During the early to mid-nineteenth century both European armies as well as both the U. S. Federal and Confederate armies employed blacksmiths to shoe horses and repair equipment such as wagons, horse tack, and artillery equipment.

During the British era many agricultural improvements were introduced, although there has been a substantial decline in the population since the mid-nineteenth century.

During the mid-nineteenth century, many Pinyon groves were cut down to make charcoal for ore-processing, destroying the traditional lifestyle of the Native Americans who depended on them for food.

During the early part of this century, the Brown & Sharpe works in Providence were unchallenged as the largest single manufacturing facility devoted exclusively to precision machinery and tool manufacture anywhere in the world.

During the nineteenth century these views were protested by virtually all the Latin American writers, though ineffectively, just as the new nations of Africa and Asia protest them, with more effect, today.

During the 17th century, practical alchemy started to evolve into modern chemistry, as it was renamed by Robert Boyle, the " father of modern chemistry ".< ref name =" Deem, Rich 2005 ">

During the 20th century BC the Indo-European Hittites entered the region and gradually established a great empire which was destroyed by invaders in the 12th century.

During the Late Bronze Age circa 2000 BC, they created an empire, the Hittite New Kingdom, which reached its height in the 14th century BC, controlling much of Asia Minor.

During the 1st century BC the Armenians in what had been Urartu established the powerful Armenian kingdom under Tigran who reigned throughout much of eastern Anatolia between the Caspian, Black Sea and Mediterranean.

During this period winter sports were slowly introduced: in 1882 the first figure skating championship was held in St. Moritz, and downhill skiing became a trendy sport with English visitors early in the 20th century, as the first ski-lift was installed in 1908 above Grindelwald.

During the post-World War I period ski-lifts were built in Swiss and Austrian towns to accommodate winter visitors, but summer tourism continued to be important ; by the mid-20th century the popularity of downhill skiing increased greatly as it became more accessible and in the 1970s several new villages were built in France devoted almost exclusively to skiing, such a Les Menuires.

During the Carolingian epoch the custom grew up of granting these as regular heritable fiefs or benefices, and by the 10th century, before the great Cluniac reform, the system was firmly established.

During the fourth century, the Roman emperors commonly employed foederati: Germanic irregular troops under Roman command, but organized by tribal structures.

During the post-Phoenician era of the eighth century a palace was erected and a port was also constructed, which served the trade with the Greeks and the Levantines.

During the 4th century BC, there may well have been some 250, 000 – 300, 000 people in Attica.

During the 5th century BC, the Acropolis gained its final shape.

During the 3rd century, under threat from a Herulian invasion, repairs were made to the Acropolis walls, and the " Beulé Gate " was constructed to restrict entrance in front of the Propylaia, thus returning the Acropolis to use as a fortress.

During the turn of the 20th century British Israelites carried out some excavations of the Hill of Tara in Ireland looking for the Ark of the Covenant – the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland campaigned successfully to have them stopped before they destroyed the hill.

During the 5th century, the Anglii invaded Great Britain, after which time their name does not recur on the continent except in the title of Suevi Angili.

During the late 19th century, ideas about the legendary nature of Atlantis were combined with stories of other lost continents such as Mu and Lemuria.

During the first half of the 19th century, some of the songs African-Americans sang also began to appear in use for shipboard tasks, i. e. as shanties.

During the quarter century 1826-1850, 41 species and 6 genera of Apicomplexa were named.

During the early 20th century, Alicante was a minor capital that enjoyed the benefit of Spain's neutrality during World War I, and that provided new opportunities for the local industry and agriculture.

During the 19th century, the fields of science and art became increasingly intertwined as scientists such as Michael Faraday began to study the damaging effects of the environment to works of art.

During the 20th century communications used flags, morse code by radio, line and lights, voice and teleprinter by line.

During the next century Aegina was one of the three principal states trading at the emporium of Naucratis, and it was the only state of European Greece that had a share in this factory.

During the latter half of the 19th century, considerable public improvements were made to the town, which became, despite its neighbouring collieries, a pleasant place to live.

During World War II, through February 1945, when Turkey was neutral for most of the length of the conflict, the Dardanelles were closed to the ships of the belligerent nations.

During the delay caused by this detour, two other British ships joined the battle: Theseus, which had been disguised as a first-rate ship, followed Foley's track across Guerrier < nowiki >'</ nowiki > s bow.

During the time from 1859 British clipper ships continued to be built.

During this time he also lost the potential advantage of the larger guns on his ships: they could commence firing at a longer range than the German ships.

During the 19th century, the supply and maintenance depot for ships at Stanley developed into a port serving ships rounding Cape Horn.

During the peak of the age of sail, beginning in the early 17th century, it has been customary ( and later a legal requirement ) for ships to carry flags designating their nationality ; these flags eventually evolved into the national flags and maritime flags of today.

During the return to Italy the Romans are again caught in a storm and lose 150 ships.

During World War I, the United States Navy acquired large numbers of privately owned and commercial ships and craft for use as patrol vessels, mine warfare vessels, and various types of naval auxiliary ships, some of them with identical names.

During his stay at Hangzhou he was particularly impressed by the large number of well-crafted and well-painted Chinese wooden ships, with colored sails and silk awnings, assembling in the canals.

During the first decade of whaling more than ten ships visited Jan Mayen each year, while in the second period ( 1624 and later ) five to ten ships were sent.

During the late 1960s and early 1970s, he spent much of his time at sea on his personal fleet of ships as " Commodore " of the Sea Organization, an elite inner group of Scientologists.

During the Napoleonic wars, the " Isle de France " had become a base from which French corsairs organised successful raids on British commercial ships.

During conversion, the ships gained an additional 157 feet ( 48 m ) amidships and a helicopter landing pad, among other things.

During the War of 1812, Nova Scotia ’ s contribution to the war effort was communities either purchasing or building various privateer ships to lay siege to American vessels.

During World War II, it built ships as part of the U. S. Government's Emergency Shipbuilding Program, and swiftly filled requests for " Liberty ships " that were needed during the war.

During the night of 2 – 3 April 1767, all the Jesuit houses of Spain were suddenly surrounded, the inhabitants arrested, shipped to the ports in the clothes they were wearing and bundled onto ships for Civitavecchia.

During World War I, the Navy Yard constructed ships, including 25 subchasers, seven submarines, two minesweepers, seven seagoing tugs, and two ammunition ships, as well as 1, 700 small boats.

During World War II, the shipyard's primary effort was the repair of battle damage to ships of the U. S. fleet and those of its allies.

During the Korean War, the shipyard was engaged in the activation of ships.