some Muslim ruler against his Christian or Muslim enemies.

During his stay in Madrid, Marti frequented the Ateneo and the National Library, the Café de los Artistas, and the British, Swiss and Iberian breweries.

During the 16th and 17th centuries, Britain, France and Holland established their own overseas empires in direct competition with each other as well as the earlier Iberian ones, while the land-based Russian Empire expanded across northern and Central Asia.

During the Iberian and Lazic wars initiated in the Caucasus by Justinian I, it was noted by Procopius that Persian cataphract archers were adept at firing their arrows in very quick succession and saturating enemy positions but with little hitting power, resulting in mostly non-incapacitating limb wounds for the enemy.

During the 12th century, the city was extraordinarily important for its strategic position in the wars between the Kingdom of León and Arabs to conquer the Iberian Peninsula.

During Visigothic times, the city had served as a bishopric, and incorporating the city into Asturias brought legitimacy to the Asturian monarchs who sought to lead a unified Iberian church, during a time when most of the Iberian Peninsula was governed by Muslim powers.

During the centuries of Reconquista ( 711 – 1492 ), the Christian North of the Iberian Peninsula and the Southern Muslim-ruled Al Andalus battled internally and against each other.

During the period of Al-Andalus and Muslim caliphates, the Iberian peninsula was divided administratively into provinces ( kuwar ) and municipalities ( kurar ), along the lines of the Roman-Visigothic delineations.

During these periods, many of the prominent buildings were destroyed, rebuilt, re-purposed and closed on the whims of the monarchy, which progressively used architectural projects to support their power, remember past glories or expand their position in the Iberian peninsula.

During this ill-fated attempt he and most of Portugal's nobility were killed in the Battle of Ksar El Kebir in Morocco, eventually causing a succession crisis, that eventually resulted in the Iberian Union.

During William VIII's rule, the alliance with the southern kingdoms of modern Spain was a political priority as shown by the marriage of all his daughters to Iberian kings.

During this expedition he acquired a reputation as a leader of light troops and, in October 1807, sailed with Sir David Baird for the Iberian peninsula at the head of a light brigade.

During a brief Anglo-French peace, he journeyed to the Iberian Peninsula to aid Alfonso XI of Castile in the Reconquista.

During the Prehistoric period, the megalithic Iberian and Celtic architectures developed.

During the post-Phoenician era of the eighth century a palace was erected and a port was also constructed, which served the trade with the Greeks and the Levantines.

During the more recent Modern era and in the Post-Modern period the artillery crew has used wheeled or tracked vehicles as a mode of transportation.

During ancient times Aegina was a rival to Athens, the great sea power of the era.

During the Weimar era, Berlin became internationally renowned as a center of cultural transformation, at the heart of the Roaring Twenties.

During the Communist era, the army members enjoyed extensive social privileges.

During the 19th century the Liberal Party was broadly in favour of what would today be called classical liberalism: supporting laissez-faire economic policies such as free trade and minimal government interference in the economy ( this doctrine was usually termed ' Gladstonian Liberalism ' after the Victorian era Liberal Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone ).

During the era of McCarthyism, Chaplin was accused of " un-American activities " as a suspected communist.

During Mozi's era, war and famines were common, and population growth was seen as a moral necessity for a harmonious society.

During this brief era, when China was in all respects a multi-state system, five regimes rapidly succeeded one another in control of the old Imperial heartland in northern China.

During the era after the war, later called the Pax Mongolica, adventurous Westerners such as Marco Polo travelled all the way to China and brought the first reports of its wonders to Europe.

During this era, Chinese scholars attempted to incorporate Western philosophical ideologies such as democracy, Marxism, socialism, liberalism, republicanism, and nationalism into Chinese philosophy.

During the early computer era, Chinese characters were categorized by their radicals or Pinyin ( or romanization ), but results weren't completely satisfactory.

During this era, the Cottage was used for choir singing and marching bands along with other performances, and Mass.

During the 1930-60's era, Fulham often averaged over 45, 000.

During this period, which has become known as baseball's dead-ball era, Cub infielders Joe Tinker, Johnny Evers, and Frank Chance were made famous as a double-play combination by Franklin P. Adams ' poem Baseball's Sad Lexicon.

During the era Kingdom of Serbia, six censuses were conducted starting on 1884 and the last one being in 1910.

During this era, public authorities in Massachusetts dealt with the threat primarily by means of quarantine.

During the classical era of Buddhist philosophy in India, philosophers such as Dharmakirti argue for a dualism between states of consciousness and Buddhist atoms ( the basic building blocks that make up reality ), according to " the standard interpretation " of Dharmakirti's Buddhist metaphysics.

During the plantation era, Diego Garcia was home to large herds of Sicilian Donkeys ( Equus asinus ), dozens of horses ( Equus caballus ), hundreds of dogs ( Canis familiaris ) and house cats ( Felis catus ).

During the Cold War era, the United States was keen to establish a military base in the Indian Ocean to counter Soviet influence in the region and protect the sea-lanes for oil transportation from the Middle East.

During this dark era in franchise history, the team was derisively known as the " Dead Wings " or " Dead Things ".

During Mozi's era, war and famines were common, and population growth was seen as a moral necessity for a harmonious society.

During the second era ( 7th – 9th editions, 1827 – 1901 ), the Britannica was managed by the Edinburgh publishing firm, A & C Black.

During this period and into the Jacobean era that followed, the English theatre reached its highest peaks.

During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989.