During his reign, Spain lost its last colonies in the Americas ( Cuba and Puerto Rico ) and the Philippines ; fought and, after several setbacks, won a war in Morocco ; witnessed the start of the Spanish Generation of 1927, and endured the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera.

During this time, his parents took part in the Spanish Civil War in supporting rather than fighting roles.

During this period, the harsh rule of the Spanish loyalists, who punished suspected rebels, drove more and more Chileans into the insurrectionary camp.

During most of the colonial period, Costa Rica was the southernmost province of the Captaincy General of Guatemala, which was nominally part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain ( i. e., Mexico ), but which in practice operated as a largely autonomous entity within the Spanish Empire.

During the first century of development, the Spanish dominance was undisputed.

In 1704 like the rest of the tercios, the Spanish dragoons were reorganised into regiments by Felipe V. During the 18th century several additional regiments of dragoons were created in the Spanish Americas, some of them to function as a police force.

During colonial times, the Spanish decided that El Salvador would produce and export indigo, but after the invention of synthetic dyes in the 19th century, Salvadoran authorities and the newly created modern state turned to coffee as the main export of the economy.

During the Dutch Revolt, Eindhoven changed hands between the Dutch and the Spanish several times during which it was burned down by renegade Spanish soldiers, until finally in 1583 it was captured once more by Spanish troops and its city walls were demolished.

* 1607 25 April – During the Eighty Years ' War between the United Provinces and the King of Spain, a Dutch fleet surprised and engaged a Spanish fleet anchored at the Bay of Gibraltar ( Battle of Gibraltar ).

* 1704 1 August ( NS ): ( 21 July ( OS )) – During the War of the Spanish Succession, and when returning from a failed expedition to Barcelona, an Anglo-Dutch fleet, under the command of Sir George Rooke, chief commander of the Alliance Navy, began a new siege ( the eleventh siege of the town ).

* During the Peninsular War, contingents from the Gibraltar Garrison were sent to aid Spanish resistance to the French at Cádiz and Tarifa.

During the 17th century, the Caribs fought against the Spanish settlers and repelled them.

During the War of the Spanish Succession Alberoni laid the foundation of his political success by the services he rendered to Louis-Joseph, duc de Vendôme, commander of the French forces in Italy, to whom the duke of Parma had sent him.

During the American charge up San Juan and Kettle Hills, the three guns fired a total of 18, 000. 30 Army rounds in eight and one-half minutes ( an average of over 700 rpm per gun ) against Spanish troop positions along the crest of both hills, wreaking terrible carnage.

During the decade of 1780, the Spanish regained control of the Bay Islands and took most of the British and their allies in the Black River area.

During the 16th century, the Spanish and Austrian Habsburgs were the dominant power in Europe.

During the Spanish Civil War, he went to fight with the anarchists but was imprisoned and was helped on his release by Emma Goldman.

During the late 1880s, the strong influence of Spanish style is evident in Albéniz's music.

During World War II, the Spanish Falangist media agitated for irredentism claiming for Spain the French Navarre, French Basque Country and Roussillon ( French Catalonia ) as well.

During his talks with the Spanish foreign minister, Ramón Serrano Súñer, Ribbentrop affronted Súñer with his tactless behaviour, especially his suggestion that Spain cede the Canary Islands to Germany.

During the Achaemenid Persian Empire, around 600 BC the Persians first began to use the abacus.

During this persecution many bishops were exiled to the other ends of the Empire, ( e. g., St Hilary of Poitiers to the Eastern provinces ).

During Alexius II's reign, the Byzantine Empire was invaded by King Bela III losing Syrmia and Bosnia to the Kingdom of Hungary in AD 1181, later even Dalmatia was lost to the Venetians.

During his reign, Jerusalem became more closely allied with the Byzantine Empire, and the two states launched an unsuccessful invasion of Egypt.

During the first invasion, Thrace, Macedon and the Aegean Islands were added to the Persian Empire, and Eretria was duly destroyed.

* Mann, Horace, K. The Lives of the Popes in the Early Middle Ages, Vol III: The Popes During the Carolingian Empire, 858 – 891.

During his reign, Bayezid II consolidated the Ottoman Empire and thwarted a Safavid rebellion soon before abdicating his throne to his son, Selim I.

During the days of the Roman Empire, the settlement of Augusta Raurica was founded 10 or 20 kilometres upstream of present Basel, and a castle was built on the hill overlooking the river where the Basel Münster now stands.

During the Roman Empire, Roman concrete ( or opus caementicium ) was made from quicklime, pozzolana and an aggregate of pumice.

During his reign the Empire conquered Thrace, Noricum, Pamphylia, Lycia and Judaea, and began the conquest of Britain.

During his reign, the Empire annexed the Kingdom of Mauretania and made it into a province.

During the American Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ), the Union feared that the seceded Confederate States of America ( CSA ) would plan a northerly attack from Canada, which was still owned by the British Empire and remained neutral in the war.

During the Roman Empire, legionaries were issued a pugio ( from the Latin pugnō, or “ fight ”), a double-edged iron thrusting dagger with a blade of 7-12 inches.

During his reign, he also set about creating the Second Mexican Empire ( headed by his choice of Maximilian I of Mexico, a member of the House of Habsburg ), to regain France's hold in the Americas and to achieve greatness for the ' Latin ' race.

During the rule of Henry VIII an Act of Parliament declared that ' this realm of England is an Empire ... governed by one Supreme Head and King having the dignity and royal estate of the imperial Crown of the same '.

During the Siege of Paris in 1871, the North German Confederation, supported by its allies from southern Germany, formed the German Empire with the proclamation of the Prussian king Wilhelm I as German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles, to the humiliation of the French, who ceased to resist only days later.

During the history of the Byzantine Empire, the Greek peninsula was occasionally invaded by the foreign peoples like Goths, Avars, Slavs, Normans, Franks and other Romance-speaking peoples who had betrayed the Crusades.

During the last years of the Russian Empire, in the early 20th century, many authors continued to write in the gothic fiction genre, including historian and historical fiction writer Alexander Valentinovich Amfiteatrov, Leonid Nikolaievich Andreyev, who developed psychological characterization, symbolist Valery Yakovlevich Bryusov, Alexander Grin, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov and Aleksandr Ivanovich Kuprin.

During its 47 years of existence, the German Empire operated as an industrial, technological and scientific giant, receiving more Nobel Prizes in science than Britain, France, Russia and the United States combined.

During the Thirty Years ' War, George William tried to remain neutral between the Roman Catholic forces of the Holy Roman Empire and the Protestant principalities.

During the later years of the Roman Empire, the Germanic peoples of northern Europe grew in strength to rival the Empire itself, and repeated organized attacks led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, a date which traditionally marks the end of the classical period, and the start of the middle ages.