During his tenure as abbot, he supported the abbey with gifts ; the medieval chronicler William of Malmesbury said that they were splendid and many.

During the same period a movement with similar aims had also developed in France under the direction of Eugène Viollet-le-Duc a French architect and theorist, famous for his " restorations " of medieval buildings.

During the Viking Age, Birka ( Birca in medieval sources ), on the island of Björkö ( literally: " Birch Island ") in Sweden, was an important trading center which handled goods from Scandinavia as well as Central and Eastern Europe and the Orient.

During the medieval period many towns were granted self-governance by the Crown, at which point they became referred to as boroughs.

During the Middle Ages, there were various systems involving elections or assemblies, although often only involving a small amount of the population, the election of Gopala in Bengal region of Indian Subcontinent, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ( 10 % of population ), the Althing in Iceland, the Løgting in the Faeroe Islands, certain medieval Italian city-states such as Venice, the tuatha system in early medieval Ireland, the Veche in Novgorod and Pskov Republics of medieval Russia, Scandinavian Things, The States in Tirol and Switzerland and the autonomous merchant city of Sakai in the 16th century in Japan.

During the medieval period and prior to the Ottoman occupation of Debarewa in 1557, Eritrea ’ s historical name was Bahre-Negash ( Kingdom of the Sea ).

During what is often referred to as the Islamic Golden Age, in order for a scholar to be qualified to issue a fatwā, it was required that he obtained an ijazat attadris wa ' l-ifta (" license to teach and issue legal opinions ") from a Madrassah in the medieval Islamic legal education system, which was developed by the 9th century during the formation of the Madh ' hab legal schools.

During the Piast dynasty Christianity was adopted in 966 and medieval monarchy established.

During the late medieval period, King Henry V of England ( lived 1387-1422 ) ordered the use of the English of his day in proceedings before him and before the government bureaucracies.

During the period in which Ivanhoe is set, the nobility would have spoken a mixture of medieval English and medieval French.

During medieval times, when learning came under the purview of the Church, these subjects ( called the Trivium ) were extended to include mathematics, geometry, music, and astronomy ( which included the study of astrology ).

During medieval and modern times, Macedonia has been known as a Balkan region inhabited by ethnic Greeks, Albanians, Vlachs, Serbs, Bulgarians, Jews, and Turks.

During medieval times the city was known for its tanneries and for the shoes and other leather goods that were made from the high quality leathers that were produced there.

During the medieval period Saint Dionysius the Areopagite and Saint Denis of Paris were considered to be the same " Dionysius " who had been converted by Saint Paul in Acts 17: 34.

During the early medieval Slavic migrations, the area between the Oder and Vistula rivers was settled by tribes grouped as Pomeranians.

During the medieval period, political rhetoric declined as republican oratory died out and the emperors of Rome garnered increasing authority.

During the medieval period, Sri Lanka was divided to three sub-territories, namely Ruhunu, Pihiti and Maya.

During the early second millennium, George came to be seen as the model of chivalry, and during this time was depicted in works of literature, such as the medieval romances.

During much of the early medieval period, the town was contested between the Byzantines and the Bulgarian Empire, whose capital it was between 972 and 992.

During much of the early medieval period, the town was contested by both the Byzantines and the Bulgarian Empire.

During this time he began to collect medieval scholastic books, which he preserved faithfully throughout his life.

During the English Reformation the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church, at first temporarily under Henry VIII and Edward VI and later permanently during the reign of Elizabeth I.

During the turmoil of the Protestant Reformation, he dedicated mostly to architecture ; paintings of the period, showing his increasing attention to architecture, include the Nativity of the Virgin.

During the Reformation, in 1528, its twelve altars and accompanying pictures were destroyed.

During the Protestant Reformation, some of the municipalities converted to the new faith.

During the 16th century, Scotland underwent a Protestant Reformation that made the nation Calvinist, with a strong Presbyterian Church.

During the next centuries, France experienced the Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation, as well as recurring religious conflicts and wars with other powers.

* During the Protestant Reformation and the European wars of religion, known as the Beeldenstorm in the Netherlands, Protestants destroyed traditional ( by then considered Catholic ) imagery in churches, including paintings, sculptures and other representations.

During the Counter Reformation and Baroque periods ( late 16th and 17th centuries ), the cult of Mary Magdalene saw a great, new popularity as the Catholic Church publicized her as an attractive, persusasive model of repentance and reform, in keeping with the goals of the reform Council of Trent ( 1545 – 63 ).

During the Reformation the Catholic Church was persecuted and the Dutch dioceses north of the Rhine and Waal were suspended by the Holy See.

During the Reformation, Anabaptists were persecuted by Lutheran, Calvinist, Anglican and Catholic regimes.

During the Reformation, moreover, information about Middle Eastern countries in the Histories provided a basis for establishing Biblical chronology as advocated by Isaac Newton.

During the Protestant Reformation, the doctrine of transubstantiation was heavily criticised as an Aristotelian " pseudo-philosophy " imported into Christian teaching and jettisoned in favor of Martin Luther's doctrine of sacramental union, or in favor, per Huldrych Zwingli, of the Eucharist as memorial.

During the Middle Ages Zurich gained the independent and privileged status of imperial immediacy and, in 1519, was the place of origin and centre of the Protestant Reformation in German-speaking Switzerland, led by Ulrich Zwingli.

During the sixteenth century and English Reformation, King Henry VIII led the dissolution of the monasteries and many holy places were demolished.

During the Scottish Reformation, the abbey church was sacked in March 1560.

During the Reformation, authentication of scripture was governed by the discernible excellence of the text as well as the personal witness of the Holy Spirit to the heart of each man.

During the turmoil of the Reformation, Zug remained on the Catholic side of central Switzerland and retained the old faith.

During the 15th century, the abbey guesthouse was developed into a royal residence, and after the Scottish Reformation the Palace of Holyroodhouse was expanded further.

During these spates of iconoclasm, Catholic art and many forms of church fittings and decoration were destroyed in unofficial or mob actions by nominally Calvinist Protestant crowds as part of the Protestant Reformation.

During the Reformation, ownership passed to the Slavic dukes of Pomerania, who took over the island.

During the Protestant Reformation most of Tczew's inhabitants converted to Lutheranism.

During restoration work in the 1870s, the crypt which had been closed since the Reformation was refurbished and opened as a chapel, and Saint Canute once more went on display.

During the Reformation, the monasteries in the northern Netherlands were expropriated.

During the 15th century, cast iron became utilized for artillery in Burgundy, France, and in England during the Reformation.